On the Implicit Argument of Icelandic Indirect Causatives

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Einar Freyr Sigurðsson ◽  
Jim Wood
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Argument ◽  
Syntactic Representation ◽  
State Of Affairs

The goal of this article is to understand the syntax of Icelandic indirect causatives (ICs), especially with respect to the implicit causee. We show that the complement of the causative verb must be at least as large as a VoiceP, and that it shares some properties with active VoicePs and others with passive VoicePs. We make sense of this state of affairs by proposing that the causee, while phonetically silent, has an explicit syntactic representation, but as a φP rather than a DP. We further propose that ICs are built by stacking a second VoiceP on top of the lexical verb’s first VoiceP, and that this configuration, along with the underspecified interpretation of φP, leads to a special thematic interpretation of both the causer and the implicit causee. Our analysis suggests that there are certain core ingredients involved in building ICs—such as stacked VoicePs and an underspecified causee—but that the source of these ingredients can vary across languages and constructions, depending on the formal primitives that grammars make available to the languages more generally.

Possession

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Lumsden
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Representation ◽  
West African ◽  
African Language ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Haitian Creole ◽  
Implicit Argument ◽  
Syntactic Representation

This paper compares the notion of "possession" as it is expressed in the verbs of Haitian Creole, French, and Fongbe (a West African language of the Kwa family). It is argued that the notion of possession in verbal semantics is best represented as an implicit argument, i.e., an argument that is present in the semantic representation, but not in the syntax. The implicit argument [POSSESSION] is ambiguous, allowing it to be manifested in the syntactic representation in different ways. The properties of the creole verbs are consistently parallel with those of the Fongbe verbs, and they are often in contrast with the properties of the French verbs. Since French and Fongbe are among the historical sources of Haitian Creole (Lefebvre & Lumsden 1989), these patterns have consequence for the evaluation of theories of creole genesis.

The Need for a Broad-Based Model of Phonological Disorders

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Kamhi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Phonological Disorders ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Speech Delays ◽  
Explanatory Adequacy ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Treatment Procedures

My response to Fey’s article (1985; reprinted 1992, this issue) focuses on the confusion caused by the application of simplistic phonological definitions and models to the assessment and treatment of children with speech delays. In addition to having no explanatory adequacy, such definitions/models lead either to assessment and treatment procedures that are similarly focused or to procedures that have no clear logical ties to the models with which they supposedly are linked. Narrowly focused models and definitions also usually include no mention of speech production processes. Bemoaning this state of affairs, I attempt to show why it is important for clinicians to embrace broad-based models of phonological disorders that have some explanatory value. Such models are consistent with assessment procedures that are comprehensive in nature and treatment procedures that focus on linguistic, as well as motoric, aspects of speech.

What Is an Institution?

2007 ◽  
pp. 5-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Searle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Structure ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Collective Intentionality ◽  
Institutional Facts ◽  
Institutional Fact ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Typical Point

The author claims that an institution is any collectively accepted system of rules (procedures, practices) that enable us to create institutional facts. These rules typically have the form of X counts as Y in C, where an object, person, or state of affairs X is assigned a special status, the Y status, such that the new status enables the person or object to perform functions that it could not perform solely in virtue of its physical structure, but requires as a necessary condition the assignment of the status. The creation of an institutional fact is, thus, the collective assignment of a status function. The typical point of the creation of institutional facts by assigning status functions is to create deontic powers. So typically when we assign a status function Y to some object or person X we have created a situation in which we accept that a person S who stands in the appropriate relation to X is such that (S has power (S does A)). The whole analysis then gives us a systematic set of relationships between collective intentionality, the assignment of function, the assignment of status functions, constitutive rules, institutional facts, and deontic powers.

POST-COSMISM AND POST-HUMANISM: TWO STRATEGIES IN THE MOD-ERN PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN

Chelovek RU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Natalia Rostova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exceptionalism ◽  
Current State ◽  
Human World ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Post Humanism

The article analyzes the current state of affairs in philosophy in relation to the question «What is hu-man?». In this regard, the author identifies two strategies – post-humanism and post-cosmism. The strat-egy of post-humanism is to deny the idea of human exceptionalism. Humanity becomes something that can be thought of out of touch with human and understood as a right that extends to the non-human world. Post-cosmism, on the contrary, advocated the idea of ontological otherness of the human. Re-sponding to the challenges of anthropological catastrophe, its representatives propose a number of new anthropological projects.

Criminal Forfeiture under Kenya's Proceeds of Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Act: Nature and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-676
Author(s):  
Constance Gikonyo
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Present State ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Fair Process ◽  
Proceeds Of Crime ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Substantive Law

Criminal forfeiture is an asset confiscation mechanism used to seize benefits gained from an offence that one is convicted of. In Kenya, the Proceeds of Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Act provides the facilitating legislation. The present state of the regime's underutilisation prompts an examination of the substantive law and procedure provided in this statute. The analysis indicates that the provisions are technical in nature and the process is systematic. This ensures that a procedurally and substantively fair process is undertaken, in keeping with constitutional provisions. Nonetheless, identified challenges, including the complex nature of the provisions, translate to unclear interpretation and consequently ineffective implementation. This state of affairs is reversible through increased understanding of the criminal forfeiture provisions and their operation. This can potentially lead to an upsurge in its use and facilitate depriving offenders of criminal gains, removing the incentive for crime and reducing proceeds available to fund criminal activities.

Destructive of deviation and economic deprivation of innovative development of enterprises of Ukraine: displays and possibilities of leveling

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Irina Tkachenko ◽  
Maryna Lysytsia ◽  
Viktoria Sektymenko
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Economic Deprivation ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
State Of Affairs

Strategy of successful development of the national economic systems of countries-leaders the last years is closely related to leadership in research-anddevelopments, by appearance of new knowledge, development of hi-tech production and creation of mass innovative products. Development of innovative potential is not only a way of dynamic development and success but also backer-up of safety and sovereignty of country, to her competitiveness in the modern world. The necessity of introduction in Ukraine of європейських standards of life and exit of Ukraine on leading positions in the world defined the aim of Strategy of steady development «Ukraine 2020» approved by Decree of President of Ukraine № 5/2015 from January, 12, 2015 and plans of operating under implementation of Agreement about an association from ЕС, by the obligations of Ukraine in relation to the achievement of national Aims of steady development on a period 2030 to The basic displays of origin of economic deprivation and destructive deviation of innovative development of enterprises, lighted up questions that touch maintenance and ways of improvement of strategic management of enterprises innovative activity in the system of institutional structure of forming of innovative behavior, are certain in the article. Reformation of economy of country must take place in the conditions of maintenance of certain calls and risks, in particular, it is a threat of escalation of the battle operating on east, authenticity of worsening of the external economic state of affairs on world commodity markets, migratory processes, braking, destructive deviation and депривація of investment activity. A human capital, and also knowledge and results of scientific researches, must become basis of the Ukrainian innovative competitiveness.

A Better Solution to the General Problem of Creation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-162
Author(s):  
Jeremy W. Skrzypek
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
General Problem ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Better Than

It is often suggested that, since the state of affairs in which God creates a good universe is better than the state of affairs in which He creates nothing, a perfectly good God would have to create that good universe. Making use of recent work by Christine Korgaard on the relational nature of the good, I argue that the state of affairs in which God creates is actually not better, due to the fact that it is not better for anyone or anything in particular. Hence, even a perfectly good God would not be compelled to create a good universe.

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