Stress Uniformity in Albanian: Morphological Arguments for Cyclicity

Jochen Trommer

doi:10.1162/ling_a_00121

Stress Uniformity in Albanian: Morphological Arguments for Cyclicity

Linguistic Inquiry ◽

10.1162/ling_a_00121 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 109-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jochen Trommer

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

Strong Evidence ◽

Stress Assignment ◽

Output Constraints ◽

Word Forms ◽

Stress Uniformity ◽

Phonological Opacity

The uniformity of stress assignment across inflectional forms in Albanian leads to massive phonological opacity, which seems to lend itself either to paradigmatic output-output constraints ( Benua 1997 , McCarthy 2005 ) or to a stratal organization of phonology ( Kiparsky 2000 , Bermúdez-Otero 2008 ) where inflected word forms preserve the stress assigned to stems at an earlier stratum. In this article, I show that a detailed analysis of Albanian morphology provides strong evidence for a stratal account: stress position in inflected word forms is correctly predicted by their stems, but not by ( partially defective) paradigms.

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Follower ants in a tandem pair are not always naïve

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep10747 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Patrick Schultheiss ◽

Chloé A Raderschall ◽

Ajay Narendra

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

Strong Evidence ◽

Systematic Search ◽

Directional Bias ◽

Tandem Running ◽

Searching Behaviour ◽

Search Path ◽

High Incidence

Abstract In addition to foraging individually several species of ants guide nestmates to a goal by tandem running. We found that the Australian ant, Camponotus consobrinus, forages both individually and by tandem running to head to the same goal, nest-specific native Australian trees on which they forage. While paths of solitary foragers and initial paths of tandem followers showed no differences in heading directions or straightness, tandem followers moved at about half the speed of solitary runs. When leaders were experimentally removed, follower ants initially engaged in a systematic search around the point of interruption, following which they either (a) headed directly towards and successfully reached the foraging trees, or (b) continued searching or (c) returned to the nest. The high incidence of followers that successfully navigated towards the foraging trees on their own provides strong evidence that many tandem followers are in fact experienced foragers. Detailed analysis of the searching behaviour revealed that even seemingly lost followers displayed a directional bias towards the foraging trees in their search path. Our results show that in a foraging context follower ants in a tandem pair are not always naïve.

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Colonization and Speciation in Subterranean Environments

The Biology of Caves and Other Subterranean Habitats ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198820765.003.0007 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 147-178

Author(s):

David C. Culver ◽

Tanja Pipan

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

Strong Evidence ◽

Lava Tubes ◽

Dinaric Karst ◽

Constant Flux ◽

The Third ◽

Subsurface Environments ◽

Diving Beetles ◽

History Of ◽

Shift Hypothesis

Colonization and speciation in subterranean environments can be conveniently divided into four stages. The first step is colonization of subsurface environments. There is a constant flux of colonists into most subterranean habitats. The second step is the success (or failure) of these colonizations. The third step is speciation. Under the Climate Relict Hypothesis (CRH) surface populations go extinct but under the Adaptive Shift Hypothesis (ASH) they do not necessarily do so, and speciation can be parapatric. There is strong evidence for the CRH among temperate zone fauna, and growing evidence for the ASH in tropical caves, especially lava tubes. The final step is possible further speciation as a result of subsurface dispersal. Detailed analysis of the evolutionary history of the isopod A. aquaticus in the Dinaric karst, diving beetles Paroster in a calcrete aquifer in Western Australia, and trogloxenic Leopoldamys neilli in Thailand reveal some of the complexities of species’ phylogeography.

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Studies in the dynamics of disinfection: III. The reaction between phenol andBact. coli: the effect of temperature and concentration: with a detailed analysis of the reaction velocity

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400013401 ◽

1945 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 210-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

R. C. Jordan ◽

S. E. Jacobs

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

Strong Evidence ◽

Death Rate ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Death Rates ◽

Reaction Velocity ◽

Method Of Calculation ◽

Slow Decline ◽

True Values

1. Details are given of further experiments on the disinfection ofBact. colicultures by phenol using an improved standardized technique. These were carried out at several temperatures at each of five phenol concentrations.2. An excess of high values of χ2was again observed at high mortalities. Reasons for the occurrence of this phenomenon are discussed.3. The logarithmic death-rates calculated between successive determinations of the surviving cells have been combined and analysed. Strong evidence was obtained that the death-rate rises to a maximum and then falls, sharply at first and then more slowly. There was some evidence for an initial rush in the death-rate.4. The method hitherto adopted for treating these data, based on the assumption that the death-rate rises to a maximum at which it remains constant, has been shown to be a fair approximation but one which leads to low values for thev.s.t.'s.5. Calculated estimates nearer to the true values for thev.s.t.'shave been obtained by treating the last phase of slow decline as one of constant death-rate. All values except those exceeding 1000 min. are increased by this change in method of calculation.6. The newv.s.t.'sdo not alter significantly the value previously obtained for the concentration exponent for phenol at 35°C.

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Detailed analysis of chick optic fissure closure reveals Netrin-1 as an essential and conserved mediator of epithelial fusion during vertebrate embryogenesis

10.1101/477729 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

H Hardy ◽

J Prendergast ◽

A Patel ◽

S Dutta ◽

V Trejo-Reveles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

Birth Defects ◽

Strong Evidence ◽

Embryonic Chick ◽

Essential Requirement ◽

Evolutionarily Conserved ◽

Protein Localisation ◽

Anatomical Detail ◽

Epithelial Fusion ◽

Human Birth

ABSTRACTEpithelial fusion underlies many vital organogenic processes during embryogenesis. Disruptions to these cause a significant number of human birth defects, including ocular coloboma. We provide robust spatial-temporal staging and unique anatomical detail of optic fissure closure (OFC) in the embryonic chick, including strong evidence for roles of apoptosis and epithelial remodelling. We performed complementary transcriptomic profiling and show that Netrin-1 (NTN1) is precisely expressed in the chick fissure margin at the fusion plate but is immediately downregulated after fusion. We further provide a combination of protein localisation and phenotypic evidence in chick, humans, mice and fish that Netrin-1 has an evolutionarily conserved and essential requirement for OFC, and is likely to have a major role in palate fusion. Our data reveal that NTN1 is a new locus for human coloboma and other multi-system developmental fusion defects, and that chick OFC is a powerful model for epithelial fusion research.

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Measuring Word Learning Ability in Sequential Bilingual Children

Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations ◽

10.1044/cds17.1.25 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 25-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pui Fong Kan

Keyword(s):

Word Learning ◽

Learning Ability ◽

Bilingual Children ◽

Word Knowledge ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Learning Skills ◽

Word Forms ◽

The Individual ◽

Novel Word Learning ◽

L1 And L2

Abstract The purpose of this article is to look at the word learning skills in sequential bilingual children—children who learn two languages (L1 and L2) at different times in their childhood. Learning a new word is a process of learning a word form and relating this form to a concept. For bilingual children, each concept might need to map onto two word forms (in L1 and in L2). In case studies, I present 3 typically developing Hmong-English bilingual preschoolers' word learning skills in Hmong (L1) and in English (L2) during an 8-week period (4 weeks for each language). The results showed gains in novel-word knowledge in L1 and in L2 when the amount of input is equal for both languages. The individual differences in novel word learning are discussed.

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Prosodic Impairment Associated With Traumatic Brain Injury

Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders ◽

10.1044/nnsld19.3.97 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 97-102

Author(s):

Billy Irwin

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Detailed Analysis ◽

Acoustic Characteristics ◽

Individual Variations

Abstract Purpose: This article discusses impaired prosody production subsequent to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Prosody may affect naturalness and intelligibility of speech significantly, often for the long term, and TBI may result in a variety of impairments. Method: Intonation, rate, and stress production are discussed in terms of the perceptual, physiological, and acoustic characteristics associated with TBI. Results and Conclusions: All aspects of prosodic production are susceptible to the effects of damage resulting from TBI. There are commonly associated prosodic impairments; however, individual variations in specific aspects of prosody require detailed analysis.

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Concurrent Electrodermal and Eyeblink Conditioning With Masked and Unmasked Stimuli

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 35-42

Author(s):

José Luis Marcos ◽

Azahara Marcos

Keyword(s):

Unconditioned Stimulus ◽

Strong Evidence ◽

Eyeblink Conditioning ◽

Noise Burst ◽

Conditioning Phase ◽

Contingency Awareness ◽

Blank Screen ◽

Neutral Face ◽

Fearful Face

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine if contingency awareness between the conditioned (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) is necessary for concurrent electrodermal and eyeblink conditioning to masked stimuli. An angry woman’s face (CS+) and a fearful face (CS−) were presented for 23 milliseconds (ms) and followed by a neutral face as a mask. A 98 dB noise burst (US) was administered 477 ms after CS+ offset to elicit both electrodermal and eyeblink responses. For the unmasking conditioning a 176 ms blank screen was inserted between the CS and the mask. Contingency awareness was assessed using trial-by-trial ratings of US-expectancy in a post-conditioning phase. The results showed acquisition of differential electrodermal and eyeblink conditioning in aware, but not in unaware participants. Acquisition of differential eyeblink conditioning required more trials than electrodermal conditioning. These results provided strong evidence of the causal role of contingency awareness on differential eyeblink and electrodermal conditioning.

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