On Headless XP-Movement/Ellipsis

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenshi Funakoshi
Keyword(s):  
Head Movement ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Economy Condition ◽  
Crosslinguistic Variation

I make two proposals in this article: (a) an economy condition on the operation Copy, which states that Copy should apply to as small an element as possible, and (b) the “two types of head movement” hypothesis, which states that Universal Grammar allows head movement via substitution as well as head movement via adjunction. I argue that with these proposals, we can not only explain two generalizations about what I call headless XPs, but also attribute crosslinguistic variation in the applicability of these generalizations to parameters that are responsible for the availability of multiple specifiers.

Acquisition of the Japanese reflexive zibun and movement of anaphors in Logical Form

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Logical Form ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Subject Pool ◽  
Crosslinguistic Variation

Several recent accounts of crosslinguistic variation in the properties of anaphors have rejected Manzini and Wexler's (1987) parameterized binding principles. Pica (1987), Battistella (1989), Cole et al. (1990) and Katada (1991), among others, claim that anaphors move in Logical Form (LF) such that 'long-distance' binding can be reduced to a series of local relationships. This article looks at research on adult second language learning in the light of the proposal that reflexives move in LF. A first approach to the issue reanalyses data from earlier research on the acquisition of the Japanese long-distance anaphor zibun, research conducted under the assumption that the binding principles are parameterized. Secondly, a new study of 58 adult learners of Japanese is presented, showing that learners' knowledge of zibun at a high-proficiency level is largely consistent with a key prediction of the movement in LF approach. Although relatively few high-proficiency learners in the subject pool seem to have arrived at the full native-speaker grammar of zibun, there is little evidence that the grammars they construct violate principles of Universal Grammar. On the other hand, data from lower-proficiency learners are less readily accounted for from the perspective of movement in LF.

The Structure of Words at the Interfaces

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Head Movement ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Merger

This volume contains chapters that treat the question ‘What is a word?’ in various ways. The lens through which this question is asked and answered is coloured by a discussion of where in the grammar wordhood is determined. All of the authors in this work take it as given that structures at, above, and below the ‘word’ are built in the same derivational system; there is no lexicalist grammatical subsystem dedicated to word building. This type of framework foregrounds the difficulty in defining wordhood. Questions like whether there are restrictions on the size of structures that distinguish words from phrases, or whether there are combinatory operations that are specific to one or the other, are central to the debate. The chapters herein do not all agree. Some propose wordhood to be limited to entities defined by syntactic heads, others propose that phrasal structure can be found within words. Some propose that head movement and adjunction (and Morphological Merger, as its mirror image) are the manner in which words are built, while others propose that phrasal movements are crucial to determining the order of morphemes word-internally. All chapters point to the conclusion that the phonological domains that we call words are read off of the morphosyntactic structure in particular ways. It is the study of this interface, between the syntactic and phonological modules of Universal Grammar, that underpins the totality of the discussion in this volume.

scholarly journals The Ups and Downs of Head Displacement

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-49
Author(s):  
Karlos Arregi ◽  
Asia Pietraszko
Keyword(s):  
Head Movement ◽  
Head Displacement ◽  
Downward Displacement ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Mirror Principle ◽  
Crosslinguistic Variation

We propose a theory of head displacement that replaces traditional Head Movement and Lowering with a single syntactic operation of Generalized Head Movement. We argue that upward and downward head displacement have the same syntactic properties: cyclicity, Mirror Principle effects, feeding upward head displacement, and being blocked in the same syntactic configurations. We also study the interaction of head displacement and other syntactic operations, arguing that claimed differences between upward and downward displacement are either spurious or follow directly from our account. Finally, we show that our theory correctly predicts the attested crosslinguistic variation in verb and inflection doubling in predicate clefts.

Universal Grammar, crosslinguistic variation and second language acquisition

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia White
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Linguistic Input ◽  
Constrained Variation ◽  
Crosslinguistic Variation

According to generative linguistic theory, certain principles underlying language structure are innately given, accounting for how children are able to acquire their mother tongues (L1s) despite a mismatch between the linguistic input and the complex unconscious mental representation of language that children achieve. This innate structure is referred to as Universal Grammar (UG); it includes universal principles, as well as parameters which allow for constrained variation across languages.

Role of pinnae and head movements in localizing pure tones 1The authors would like to thank Mr. Remi Humbert for implementing the experiment in Turbo Pascal and for his further assistance.

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara S. Muller ◽  
Pierre Bovet
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Sound Effects ◽  
Posterior Quadrant ◽  
Localization Performance ◽  
Pure Tones

Twelve blindfolded subjects localized two different pure tones, randomly played by eight sound sources in the horizontal plane. Either subjects could get information supplied by their pinnae (external ear) and their head movements or not. We found that pinnae, as well as head movements, had a marked influence on auditory localization performance with this type of sound. Effects of pinnae and head movements seemed to be additive; the absence of one or the other factor provoked the same loss of localization accuracy and even much the same error pattern. Head movement analysis showed that subjects turn their face towards the emitting sound source, except for sources exactly in the front or exactly in the rear, which are identified by turning the head to both sides. The head movement amplitude increased smoothly as the sound source moved from the anterior to the posterior quadrant.

A CASE STUDY OF NL INFLUENCE IN UNIS FKIP ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS' INTERLANGUAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Irmala Sukendra ◽  
Agus Mulyana ◽  
Imam Sudarmaji
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Similar System ◽  
The One ◽  
L1 Acquisition

Regardless to the facts that English is being taught to Indonesian students starting from early age, many Indonesian thrive in learning English. They find it quite troublesome for some to acquire the language especially to the level of communicative competence. Although Krashen (1982:10) states that “language acquirers are not usually aware of the fact that they are acquiring language, but are only aware of the fact that they are using the language for communication”, second language acquisition has several obstacles for learners to face and yet the successfulness of mastering the language never surmounts to the one of the native speakers. Learners have never been able to acquire the language as any native speakers do. Mistakes are made and inter-language is unavoidable. McNeili in Ellis (1985, p. 44) mentions that “the mentalist views of L1 acquisition hypothesizes the process of acquisition consists of hypothesis-testing, by which means the grammar of the learner’s mother tongue is related to the principles of the ‘universal grammar’.” Thus this study intends to find out whether the students go through the phase of interlanguage in their attempt to acquire second language and whether their interlanguage forms similar system as postulated by linguists (Krashen).

Slum Kampong Tourism “Jakarta Hidden Tour”: Designing Eco-Cultural Based Pro-Poor Tourism

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Retnayu Prasetyanti
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
System Thinking ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Economy Condition ◽  
Business Sectors ◽  
Community Movement

Forecasts of high tourism development in Jakarta, Indonesia, where massive poverty cases also exist, has directed tourism as a way of alleviating poverty; this is usually termed “pro-poor tourism” which involves multi variant stakeholders and interests. Jakarta has widespread poor areas called “slum Kampongs”, where government and business sectors are supported by international development agencies have tried to tackle down poverty by economy-community (eco-community) based development programs. However, distinguished from those programs, slum kampong development based pro-poor tourism is yet unsupported by bureaucracy agencies. “Jakarta Hidden Tour” (see “Jakarta Hidden Tour” in Trip Advisor) a “wild” tour activity which is promoted by community movement led by Ronny Poluan indicates a term of economy and cultural (eco-cultural) based slum kampong tourism that basically can pursue a better community development and economy condition through a unique culture and real life portrait experience. This paper analyses the dilemma of “Jakarta Hidden Tour” which is claimed as a poor exhibition while in another hand tries to offer a new design and approach of pro-poor tourism by utilizing thematic Kampong development with local culture excellences as such “Green Slum Kampong in Ciliwung river”, or “Sailor Slum Kampong in North Jakarta”. Key learn from Brazil with slum kampong tourism in Santa Marta is a motivation for government to live a recognition, that like any other global/industrial policies, tourism is highly driven by political interest. By conducting a system thinking perspective base, this paper analyses how “Jakarta Hidden Tour” and government’s supporting policy will ensure eco-cultural pro-poor tourism development and how stakeholders as a system’s element need to uphold poverty alleviation towards sustainability

AUTOMATIC HEAD-MOVEMENT CONTROLLED WHEELCHAIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Keyword(s):  
Head Movement ◽  
Motion Sensor ◽  
Electric Wheelchair ◽  
Wheel Chair ◽  
Head Band

This project is regarding the Motion controlled wheelchair for disabled. We are going to control motorized wheelchair using a head band having motion sensor and Arduino as controller. Problem: “often disabled who cannot walk find themselves being burden for their families or caretakers just for moving around the house. Disabled who are paralysed below head, who may not have functioning arms cannot control joystick controlled electric wheelchair.” This project is to solve their problem using a motion sensor to control their wheelchair. We are aiming towards building a more affordable, unique, low maintenance and available for all kind of head-controlled wheel chair.

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