scholarly journals Tracking the Loving Gaze

Leonardo ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Theopisti Stylianou-Lambert ◽  
Omiros Panayides

Tracking the Loving Gaze is a futile attempt to follow, map and capture the way cherished personal photographs are viewed. The authors asked 30 people to look at a preselected photograph that held a special meaning for them, while using an eye tracker. The raw visual data from this process---heat maps, focus maps and scan paths---became the foundation of a body of work that includes darkroom prints, short videos and a limited-edition artist book. Apart from exploring the invisible viewing processes of personal photography, this article introduces the concepts of the detached and the invested viewer, as well as the corresponding concepts of the cold and the loving gaze.

2014 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
pp. 664-668
Author(s):  
Zhi Hui Liu ◽  
Sheng Ze Wang ◽  
Qiong Shen ◽  
Jia Jun Feng

This study investigates the characteristics of eye movements by operating flat knitting machine. For the objective evaluation purpose of the flat knitting machine operation interface, we arrange participants finish operation tasks on the interface, then use eye tracker to analyze and evaluate the layout design. Through testing of the different layout designs, we get fixation sequences, the count of fixation, heat maps, and fixation length. The results showed that the layout design could significantly affect the eye-movement, especially the fixation sequences and the heat maps, the count of fixation and fixation length are always impacted by operation tasks. Overall, data obtained from eye movements can not only be used to evaluate the operation interface, but also significantly enhance the layout design of the flat knitting machine.


2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-185
Author(s):  
Milomir Eric

In this study, the author deals with the analysis of the way in which the problem of the sense of language is set and solved in the phenomenological philosophy of M. Merleau-Ponty. At the beginning of the text, there is a link between the linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure?s and Merleau-Ponty?s understanding of language. Then the attention is drawn to the understanding of language within the philosophy of existence, the problem of the relation between a mark and the marked, language and a painting, literature and painting. The final considerations are devoted to Merleau-Ponty?s attempt to establish an indirect ontology in the unfinished work The Visible and the Invisible, a new understanding of the relation between flesh and language, the problem of logos, the problem of the relation of the perceptual and linguistic meaning.


2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lâle Uluç

This paper introduces a copy of the Iskandarnāma of Nizami dated 1435 and dedicated to the Timurid prince Ibrahim Sultan, grandson of the eponymous founder of the Timurid dynasty. It discusses the various features of the manuscript together with comparable examples from the same period, and also focuses on Abu al-Fath Ibrahim Sultan ibn Shah Rukh and his role as both a military leader and a patron of the arts during his tenure as the governor of the provinces of Fars, Kirman, and Luristan (1414–35). Utilizing the visual data together with the historical context of the period, this essay interprets one of the illustrations of the Iskandarnāma, hoping to fulfill what David Summers called “the most basic task of art history,” which he says “is to explain why works of art look the way they look.” The addition of this Iskandarnāma manuscript to the surviving corpus of works that can be connected to Ibrahim Sultan will provide a further insight into the important patronage of this Timurid prince.


2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00092
Author(s):  
Marta Rusnak ◽  
Joanna Szewczyk

The paper concentrates on the application of an eye tracker as a tool used to evaluate the successfulness of transformations of various historic monuments for modern purposes. An eye tracker as a device capable of registering the path of one’s gaze makes it possible to analyze the way in which people perceive a given architectural object - in the case of this paper it is the former Dresden Arsenal, now known as the Bundeswehr Military History Museum. Since Daniel Libeskind, the architect behind the transformation, clearly defined the impression he what to achieve and the building provokes significant controversies, it was decided that it would be a suitable object for such a study. The survey was meant to find out whether the changes introduced by Libeskind actually helped him achieve the intended goal. The participants of the survey were shown images of the Arsenal’s façade from before the transformation, after the transformation in the daytime and after the transformation, but at night, with the illumination turned on. The paper not only shows and analyzes differences in the way people perceive these three images, but also raises a question as to the potential of eye trackers as tools used in architectural research.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Daniel Hadrian Yohandy ◽  
Djoko Budiyanto Setyohadi ◽  
Albertus Joko Santoso

Development of the internet as a source of information has penetrated many aspects of human life, which is shown in the increasingly diverse substance of news in online news sources. Previous studies have stated that the presentation of the substance of online news information can have negative impacts, especially the emergence of anxiety in users; thus, managing the presentation of information becomes important. This study intends to explore factors that should be considered as possible anxiety-inducers for readers of news sites. Analyses of areas of interest (AOIs), fixation, and heat maps from respondents’ eye activity obtained from eye-tracker data have been compiled with Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) measurement results to analyze anxiety among newsreaders. The results show that text is the dominant center of attention in various types of news. The reason for the higher anxiety that arises from text on online news sites is twofold. First, there are the respondents’ experiences. Second, text usage allows for boundless possibilities in respondents’ imaginations as a response to the news that has occurred.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Serap Yılmaz ◽  
Tuğba Düzenli ◽  
Abdullah Çiğdem

<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>It is important how novice designers can produce shapes in the design-oriented parts where creativity and form creation is prior. Designers can abstract the t ideas in their minds by taking advantage of the forms, metrics, and relationships that exist in nature. For this reason, how designers can transform their ideas to forms has been analyzed by experienced designers in this research.The form of visual data obtained from the nature is obtained by the abstraction of the visual data and the addition of the designer's own style instead of using the imitation of the individual. The shape of nature in the result of abstraction; there is a new meaning and form again. At the end of the study, the way of designing the system, as in the case of nature, will be guided by the designers in terms of measurement and direction. Thus, novice designers can improve their creativity.</p><p>This formal quest: in landscape design, while the solution of the problem is both aesthetic and functional, Landscape architect candidates are encouraged to enrich visual memories by developing creative thinking and form creation.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Yaratıcılık ve biçim arayışının ön planda olduğu tasarım odaklı bölümlerde tasarımcı adaylarının nasıl biçim üretebileceği önemlidir. Tasarımcılar zihinlerindeki soyut fikirleri doğada var olan biçimlerden, ölçülerden ve ilişkilerden yararlanarak somut hale getirebilirler. Bu nedenle tasarımcıların fikirlerini nasıl biçime dönüştürebileceği bu araştırma kapsamında tecrübeli tasarımcılar tarafından analiz edilmiştir. Doğadan elde edilen görsel veriler birebir taklit edilerek kullanmanın yerine görsel verilerin soyutlanması ve tasarımcının kendi üslubunun da eklemesi ile biçim elde edilir. Soyutlama sonucunda doğadaki biçim; yeni bir anlam ve biçimle tekrar var olur. Çalışmanın sonunda yaratılan biçimin doğadaki gibi sistem tanımlaması için ölçü, yön açısından bir araya gelişinin irdelenmesi tasarımcılara yol gösterici olacaktır. Böylece tasarımcı adayları yaratıcılıklarını geliştirebilir.</p><p>Bu biçimsel arayış: peyzaj tasarımında, problemin çözümünü hem estetik hem de fonksiyonel yaparken; peyzaj mimarı adaylarının yaratıcı düşünme ve biçim üretmelerini geliştirerek görsel hafızalarının zenginleşmesini sağlanmaktadır.</p>


2012 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Nerijus Milerius

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama vadinamoji panmontažinė kino nuostata, kuri montažą traktuoja ne kaip paprastą techninį kino elementą, o kaip būdą montuoti kinematografinius vaizdus, mąstymą, pasaulėžiūrą, istoriją ir kt. Straipsnyje argumentuojama, kad tokios panmontažinės nuostatos ištakos glūdi ne kine. Kaip tokios ikikinematografinės panmontažinės nuostatos pavyzdys analizuojamas literatūrinis prancūzų rašytojo Gustave’o Flaubert’o romano Ponia Bovari fragmentas. Jau šiame fragmente yra akivaizdi literatūrinio montažo strategija atverti daugiau, nei tai pajėgtų realizuoti tiesioginis aprašymas. Kinematografinis montažas pasiskolina šią strategiją ir nuolat deklaruoja ambiciją pasiekti to, kas nematoma, to, ko negalima pavaizduoti, ribas. Tai, ko negalima pavaizduoti, – intervalas – tampa priemone žengti anapus siaurai suvokiamo vaizdo ir paversti montažą specifine mąstymo ar eksponavimo forma.Straipsnyje argumentuojama, kad tokia panmontažinė strategija yra esmiškas modernybės elementas. Pasiremiant ankstyvųjų montažo klasikų Griffitho ir Eizenšteino pavyzdžiais, parodoma, kaip montažo procedūrose intervalas („nematoma“) panaudojamas konstruojant tai, kas matoma. Atskleidžiama, kad intervalas („nematoma“) tampa vienu esminių kriterijų, pagal kurį galima klasifikuoti skirtingas montažo mokyklas ir skirtingus montažo tipus.Konstatuojama, kad su laiku kinas atsisakė panmontažinės ambicijos paversti montažą universaliu prasmingos visumos konstravimo principu. Vis dėlto ir dabar kino teorijoje ir praktikoje gausu tokių interpretacijų, kurios traktuoja montažą kaip matymo („parodymo“) būdą, pranokstantį techniškai ir siaurai suvokiamo montažo ribas.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: montažas, intervalas, matoma-nematoma, modernybė. THE ONTOLOGY OF MONTAGE AND BEYOND ITNerijus MileriusSummaryThe article deals with the so-called pan-aesthetical ambition of montage (editing) according to which montage is not a merely technical element of a film, but the way to edit cinematic images, thinking, worldview, history, etc. It is argued that the origins of such pan-aesthetics of montage could be found primarily not in cinema itself. As an example of such pre-cinematographic notion of montage pan-aesthetics, a fragment of Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary could be analyzed. It’s already in this fragment where the ambition of the literary montage to disclose much more than a simple literary description could manage is evident. Cinematic montage borrows this strategy 42 Religija ir kultūra Nerijus Milerius and always declares the ambition to reach the limits of the visible and the presentable. Something that could not be depicted, the interval, becomes the means to go beyond the technical understanding of montage and to transform it into a peculiar form of thinking or exposition. It is argued in the article that such panaesthetic strategy is the very element of modernity. Referring to the excerpts from the films of Griffith and Eisenstein, it is demonstrated how the invisible (the interval) is used in the construction of the visible. The invisible (theinterval) becomes the most essential criterion to classify the schools or types of montage. It is concluded that cinema abandons its ambition to transform the montage into the universal principle of constructing the whole. Nevertheless, also in the contemporary cinema, one could find the interpretations of montage according to which the montage is something more, something that surpasses the technical procedure of a mere editing.Keywords: montage, interval, visible–invisible, modernity.


2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Kasprowski ◽  
Katarzyna Harezlak

Eye tracking has become a valuable way for extending knowledge of human behavior based on visual patterns. One of the most important elements of such an analysis is the presentation of obtained results, which proves to be a challenging task. Traditional visualization techniques such as scan-paths or heat maps may reveal interesting information, nonetheless many useful features are still not visible, especially when temporal characteristics of eye movement is taken into account. This paper introduces a technique called gaze self-similarity plot (GSSP) that may be applied to visualize both spatial and temporal eye movement features on the single two-dimensional plot. The technique is an extension of the idea of recurrence plots, commonly used in time series analysis. The paper presents the basic concepts of the proposed approach (two types of GSSP) complemented with some examples of what kind of information may be disclosed and finally showing areas of the GSSP possible applications.


Author(s):  
Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin ◽  
Azalia Razali

To investigate the parameters of eye movement between ophthalmologists and optometrists while diagnosing digital fundus photographs, sixteen participants (eight ophthalmologists and eight optometrists) were recruited in this study. Every participant’s eye movement during diagnosis of a randomized set of fundus photographs displayed on an eye tracker were recorded. Fixation metrics (duration, count and rate) and scan path patterns were extracted from the eye tracker. These parameters of eye movement and correct diagnosis score were compared between both groups. Correlation analyses between fixation metrics and correct diagnosis score were also performed. Although fixation metrics between ophthalmologists and optometrists were not statistically different (p > 0.05), these parameters were statistically different when compared between different area of interests. Both participant groups had a similar correct diagnosis score. No correlation was found between fixation metrics and correct diagnosis score between both groups, except for total fixation duration and ophthalmologists’ diagnosis score of diabetic retinopathy photographs. The ophthalmologists’ scan paths were simpler, with larger saccades, and were distributed at the middle region of the photographs. Conversely, optometrists’ scan paths were extensive, with shorter saccades covering wider fundus areas, and were accumulated in some unrelated fundus areas. These findings indicated comparable efficiency and systematic visual search patterns between both the groups. Understanding visual search strategy could expedite the creation of a novel training routine for interpretation of ophthalmic diagnostic imaging.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Vernadakis

In E. M. Forster’s ‘The Story of the Siren’ (1920), humility and the humble are highlighted by the empowering status bestowed on an embedded story told by an illiterate Sicilian boatman to a sophisticated English tourist and prospective Cambridge Fellow. The latter, who is also the narrator of the embedding narrative, proves to be transformed by the qualities (philosophic, ethical and literary) promoted by the humble status of the embedded one. As the existence of the Siren of the title is problematic – she never shows up – and the story offers a case of structuring a full intrigue on the invisible, there may be a connection between the humble and the invisible. In order to investigate this assumption, I propose to explore the way in which the myth of the siren, a myth that relates to desire, is brought into dialogue with Frazer’s evolutionary theory and Plato’s theory of ideas. The interplay between philosophy, anthropology and desire provides a critique of Edwardian society and a self-criticism based on Socratic irony, itself an irony of humility. I shall eventually suggest that the humble but desirable Sicilian storyteller functions like an avatar of the Siren. Instead of writing a dissertation on the Deist Controversy and becoming an academic, the homodiegetic narrator allows himself to be seduced by the ‘Siren’s song’ – the young Sicilian’s story – and (ironically) become a writer. For, as I will attempt to demonstrate, the relationship between this short story and the life of E. M. Forster is highlighted by the figure of metalepsis, a device that reveals the author, rather than the narrator, at work.


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