scholarly journals Neural Response Suppression Predicts Repetition Priming of Spoken Words and Pseudowords

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1237-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Orfanidou ◽  
William D. Marslen-Wilson ◽  
Matthew H. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Repetition Priming ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Repetition Suppression ◽  
Voice Changes ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Spoken Words ◽  
Familiar Stimuli

An important method for studying how the brain processes familiar stimuli is to present the same item on more than one occasion and measure how responses change with repetition. Here we use repetition priming in a sparse functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to probe the neuroanatomical basis of spoken word recognition and the representations of spoken words that mediate repetition priming effects. Participants made lexical decisions to words and pseudowords spoken by a male or female voice that were presented twice, with half of the repetitions in a different voice. Behavioral and neural priming was observed for both words and pseudowords and was not affected by voice changes. The fMRI data revealed an elevated response to words compared to pseudowords in both posterior and anterior temporal regions, suggesting that both contribute to word recognition. Both reduced and elevated activation for second presentations (repetition suppression and enhancement) were observed in frontal and posterior regions. Correlations between behavioral priming and neural repetition suppression were observed in frontal regions, suggesting that repetition priming effects for spoken words reflect changes within systems involved in generating behavioral responses. Based on the current results, these processes are sufficiently abstract to display priming despite changes in the physical form of the stimulus and operate equivalently for words and pseudowords.

Orthographic activation in spoken word recognition of L2 phonological variants

2020 ◽  
pp. 026765832096825
Author(s):  
Jeong-Im Han ◽  
Song Yi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
First Language ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Spoken Words ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Prime Target

The present study investigated the influence of orthographic input on the recognition of second language (L2) spoken words with phonological variants, when first language (L1) and L2 have different orthographic structures. Lexical encoding for intermediate-to-advanced level Mandarin learners of Korean was assessed using masked cross-modal and within-modal priming tasks. Given that Korean has obstruent nasalization in the syllable coda, prime target pairs were created with and without such phonological variants, but spellings that were provided in the cross-modal task reflected their unaltered, nonnasalized forms. The results indicate that when L2 learners are exposed to transparent alphabetic orthography, they do not show a particular cost for spoken word recognition of L2 phonological variants as long as the variation is regular and rule-governed.

scholarly journals Neural Priming in Human Frontal Cortex: Multiple Forms of Learning Reduce Demands on the Prefrontal Executive System

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1766-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Race ◽  
Shanti Shanker ◽  
Anthony D. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
The Past ◽  
Repetition Suppression ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Human Frontal Cortex ◽  
Executive System ◽  
Stimulus Classification

Past experience is hypothesized to reduce computational demands in PFC by providing bottom–up predictive information that informs subsequent stimulus-action mapping. The present fMRI study measured cortical activity reductions (“neural priming”/“repetition suppression”) during repeated stimulus classification to investigate the mechanisms through which learning from the past decreases demands on the prefrontal executive system. Manipulation of learning at three levels of representation—stimulus, decision, and response—revealed dissociable neural priming effects in distinct frontotemporal regions, supporting a multiprocess model of neural priming. Critically, three distinct patterns of neural priming were identified in lateral frontal cortex, indicating that frontal computational demands are reduced by three forms of learning: (a) cortical tuning of stimulus-specific representations, (b) retrieval of learned stimulus-decision mappings, and (c) retrieval of learned stimulus-response mappings. The topographic distribution of these neural priming effects suggests a rostrocaudal organization of executive function in lateral frontal cortex.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Lexical stress in Lexical Recognition

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilma van Donselaar ◽  
Mariëtte Koster ◽  
Anne Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Lexical Stress ◽  
Auditory Presentation ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Conceptual Representations ◽  
No Inhibition ◽  
Spoken Words

Three cross-modal priming experiments examined the role of suprasegmental information in the processing of spoken words. All primes consisted of truncated spoken Dutch words. Recognition of visually presented word targets was facilitated by prior auditory presentation of the first two syllables of the same words as primes, but only if they were appropriately stressed (e.g., OKTOBER preceded by okTO-); inappropriate stress, compatible with another word (e.g., OKTOBER preceded by OCto-, the beginning of octopus), produced inhibition. Monosyllabic fragments (e.g., OC-) also produced facilitation when appropriately stressed; if inappropriately stressed, they produced neither facilitation nor inhibition. The bisyllabic fragments that were compatible with only one word produced facilitation to semantically associated words, but inappropriate stress caused no inhibition of associates. The results are explained within a model of spoken-word recognition involving competition between simultaneously activated phonological representations followed by activation of separate conceptual representations for strongly supported lexical candidates; at the level of the phonological representations, activation is modulated by both segmental and suprasegmental information.

Word recognition from acoustic onsets and acoustic offsets: Effects of cohort size and syllabic stress

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Wingfield ◽  
Harold Goodglass ◽  
Kimberly C. Lindfield
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Stress Pattern ◽  
Cohort Size ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Spoken Words ◽  
Word Onset ◽  
Target Words

ABSTRACTIn the traditional gating technique, subjects hear increasing amounts of word-onset information from spoken words until the words can be correctly identified. The experiment reported here contrasted word-onset gating with results when words were gated from their word endings. A significant recognition advantage for words gated from their onsets was demonstrated. This effect was eliminated, however, when we took into account the number of word possibilities that shared overlapping phonology and the same stress pattern as the target words at their recognition points. These results support the position that the perceptual advantage of word-initial information can be understood within a general goodness-of-fit model of spoken word recognition.

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