What the Iran-Iraq War Tells Us about the Future of the Iran Nuclear Deal

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane M. Tabatabai ◽  
Annie Tracy Samuel
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
International Negotiations ◽  
Strategic Culture ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
History Of

The 1980–88 Iran-Iraq War stands as the pivotal event for Iran's national security strategy, especially as it pertains to the country's controversial nuclear program. The “imposed war,” as it is known to Iranians, caused Iran to view itself as isolated and on the defensive, striving for self-reliance and survival in what it continues to perceive as an unjust international order. The war has shaped both Iran's strategic outlook generally and its nuclear policies specifically. It was a decisive factor in determining the nature and scope of Iran's nuclear activities, as well as in Iran's approach to the international negotiations surrounding those activities, which in 2015 produced the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Both during those talks and after the implementation of the deal began, Iranian decisionmakers regularly invoked the history and lessons of the war to construe their decisionmaking process and define their bottom lines. Yet the war and its implications for Iran's strategic culture and nuclear thinking remain understudied and misunderstood. If the implementation of the deal and a longer-term resolution of the conflict over Iran's nuclear program are to succeed, the history of the Iran-Iraq War and the vital lessons that Iran has drawn from it must be appreciated.

scholarly journals The strategy of “mılıtary non-alıgnment” and NATO

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Khayal Iskandarov ◽  
Piotr Gawliczek
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Evolution Process ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
The West ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Globalized World

The war in Ukraine in 2014 brought a concept of “military non-alignment” to the fore in the countries, which are namely influenced by both the West and Russia. The war proved that national security strategy was lacking. The paper examines the ways how neutral states cope with their security in a globalized world. It covers the brief history of neutrality, its evolution process through the centuries. The terms of “neutrality” or “non-alignment” have been delineated in order to distinguish between different strategies adopted by particular countries. The focus of the paper is on the countries located in Europe. The authors attempted to discuss the strategic consequences of the policy of “military non-alignment” in the context of cooperation with NATO. At the same time, they endeavored to justify the close cooperation of neutral countries with NATO, the strongest military-political Alliance of the world.

Changes in Polish Strategic Culture in the Context of Challenges and Threats of the 21st Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (34) ◽  
pp. 122-144
Author(s):  
Stanisław Zarobny
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Strategic Culture ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Main Research ◽  
National Security Strategy

In the article the author presents the genesis and evolution of the research on strategic culture. He also conducts an analysis of the conditions and factors shaping the Polish strategic culture and the role of the Polish national security strategy in it. Attempts are also made to evaluate the Polish strategic culture, with an emphasis on the perception of the role of military forces in it. The main research problem is as follows: Is strategic culture really present in Poland and what were the conditions for its development? Specific questions to be answered are: What has characterized strategic culture in Poland? What factors have determined the shape of Polish strategic culture? What is its impact on foreign policy and Poland’s security? How are armed forces perceived in Polish strategic culture? The main conclusion is that Poland has its own strategic culture, which has been shaped by historical experience.

scholarly journals Discerning Poland’s Contemporary Strategic Culture: An analysis of the 2020 National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland

Politeja ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6(75)) ◽  
pp. 283-305
Author(s):  
Christopher Reeves
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Strategic Culture ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Territorial Defence ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

The article analyses the Polish government’s recently published National Security Strategy in an attempt to discern the broad outlines of the strategic culture within Poland’s strategic community. The article adopts a ‘fourth generation’ approach to the conception of strategic culture, which posits that there are often rival subcultures within strategic communities, which can often result in dramatic shifts in a state’s security policies over time. There is a brief discussion of how conflicting subcultures can be identified in Poland’s foreign policies in the past before the article discusses what Poland’s current Strategy reveals about the strategic culture of today’s decision-makers. It broadly argues that there are obvious continuities in Poland’s security policies, notably in terms of how the Russian Federation is regarded as a hostile state and the degree to which NATO and the EU serve to strengthen Poland’s security. It is also possible to see more minor shifts in Poland’s security policies in recent years, such as a renewed emphasis on territorial defence and a willingness to align itself with several states which are relatively antagonistic towards the EU.

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