scholarly journals Estimating the Relationship Between Preschool Attendance and Kindergarten Science Achievement: Implications for Early Science Achievement Gaps

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Chris Curran
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
Achievement Gaps ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Preschool Attendance ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Preschool Participation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Recent evidence demonstrates that disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status in science achievement are present in the earliest grades of school. Preschool represents one potential policy solution; however, little research has explored the relationship between preschool attendance and science outcomes. This study examines whether preschool participation may improve science outcomes overall and reduce science achievement gaps by race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study of 2011, this study uses school and classroom fixed effects models with a robust set of controls to estimate the relationship between preschool attendance and early science outcomes. Results suggest that attending preschool is predictive of higher teacher-rated science ability in the fall of kindergarten but that preschool is not predictive of higher science achievement in the spring of kindergarten. The relationship is not found to consistently differ by student race, socioeconomic status, or gender, though descriptive results demonstrate that subgroups have different patterns of preschool attendance. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Early Elementary Science Instruction: Does More Time on Science or Science Topics/Skills Predict Science Achievement in the Early Grades?

AERA Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 233285841986108 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Chris Curran ◽  
James Kitchin
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Elementary Science ◽  
Science Instruction ◽  
Elementary Grades ◽  
Early Elementary ◽  
Learning Trajectories ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Using Data

Recent evidence points to the early elementary grades as a pivotal point for the development of science learning trajectories and achievement gaps. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, this study estimates the degree to which time spent on science and the breadth of science topics/skills covered predict science achievement in the earliest grades of elementary school. Using regression along with school fixed effects and student fixed effects models, we find suggestive evidence in some models (student fixed effects and regression with observable controls) that time on science instruction is related to science achievement but little evidence that the number of science topics/skills covered are related to greater science achievement. These results are generally consistent across student subgroups. We discuss the implications for early science policy and practice.

scholarly journals Religious Heterogamy and the Intergenerational Transmission of Religion: A Cross-National Analysis

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian McPhail
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Religious Attendance ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

This study examines the effect of religious heterogamy on the transmission of religion from one generation to the next. Using data from 37 countries in the 2008 Religion III Module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), I conduct a cross-national analysis of the relationship between parents’ religious heterogamy and their adult childrens’ religious lives. By estimating fixed effects regression models, I adjust for national-level confounders to examine patterns of association between having interreligious parents during childhood and level of adult religiosity as measured by self-rated religiousness, belief in God, and frequencies of religious attendance and prayer. The results indicate that having religiously heterogamous parents or parents with dissimilar religious attendance patterns are both associated with lower overall religiosity in respondents. Parents’ religious attendance, however, mediates the relationship when each parent has a different religion. Having one unaffiliated parent is associated with lower religiosity regardless of parents’ levels of religious attendance. The negative impact of parents’ religious heterogamy on religious inheritance is independent of national-level factors and has implications for anticipating changes in the religious landscapes of societies characterized by religious diversity and growing numbers of interreligious marriages.

scholarly journals Walking a High Beam

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason T. Castillo ◽  
Greg W. Welch ◽  
Christian M. Sarver
Keyword(s):  
Father Involvement ◽  
Fragile Families ◽  
Nonresident Fathers ◽  
Flexible Work ◽  
Workplace Flexibility ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Employment Stability ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Compared with resident fathers, nonresident fathers are more likely to be unemployed or underemployed and less likely, when they are employed, to have access to flexible work arrangements. Although lack of employment stability is associated with lower levels of father involvement, some research shows that increased stability at work without increased flexibility is negatively related to involvement. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 895), the authors examined the relationship between nonresident fathers’ employment stability, workplace flexibility, and father involvement. Results indicate that workplace flexibility, but not employment stability, is associated with higher levels of involvement. Policy and practice implications are discussed.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Childhood Obesity, Low Socioeconomic Status, and Race/Ethnicity: Lessons from Massachusetts

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Rogers ◽  
Taylor F. Eagle ◽  
Anne Sheetz ◽  
Alan Woodward ◽  
Robert Leibowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Effects of Teleworking on Housework Division and Well-Being of Couples

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Giovanis
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
British Household Panel Survey ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Household Chores ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Demands ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between teleworking, gender roles and happiness of couples using data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and the Understanding Society Survey (USS) during the period 1991-2012. Various approaches are followed, including Probit-adapted fixed effects, multinomial Logit and Instrumental variables (IV). The results support that both men and women who are teleworkers spend more time on housework, while teleworking increases the probability that the household chores examined in this study, such as cooking, cleaning ironing and childcare, will be shared relatively to those who are non-teleworkers. In addition, women are happier when they or their spouse is teleworker, as well as, both men and women are happier when they state that the specific household chores are shared. Thus, women teleworkers may be happier because they can face the family demands and share the household chores with their spouse, increasing their fairness belief about the household division allocation and improving their well-being, expressed by happiness.

Does the SES of the School Matter? An Examination of Socioeconomic Status and Student Achievement Using PISA 2003

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1137-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura B. Perry ◽  
Andrew Mcconney
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
School Students ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
School Ses

Background/Context It is well established in the research literature that socioeconomically disadvantaged students and schools do less well on standardized measures of academic achievement compared with their more advantaged peers. Although studies in numerous countries have shown that the socioeconomic profile of a school is strongly correlated with student outcomes, less is understood about how the relationship may vary if both individual student and school socioeconomic status (SES) are disaggregated. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This study examines the relationship between school SES and student outcomes in more detail by asking two research questions. First, how does the association vary for students of different socioeconomic backgrounds? In other words, is the association stronger for students from lower SES backgrounds than for students from higher SES backgrounds? Second, how does the association vary across schools with different socioeconomic compositions? In other words, are increases in school socioeconomic composition consistently associated with increases in student academic achievement? Population/Participants/Subjects This study uses data from the Australian 2003 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). The sample includes over 320 secondary schools and more than 12,000 students from Australia. Research Design This study is a secondary analysis of data from the Australian 2003 PISA. Descriptive statistics are used to compare the average reading, mathematics, and science achievement of secondary school students from different SES backgrounds in a variety of school SES contexts. Conclusions The two main findings of the study are that increases in the mean SES of a school are associated with consistent increases in students’ academic achievement, and that this relationship is similar for all students regardless of their individual SES. In the Australian case, the socio-economic composition of the school matters greatly in terms of students’ academic performance.

The Relationship between Job Quality and Crime: Examining Heterogeneity in Treatment and Treatment Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-740
Author(s):  
Chae M. Jaynes
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects Models ◽  
Treatment Effect Heterogeneity ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Effect Heterogeneity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perceptual Measure

Objectives: This study evaluates the relationship between employment and crime through a holistic evaluation of both treatment and treatment effect heterogeneity. Methods: This study implements a perceptual measure of job quality (job satisfaction) and hybrid fixed effects models among a sample of high-risk adults. Analyses also consider the robustness of findings across alternative operationalizations of job quality and various sample subgroups. Results: Transitioning from not working to working in the lowest quality job can be criminogenic. Among those who are working, an improvement in job quality is not generally associated with offending. However, model and crime-specific effects are observed. Evidence of treatment effect heterogeneity is also found, suggesting the effect of job quality is moderated by race/ethnicity and location. Conclusions: These findings caution criminologists against making an assumption that employment is inversely related to offending and call into question our understanding of job quality as a general disincentive for crime. Rather, evidence suggests that improvements in job quality may result in modest reductions in offending, but only for certain types of crime and certain individuals within specific labor market contexts.

scholarly journals Race, Ethnicity, Family Socioeconomic Status, and Children’s Hippocampus Volume

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. p25
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Socioeconomic Status ◽  
White Families ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
American Children ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Hippocampus Volume ◽  
Family Ses

Introduction: The hippocampus has a significant role in memory, learning, and cognition. Although hippocampal size is highly susceptible to family socioeconomic status (SES) and associated stress, very little is known on racial and ethnic group differences in the effects of SES indicators on hippocampus volume among American children. Purpose: This study explored the multiplicative effects of race, ethnicity, and family SES on hippocampus volume among American children. Methods: Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD), we analyzed the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data of 9390 9-10 years old children. The main outcome was hippocampus volume. The predictor was parental education. Subjective family SES was the independent variable. Age, sex, and marital status were the covariates. Racial and ethnic group membership were the moderators. To analyze the data, we used regression models. Results: High subjective family SES was associated with larger hippocampus volume. This effect was significantly larger for Whites than Black families. Conclusions: The effect of subjective family SES on children’s hippocampus volume is weaker in Black than White families.

scholarly journals The relationship between working capital and profitability – evidence from listed food & beverages companies in vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Hàng Lê Cẩm Phương ◽  
Hoang Minh Chau
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Cash Conversion Cycle ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

The study explores the relationship between working capital and profitability using data collected from the financial statements of 17 food and beverage companies listed on HOSE and HNX from 2008 to 2017. The three models used in this research are Pooled Ordinary Least Squares, Fixed Effects Model (FEM), Random Effects Model (REM). The results of the model tests show that REM is the most suitable. To enhance the reliability and efficiency of the model, we conduct robustness tests. The findings indicate the presence of heteroskedasticity in the model. Therefore, the adjusted REM with the GLS method is used to handle this issue. The results of the regression analysis reveal that when the average collection period increases, gross operating profit (GOP) decreases and return on assets (ROA) increases; the average payment period has a negative influence on ROA; cash conversion cycle has a negative influence on GOP and when the inventory period increases, ROA and GOP decrease.

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