scholarly journals What's Policy Got to Do with It? Race, Gender & Economic Inequality in the United States

Daedalus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-118
Author(s):  
Jamila Michener ◽  
Margaret Teresa Brower
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
White Women ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Latina Women ◽  
Role Of The State

In the United States, economic inequality is both racialized and gendered, with Black and Latina women consistently at the bottom of the economic hierarchy. Relative to men (across racial groups) and White women, Black and Latina women often have less-desirable jobs, lower earnings, and higher poverty rates. In this essay, we draw attention to the role of the state in structuring such inequality. Specifically, we examine how public policy is related to racial inequities in economic positions among women. Applying an intersectional lens to the contemporary landscape of economic inequality, we probe the associations between public policies and economic outcomes. We find that policies have unequal consequences across subgroups of women, providing prima facie evidence that state-level decisions about how and where to invest resources have differential implications based on women's race and ethnicity. We encourage scholars to use aspects of our approach as springboards for better specifying and identifying the processes that account for heterogeneous policy effects across racial subgroups of women.

Trends in modifiable behaviorally related cancers: Who is affected the most?

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13531-e13531
Author(s):  
John Chan ◽  
Michelle Ann P. Caesar ◽  
Chloe Chan ◽  
Michael Richardson ◽  
Daniel Stuart Kapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
White Women ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Asian Men

e13531 Background: To examine trends in modifiable behaviorally related cancers among racial groups in the United States. Methods: Data were obtained from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database for all cancers diagnosed between 2001 and 2017. Alcohol-associated cancers, HPV-associated, obesity-associated, physical inactivity-associated, and tobacco-associated were defined using ICD-O-3 site codes. SEER*Stat 8.3.8 and Joinpoint regression program 4.8.0.1 were used to calculate the trends of associated cancers expressed per 100,000. Results: In women, the incidence of all cancers has decreased significantly or remain unchanged for all racial groups in 2017, with the exception of an increase of HPV related cancers in white women (APC = 0.77%, p < 0.001), obesity related cancers in Hispanic women (APC = 0.46%, p < 0.001), and postmenopausal breast cancer in Black and Asian women (APC 0.78%, 1.06%, p < 0.001). The incidence of alcohol, tobacco, obesity, and physical inactivity associated cancer decreased significantly in men for all racial groups in 2017. HPV related cancers increased annually by 3.13% (p < 0.001) in White men and 0.90% in Asian men (p = 0.022). The highest decrease in modifiable factors associated with cancers was in physical inactivity related cancers in black men from the west (APC = -3.79, p < 0.001). The intersection of black race and U.S. region had the highest decreases in all cancers except obesity-related cancers where the intersection of Asian race and Midwest region had the highest decrease. Conclusions: In women, most modifiable factors associated with cancer are decreasing except in obesity related cancers and physical inactivity/obesity related postmenopausal breast cancer. In men, these rates of cancer are decreasing for all racial groups except HPV related cancers in White and Asian men.

Boundaries of Love

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinyere K. Osuji
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
White Women ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Interracial Couples ◽  
White Couples

How do interracial couples negotiate ethnoracial boundaries? Boundaries of Love: Interracial Marriage from the United States to Brazil takes a novel approach to answering this question by examining how contemporary black-white couples make sense of ethnoracial boundaries in their lives. Based on over 100 qualitative interviews with husbands and wives in black-white couples in Los Angeles and Rio de Janeiro, Boundaries of Love unpacks the cultural repertoires of race-mixing in these two post-Atlantic slavery societies and shows how different approaches to race mixture - celebrated in Brazil versus illegal for much of U.S. history - influence the meanings that contemporary interracial couples give to their lives and social interactions. Employing an innovative “critical constructivist” approach to race and ethnicity, Boundaries of Love compares the experiences of couples involving black men and white women with those of black women with white men in these two diverse, multicultural settings. It reveals the influence of ethnoracial boundaries on: dating preferences throughout the life course in their “romantic career;” comparisons between their own racial identity and how their spouse sees their blackness or whiteness; how parents identify their children and its implications for affirmative action eligibility; how white families handle the introduction of a black in-law; and the compromises couples make spending time together in public. Through its fresh qualitative comparative approach, Boundaries of Love provides a unique perspective on racial dynamics in the United States and Brazil and clearly illuminates the familiar adage that race is a social construction.

scholarly journals The demographic divide: Population dynamics, race and the rise of mass incarceration in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Michael C Campbell ◽  
Matt Vogel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Political Conservatism ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Black Populations ◽  
Age Structures

This manuscript examines whether certain fundamental demographic changes in age structures across racial groups might help explain incarceration rates in the United States. We argue that a “demographic divide”—a growing divergence in the age structures of blacks and whites—was an important factor that contributed to the nation’s rising incarceration rates. Where age disparities between blacks and whites were higher ideological conservatism and religious fundamentalism increased, as did incarceration rates. We contend that historical forces shape how groups respond to subsequent social problems and proposed solutions to them and explore how “generational effects” may shape law and policy. Specifically, we suggest that states with older white and younger black populations created fertile conditions for a more punitive brand of politics and penal policy. We analyze decennial state-level data from 1970 to 2010 and examine whether differences in the median ages of blacks and whites contributed to changing incarceration rates within states over time. We situate our findings within the broader scholarship that has engaged the complex links between race, religion, political conservatism, and punishment. Our findings illustrate the importance of accounting for long-term shifts in social structure in understanding more proximate changes in law and policy.

Race and ethnicity II: White women and the possessive geographies of white supremacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bonds
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feminist Scholarship

In this second report on research about race and ethnicity in geography, I build from growing scholarly interest in the geographies of white supremacy to consider white women’s central role in the production and maintenance of white supremacy in the United States. I discuss some of the conceptual approaches and critical interventions of Black and antiracist feminist scholarship in theorizing white supremacy. After reviewing key themes and theoretical insights about gender and white supremacy, I expand on the notion of possessive geographies as a means of examining discourses and rationalizations of ownership and white propertied power. I emphasize the importance of engaging with Black and antiracist feminist scholarship that has long provided the tools necessary for understanding white women and the possessive geographies of white supremacy.

scholarly journals De nieuwe Hendrix : Witheid als scheidslijn in de evaluatie van rockmuziek in Nederland en de Verenigde Staten1

Sociologie ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-145
Author(s):  
Julian Schaap ◽  
Pauwke Berkers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Rock Music ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Racial Boundaries ◽  
Racial Lines ◽  
Other Regarding ◽  
Professional Critics

Abstract Popular music can have a function in the creation of boundaries between groups, particularly regarding race and ethnicity. Music genres such as rock or hip-hop do not only reflect ethno-racial groups, but are often structured along ethno-racial lines. Based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of 577 rock music album reviews, this article investigates (i) to what extent ethno-racial boundaries are (re)produced and/or contested in the critical and consumer reception of rock music in the Netherlands and the United States between 2003 and 2013, (ii) to what extent professional reviewers and consumer reviewers differ from each other regarding ethno-racial classifications in their reception of rock music, and (iii) whether there is a difference between the ethno-racial context of the Netherlands and the United States. Albums by non-white artists tend to receive lower evaluations than those by white artists, particularly when reviewed by consumer critics. Although both types of reviewers often ignore talking about race ‐ echoing a colour-blind ideology, professional critics are more explicit and colour-conscious regarding non-white participation in rock music. Furthermore, five different mechanisms are employed by reviewers as part of ethno-racial boundary work: (i) ethno-racial comparisons, (ii) inter-genre comparisons, (iii) positive ethno-racial marking, (iv) negative ethno-racial marking and (v) minimization and irony.

Declining Racial Stratification in Marriage Choices? Trends in Black/White Status Exchange in the United States, 1980 to 2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Torche ◽  
Peter Rich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
White Women ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Racial Stratification ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Exchange

The status exchange hypothesis suggests that partners in black/white marriages in the United States trade racial for educational status, indicating strong hierarchical barriers between racial groups. The authors examine trends in status exchange in black/white marriages and cohabitations between 1980 and 2010, a period during which these unions increased from 0.3 percent to 1.5 percent of all young couples. The authors find that status exchange between black men and white women did not decline among either marriages or cohabitations, even as interracial unions became more prevalent. The authors also distinguish two factors driving exchange: (1) the growing probability of marrying a white person as educational attainment increases for both blacks and whites (educational boundaries) and (2) a direct trade of race-by-education between partners (dyadic exchange). Although the theoretical interpretation of exchange has focused on the latter factor, the authors show that status exchange largely emerges from the former.

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