scholarly journals HEADS-UP: Understanding and Problem-Solving

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 3375-3381
Author(s):  
Bruce Ovbiagele
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Grant Writing ◽  
Scientific Content ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Racial Ethnic

There are substantial and longstanding inequities in stroke incidence, prevalence, care, and outcomes. The Health Equity and Actionable Disparities in Stroke: Understanding and Problem-Solving (HEADS-UP) symposium is an annual multidisciplinary scientific and educational forum targeting major inequities in cerebrovascular disease, with the ultimate objective of helping to bridge major inequities in stroke, and promptly translating scientific results into routine clinical practice, for the benefit of vulnerable and underserved populations. HEADS-UP is a collaborative undertaking by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the American Stroke Association and is held the day before the annual International Stroke Conference. In 2020, the HEADS-UP focused on the topic of racial/ethnic disparities in stroke and comprised invited lectures on determinants of racial/ethnic inequities in stroke as well as emerging interventions or promising strategies designed to overcome these inequities. Competitively selected travel award scholarships were given to 19 early stage investigators who presented posters at professor moderated sessions; engaged in several career development activities aimed imparting grant writing skills, knowledge about climbing the academic ladder, and striving for work-life balance; and participated in networking events. This Health Equity edition of Focused Updates will feature an overview of the HEADS-UP 2020 symposium proceedings and articles covering the key scientific content of the major lectures delivered during the symposium including the presentation by the award-winning plenary speaker. Starting in 2021, HEADS-UP will expand to include 5 major inequities in stroke (racial/ethnic, sex, geographic, socioeconomic, and global) and seeks to be a viable avenue to meet the health equity goals of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and World Stroke Organization.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Curative Treatment Rates Within Asian and Hispanics in Los Angeles

2017 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. S1197
Author(s):  
Chiranjeevi Gadiparthi ◽  
Rosann Cholankeril ◽  
Eddie L. Copelin ◽  
Mairin Joseph-Talreja ◽  
Muhammad Ali Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Curative Treatment ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Investigating Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Association Between AHEI-2010 and Change in Cystatin C in a Representative Sample of Older Americans

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1015-1015
Author(s):  
Nicholas Bishop ◽  
Jie Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Objectives Cystatin C (Cys C) is a promising biomarker for early-stage chronic kidney disease. Dietary intake plays an essential role in the prevention of kidney function decline, which has yet to be examined in relation to changes in Cys C among older adults. Our objective was to test whether scores on the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) were associated with change in Cys C from 2012–2016 and if this varied by race/ethnicity. Methods Observations were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. Blood spot collection and examination occurred in 2012 and 2016, participant attributes were measured in 2012, and dietary assessment was conducted by a validated dietary frequency questionnaire in 2013. The sample was restricted to respondents aged ≥65 years who were White (n = 789), Black (n = 108), or Hispanic (n = 61) and had biomarkers measured in 2012 and 2016 (n = 958). Serum Cys C (mg/L) was constructed to be equivalent to the 1999–2002 NHANES scale. Dietary quality was measured using AHEI-2010. Autoregressive linear modeling adjusting for covariates and sampling design was used to examine the associations of interest. Results Mean serum Cys C was 1.20 ± 0.44 mg/L (SD) in 2012 and 1.25 ± 0.45 mg/L in 2016, and mean AHEI-2010 score was 58.11 ± 11.0. Greater AHEI-2010 was associated with lower serum Cys C level at baseline (b = −.004, SE = .013, P = .002) and less rapid increase in the Cys C level from 2012–2016 (b = −.003, SE = .012, P = .024). The association between AHEI-2010 and change in serum Cys C was significantly different for Whites and Hispanics (b = .128, SE = .031, P < .001), but null when comparing Whites and Blacks. AHEI-2010 was negatively associated with change in Cys C for Whites, and positively associated with change in Cys C among Hispanics. Stratified analyses suggested that AHEI-2010 was not significantly different for Whites and Hispanics. Hispanics had significantly lower household income, assets, and educational attainment than Whites, and greater levels of food insecurity. Conclusions Our results indicate that dietary quality has a divergent association with change in serum Cys C for White and Hispanic older adults. These results suggest the need for examination of how disparities in socioeconomic status may influence the effect of dietary intake on kidney function for older adults from different racial/ethnic backgrounds. Funding Sources No funding.

Racial/ethnic disparities in lung cancer stage of diagnosis and survival

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8080-8080
Author(s):  
L. E. Raez ◽  
T. Koru-Sengul ◽  
G. Allen ◽  
J. Clarke ◽  
E. S. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cox Regression Model ◽  
Referent Group ◽  
Racial Ethnic

8080 Background: There are differences in the treatment outcome of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts) between non-Hispanic whites (NHW) and African Americans (AA). Little is known regarding the outcomes of Hispanics (H). Methods: Registry data on 2,696 pts with NSCLC treated during 1999–2006 was obtained. The objective of the study was to evaluate differences in NSCLC survival according to different ethnicities. Chi-square was used to compare distribution of tumor stage. Survival curves were compared using log-rank test for each of the tumor stages. Adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were reported based on the results of a multivariate Cox regression model for overall survival (OS) with adjustment for gender, age at diagnosis, and race. Results: Most pts had stage III/IV at diagnosis; majority of the AA or HW presented in advanced stage compared with NHW. Significantly higher proportions of AA and H were diagnosed with stage IV compared to NHW ( Table ). Mean age at diagnosis was 62 yrs (AA 58, H 60, and NHW 66yrs) and it was significantly different among the 3 groups (one-way ANOVA, p<0.0001). AA and H have significantly shorter stage-specific median survival for early stage compared to that in NHW ( Table ). In pts with advanced stages the pattern was similar: AA and H have a significantly shorter median survival than that in NHW. In early-stage pts, significant predictors for OS from multivariate Cox regression model were female gender (AHR=0.65; p<0.001), AA (NHW as the referent group; AHR=2.67; p<0.0001), and H (NHW as the referent group; AHR=2.01; p<0.0001). In late-stage pts, significant predictors for OS were female gender (AHR=0.79; p=0.0002), AA (NHW as the referent group; AHR=1.53; p<0.0001, and H (NHW as the referent group; AHR=1.28; p=0.0006). Conclusions: NHW pts had better OS than H and AA; we will evaluate whether gene expression profiles or presence of EGFR overexpression have an impact on racial/ethnic disparities in the outcome of NSCLC. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health of Adults in the United States: A 20-Year National Health Interview Survey Analysis, 1999-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwani Mahajan ◽  
César Caraballo ◽  
Yuan Lu ◽  
Dorothy Massey ◽  
Karthik Murugiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Insufficient Sleep ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hispanic White

ABSTRACTImportanceThirty-five years ago, the Heckler Report described health disparities among minority populations in the US. Since then, policies have been implemented to address these disparities. However, a recent evaluation of progress towards improving the health and health equity among US adults is lacking.ObjectivesTo evaluate racial/ethnic disparities in the physical and mental health of US adults over the last 2 decades.DesignCross-sectional.SettingNational Health Interview Survey data, years 1999–2018.ParticipantsAdults aged 18–85 years.ExposureRace/ethnicity subgroups (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, Hispanic).Main outcome and measuresProportion of adults reporting poor/fair health status, severe psychological distress, functional limitation, and insufficient sleep. We also estimated the gap between non-Hispanic White and the other subgroups for these four outcomes.ResultsWe included 596,355 adults (mean age 46 years, 51.8% women), of which 69.7%, 13.8%, 11.8% and 4.7% identified as non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic Asian, respectively. Between 1999 and 2018, Black individuals fared worse on most measures of health, with 18.7% (95% CI 17.1–20.4) and 41.1% (95% CI 38.7–43.5) reporting poor/fair health and insufficient sleep in 2018 compared with 11.1% (95% CI 10.5– 11.7) and 31.2% (95% CI 30.3–32.1) among White individuals. Notably, between 1999–2018, there was no significant decrease in the gap in poor/fair health status between White individuals and Black (−0.07% per year, 95% CI −0.16–0.01) and Hispanic (−0.03% per year, 95% CI −0.07– 0.02) individuals, and an increase in the gap in sleep between White individuals and Black (+0.2% per year, 95% CI 0.1–0.4) and Hispanic (+0.3% per year, 95% CI 0.1–0.4) individuals. Additionally, there was no significant decrease in adults reporting poor/fair health status and an increase in adults reporting severe psychological distress, functional limitation, and insufficient sleep.Conclusions and RelevanceThe marked racial/ethnic disparities in health of US adults have not improved over the last 20 years. Moreover, the self-perceived health of US adults worsened during this time. These findings highlight the need to re-examine the initiatives seeking to promote health equity and improve health.

scholarly journals Grant application outcomes for biomedical researchers who participated in the National Research Mentoring Network’s Grant Writing Coaching Programs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241851
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Weber-Main ◽  
Richard McGee ◽  
Kristin Eide Boman ◽  
Japera Hemming ◽  
Meldra Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Grant Writing ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Grant Application ◽  
Research Mentoring ◽  
Research Workforce ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background A diverse research workforce is essential for catalyzing biomedical advancements, but this workforce goal is hindered by persistent sex and racial/ethnic disparities among investigators receiving research grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In response, the NIH-funded National Research Mentoring Network implemented a Grant Writing Coaching Program (GCP) to provide diverse cohorts of early-career investigators across the United States with intensive coaching throughout the proposal development process. We evaluated the GCP’s national reach and short-term impact on participants’ proposal submissions and funding outcomes. Methods The GCP was delivered as six similar but distinct models. All models began with an in-person group session, followed by a series of coaching sessions over 4 to 12 months. Participants were surveyed at 6-, 12- and 18-months after program completion to assess proposal outcomes (submissions, awards). Self-reported data were verified and supplemented by searches of public repositories of awarded grants when available. Submission and award rates were derived from counts of participants who submitted or were awarded at least one grant proposal in a category (NIH, other federal, non-federal). Results From June 2015 through March 2019, 545 investigators (67% female, 61% under-represented racial/ethnic minority, URM) from 187 different institutions participated in the GCP. Among them, 324 (59% of participants) submitted at least one grant application and 134 (41% of submitters) received funding. A total of 164 grants were awarded, the majority being from the NIH (93, 56%). Of the 74 R01 (or similar) NIH research proposals submitted by GCP participants, 16 have been funded thus far (56% to URM, 75% to women). This 22% award rate exceeded the 2016–2018 NIH success rates for new R01s. Conclusion Inter- and intra-institutional grant writing coaching groups are a feasible and effective approach to supporting the grant acquisition efforts of early-career biomedical investigators, including women and those from URM groups.

scholarly journals Using a Virtual Community (the Health Equity Learning Collaboratory) to Support Early-Stage Investigators Pursuing Grant Funding

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2408
Author(s):  
Meldra Hall ◽  
Jeffrey Engler ◽  
Japera Hemming ◽  
Ernest Alema-Mensah ◽  
Adriana Baez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Grant Writing ◽  
Coaching Model ◽  
Constructive Feedback ◽  
Research Mentoring ◽  
Significant Difference

Junior investigators often have limited access to networks of scientific experts and resources that facilitate competitive grant submissions. Since environments in which scientists are trained are critically important for long-term success, we built and tested a virtual environment for early-stage investigators (ESIs) working on grant proposals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the virtual community’s influence on grant submission patterns among participants from underrepresented groups. As part of a grant writing coaching model, junior investigators were recruited into a professional development program designed to develop competitive grantsmanship skills. Designed by the Research Resources and Outreach Core (RROC) of the National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN), the Health Equity Learning Collaboratory (EQ-Collaboratory) provided a virtual community for social support, accountability, constructive feedback, and access to peer networks to help investigators overcome barriers to grant submission. This study assessed differences in outcomes for participants who completed the training within the EQ-Collaboratory compared to those who did not. The analyzed data revealed a statistically significant difference in the average time to submission for participants enrolled in the EQ-Collaboratory. EQ-Collaboratory ESIs submitted proposals 148.6 days earlier, (p < 0.0001). The results suggest that a supportive virtual environment can help investigators more quickly overcome barriers to grant submission.

scholarly journals Inaugural Health Equity and Actionable Disparities in Stroke: Understanding and Problem-Solving Symposium

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 3382-3391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amytis Towfighi ◽  
Richard T. Benson ◽  
Raelle Tagge ◽  
Claudia S. Moy ◽  
Clinton B. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Underrepresented Minority ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Research Findings

Race/ethnic minorities face significant inequities in stroke incidence, prevalence, care, and outcomes. The Health Equity and Actionable Disparities in Stroke: Understanding and Problem-solving symposium, a collaborative initiative of the American Heart Association and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, was the first-ever annual multidisciplinary scientific forum focused on race/ethnic inequities in cerebrovascular disease, with the overarching goal of reducing inequities in stroke and accelerating the translation of research findings to improve outcomes for race/ethnic minorities. The symposium featured esteemed invited plenary speakers, lecturing on determinants of race/ethnic inequities in stroke and interventions aimed at redressing the inequities. The Edgar J. Kenton III Award recognized Ralph Sacco, MD, MS, for his lifetime contributions to investigation, management, mentorship, and community service in the field of stroke inequities. Early career investigators were provided with travel awards to attend the symposium; presented their research at moderated poster and Think Tank sessions; received career development advice at the Building Momentum session; and networked with experienced stroke inequities researchers. Future conferences—The Health Equity and Actionable Disparities in Stroke: Understanding and Problem-solving 2021 to 2024—will broaden the focus to include 5 major persistent inequities (race/ethnic, sex, geographic, socioeconomic, and global). Each year will focus on a different theme (community and stakeholder engagement; clinical trials; implementation science; and policy and dissemination). By fostering a community of stroke inequities researchers, we hope to highlight promising work, illuminate research gaps, facilitate networking, inform policy makers, recognize achievement, inspire greater interest among junior investigators to pursue careers in this field, and provide networking opportunities for underrepresented minority scientists.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Differences in Poststroke Rehabilitation Outcomes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Ellis ◽  
Hyacinth I. Hyacinth ◽  
Jamie Beckett ◽  
Wuwei Feng ◽  
Marc Chimowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Publishing Research ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background. Significant racial and ethnic disparities in stroke incidence, severity, and morbidity have been consistently reported; however, less is known about potential differences in poststroke rehabilitation outcomes.Objective. To examine racial and ethnic differences in poststroke rehabilitation outcomes.Methods. We completed an in-depth search of Medline and several major journals dedicated to publishing research articles on stroke, rehabilitation, and racial-ethnic patterns of disease over a 10-year period (2003–2012). We identified studies that reported rehabilitation outcomes and the race or ethnicity of at least two groups.Results. 17 studies involving 429,108 stroke survivors met inclusion criteria for the review. The majority (94%) of studies examined outcomes between Blacks and Whites. Of those studies examining outcomes between Blacks and Whites, 59% showed that Blacks were generally less likely to achieve equivalent functional improvement following rehabilitation. Blacks were more likely to experience lower FIM gain or change scores (range: 1–60%) and more likely to have lower efficiency scores (range: 5–16%) than Whites.Conclusions. Black stroke survivors appear to generally achieve poorer functional outcomes than White stroke survivors. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the precise magnitude of these differences, whether they go beyond chance, and the underlying contributory mechanisms.

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