scholarly journals Dynamic Regional Brain Atrophy Rates in the First Year After Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Brodtmann ◽  
Mohamed Salah Khlif ◽  
Natalia Egorova ◽  
Michele Veldsman ◽  
Laura J. Bird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
First Year ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Regional Brain

Background and Purpose: Brain atrophy can be regarded as an end-organ effect of cumulative cardiovascular risk factors. Accelerated brain atrophy is described following ischemic stroke, but it is not known whether atrophy rates vary over the poststroke period. Examining rates of brain atrophy allows the identification of potential therapeutic windows for interventions to prevent poststroke brain atrophy. Methods: We charted total and regional brain volume and cortical thickness trajectories, comparing atrophy rates over 2 time periods in the first year after ischemic stroke: within 3 months (early period) and between 3 and 12 months (later period). Patients with first-ever or recurrent ischemic stroke were recruited from 3 Melbourne hospitals at 1 of 2 poststroke time points: within 6 weeks (baseline) or 3 months. Whole-brain 3T magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3 time points: baseline, 3 months, and 12 months. Eighty-six stroke participants completed testing at baseline; 125 at 3 months (76 baseline follow-up plus 49 delayed recruitment); and 113 participants at 12 months. Their data were compared with 40 healthy control participants with identical testing. We examined 5 brain measures: hippocampal volume, thalamic volume, total brain and hemispheric brain volume, and cortical thickness. We tested whether brain atrophy rates differed between time points and groups. A linear mixed-effect model was used to compare brain structural changes, including age, sex, years of education, a composite cerebrovascular risk factor score, and total intracranial volume as covariates. Results: Atrophy rates were greater in stroke than control participants. Ipsilesional hemispheric, hippocampal, and thalamic atrophy rates were 2 to 4 times greater in the early versus later period. Conclusions: Regional atrophy rates vary over the first year after stroke. Rapid brain volume loss in the first 3 months after stroke may represent a potential window for intervention. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02205424.

IC-P-077: IMAGING VASCULAR NEURODEGENERATION: REGIONAL BRAIN ATROPHY IN THE FIRST YEAR AFTER ISCHEMIC STROKE

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_1) ◽  
pp. P68-P69
Author(s):  
Amy Brodtmann ◽  
Emilio Werden ◽  
Mohamed Khlif ◽  
Michele Veldsman ◽  
Will Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
First Year ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Regional Brain Atrophy

Brain Volume Loss During the First Year of Interferon-Beta Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis: Baseline Inflammation and Regional Brain Volume Dynamics

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Vidal-Jordana ◽  
Jaume Sastre-Garriga ◽  
Francisco Pérez-Miralles ◽  
Deborah Pareto ◽  
Jordi Rio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Interferon Beta ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
First Year ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Brain Volume Loss ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Regional Brain Volume

Variation in Cervical Length over Time during a Single Transvaginal Ultrasound Examination

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (08) ◽  
pp. 781-784
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Connolly ◽  
Luciana Vieira ◽  
Elizabeth M. Yoselevsky ◽  
Stephanie Pan ◽  
Joanne L. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective To quantify the degree of change in cervical length (CL) over a 3-minute transvaginal ultrasound. Study Design We conducted a prospective observational study of nulliparous patients who underwent routine transvaginal CL screening at the time of their second-trimester ultrasound. We recorded CL at four time points (0, 1, 2, 3 minutes) and compared these values to determine the minute-to-minute change within a single patient. Results A total of 771 patients were included. The mean gestational age was 20.8 weeks (±0.84). We used a linear mixed effect model to assess if each minute during the ultrasound is associated with a change in CL. The intraclass correlation coefficient between minute 0 to minute 3 was 0.82 (95% confidence interval: 0.80, 0.84). This indicates that there is a relatively high within-patient correlation in CL during their ultrasound. Additionally, we stratified patients based on their starting CL; the intraclass correlation coefficient remained high for all groups. We additionally compared CL at each minute. Although there is a statistically significant difference between several time points, the actual difference is small and not clinically meaningful. Conclusion The variation in CL over a 3-minute transvaginal ultrasound examination is not clinically significant. It may be reasonable to conduct this examination over a shorter period.

scholarly journals Reduced parenchymal cerebral blood flow is associated with greater progression of brain atrophy: The SMART-MR study

2020 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2094861
Author(s):  
Rashid Ghaznawi ◽  
Maarten HT Zwartbol ◽  
Nicolaas PA Zuithoff ◽  
Jeroen de Bresser ◽  
Jeroen Hendrikse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Parenchymal ◽  
Mr Study

Global cerebral hypoperfusion may be involved in the aetiology of brain atrophy; however, long-term longitudinal studies on this relationship are lacking. We examined whether reduced cerebral blood flow was associated with greater progression of brain atrophy. Data of 1165 patients (61 ± 10 years) from the SMART-MR study, a prospective cohort study of patients with arterial disease, were used of whom 689 participated after 4 years and 297 again after 12 years. Attrition was substantial. Total brain volume and total cerebral blood flow were obtained from magnetic resonance imaging scans and expressed as brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and parenchymal cerebral blood flow (pCBF). Mean decrease in BPF per year was 0.22% total intracranial volume (95% CI: –0.23 to –0.21). Mean decrease in pCBF per year was 0.24 ml/min per 100 ml brain volume (95% CI: –0.29 to –0.20). Using linear mixed models, lower pCBF at baseline was associated with a greater decrease in BPF over time ( p =  0.01). Lower baseline BPF, however, was not associated with a greater decrease in pCBF ( p =  0.43). These findings indicate that reduced cerebral blood flow is associated with greater progression of brain atrophy and provide further support for a role of cerebral blood flow in the process of neurodegeneration.

Abstract P64: Longitudinal Brain Structural Changes After Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle C Kern ◽  
Clinton B Wright ◽  
Richard Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Post Stroke

Background: Stroke causes focal and diffuse structural brain changes that may contribute to subsequent cognitive decline and dementia. We hypothesize that MRI structural measures can detect continued cerebral degeneration over the first year after stroke. We identify predictors for progression of brain atrophy, leukoaraiosis and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics. Methods: Patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled prospectively in an observational study that included serial brain MRI. Patients underwent MRI FLAIR and DTI at the time of acute stroke and were followed for at least 9 months with multiple MRIs between 30 days and 15 months post-stroke. We used FLAIR to measure brain atrophy as the percent brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) of the total intracranial volume (TICV) and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) as a percentage of TICV. DTI was used to calculate Peak Skeletonized Mean Diffusivity (PSMD), a global measure of white matter integrity previously validated in cerebral small vessel disease. Longitudinal changes in BPF, WMHV or PSMD were measured from 30 days post-stroke onward using linear regression models that included age, stroke volume, baseline BPF and WMHV as predictors. Results: Twenty-six patients had a median of 4 follow-ups over 9-15 months. Median age was 74 years (range 51-84) and 38% were women. Mean stroke volume was 4.5cc (0 - 30cc). Mean BPF was 78% (72 - 86%) and mean baseline WMHV was 1.1% (0.1 - 3.9%). BPF was associated with age and declined by 0.7% per year (t(111) = 2.7, p = 0.007). Progression was associated with baseline BPF (t(111) = -3.4, p < 0.001). WMHV in the non-stroke hemisphere was associated with age and increased by 0.10% per year (t(87) = -5.8, p < 0.001). Accumulation was associated with age (t(87) = 5.8, p < 0.001). PSMD was associated with baseline WMHV and had a relative increase of 1.9% per year in the non-stroke hemisphere and 4.5% in the stroke hemisphere (t(174) = -2.1, p = 0.03). Progression was associated with age (t(174) = 2.3, p = 0.03) and stroke volume (t(174) = 2.4, p = 0.02). Conclusions: During the months after ischemic stroke, BPF, WMHV and PSMD can detect persistent structural changes that may reflect later phases of stroke injury or ongoing contributions of aging, silent ischemia, or neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Voxel and surface based whole brain analysis shows reading skill associated grey matter abnormalities in dyslexia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teija Kujala ◽  
Aleksi J. Sihvonen ◽  
Anja Thiede ◽  
Peter Palo-oja ◽  
Paula Virtala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Total Brain

AbstractDevelopmental dyslexia (DD) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with a substantial negative influence on the individual’s academic achievement and career. Research on its neuroanatomical origins has continued for half a century, yielding, however, inconsistent results, lowered total brain volume being the most consistent finding. We set out to evaluate the grey matter (GM) volume and cortical abnormalities in adult dyslexic individuals, employing a combination of whole-brain voxel- and surface-based morphometry following current recommendations on analysis approaches, coupled with rigorous neuropsychological testing. Whilst controlling for age, sex, total intracranial volume, and performance IQ, we found both decreased GM volume and cortical thickness in the left insula in participants with DD. Moreover, they had decreased GM volume in left superior temporal gyrus, putamen, globus pallidus, and parahippocampal gyrus. Higher GM volumes and cortical thickness in these areas correlated with better reading and phonological skills, deficits of which are pivotal to DD. Crucially, total brain volume did not influence our results, since it did not differ between the groups. Our findings demonstrating abnormalities in brain areas in individuals with DD, which previously were associated with phonological processing, are compatible with the leading hypotheses on the neurocognitive origins of DD.

scholarly journals Classification of First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients and Healthy Subjects by Automated MRI Measures of Regional Brain Volume and Cortical Thickness

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e21047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichiro Takayanagi ◽  
Tsutomu Takahashi ◽  
Lina Orikabe ◽  
Yuriko Mozue ◽  
Yasuhiro Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Regional Brain Volume

scholarly journals Reading-Skill Associated Grey Matter Abnormalities in Dyslexia: Voxel- and Surface-Based Whole-Brain Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teija Kujala ◽  
Aleksi Sihvonen ◽  
Anja Thiede ◽  
Peter Palo-Oja ◽  
Paula Virtala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Total Brain

Abstract Developmental dyslexia (DD) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with a substantial negative influence on the individual’s academic achievement and career. Research on its neuroanatomical origins has continued for half a century, yielding, however, inconsistent results, lowered total brain volume being the most consistent finding. We set out to evaluate the grey matter (GM) volume and cortical abnormalities in adult dyslexic individuals, employing a combination of whole-brain voxel- and surface-based morphometry following current recommendations on analysis approaches, coupled with rigorous neuropsychological testing. Whilst controlling for age, sex, total intracranial volume, and performance IQ, we found both decreased GM volume and cortical thickness in the left insula in participants with DD. Moreover, they had decreased GM volume in left superior temporal gyrus, putamen, globus pallidus, and parahippocampal gyrus. Higher GM volumes and cortical thickness in these areas correlated with better reading and phonological skills, deficits of which are pivotal to DD. Crucially, total brain volume did not influence our results, since it did not differ between the groups. Our findings demonstrating abnormalities in brain areas in individuals with DD, which previously were associated with phonological processing, are compatible with the leading hypotheses on the neurocognitive origins of DD.

Clinical impact of early brain atrophy in clinically isolated syndromes

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 1878-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Pérez-Miralles ◽  
J Sastre-Garriga ◽  
M Tintoré ◽  
G Arrambide ◽  
C Nos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
First Year ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
Brain Volume Loss ◽  
Clinical Onset ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of global and tissue-specific brain atrophy on conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS) after a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is not fully gauged. Objectives: We aimed to determine the magnitude and clinical relevance of brain volume dynamics in the first year after a CIS. Methods: We assessed 176 patients with CIS within 3 months of onset, clinically and by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, at baseline and 1 year after clinical onset. We determined the percentage of brain volume change (PBVC) and the brain parenchymal (BPF), grey matter (GMF) and white matter (WMF) fractions. Results: The mean follow-up time was 53 months (SD = 16.8): 76 patients (43%) experienced a second attack, 32 (18%) fulfilled MRI-only 2005 McDonald criteria and 68 (39%) remained as CIS. Statistically significant decreases in the volume measures tested were observed in patients with a second attack, for BPF and PBVC; in both MS groups for GMF; whereas in all groups, the WMF was unchanged. Patients with a second attack had larger PBVC decreases (− 0.65% versus + 0.059%; p < 0.001). PBVC decreases below − 0.817% independently predicted shorter times to a second attack. Conclusions: Global brain and grey matter volume loss occurred within the first year after a CIS; brain volume loss predicted conversion to MS.

scholarly journals Brain atrophy and endovascular treatment effect in acute ischemic stroke: a secondary analysis of the MR CLEAN trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 174749302110549
Author(s):  
Sven PR Luijten ◽  
Kars CJ Compagne ◽  
Adriaan CGM van Es ◽  
Yvo BWEM Roos ◽  
Charles BLM Majoie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Lower Range ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Mr Clean

Background Brain atrophy is suggested to impair the potential for functional recovery after acute ischemic stroke. We assessed whether the effect of endovascular treatment is modified by brain atrophy in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. Methods We used data from MR CLEAN, a multicenter trial including patients with acute ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion randomized to endovascular treatment plus medical care (intervention) versus medical care alone (control). We segmented total brain volume (TBV) and intracranial volume (ICV) on baseline non-contrast computed tomography (n = 410). Next, we determined the degree of atrophy as the proportion of brain volume in relation to head size (1 − TBV/ICV) × 100%, analyzed as continuous variable and in tertiles. The primary outcome was a shift towards better functional outcome on the modified Rankin Scale expressed as adjusted common odds ratio. Treatment effect modification was tested using an interaction term between brain atrophy (as continuous variable) and treatment allocation. Results We found that brain atrophy significantly modified the effect of endovascular treatment on functional outcome (P for interaction = 0.04). Endovascular treatment led to larger shifts towards better functional outcome in the higher compared to the lower range of atrophy (adjusted common odds ratio, 1.86 [95% CI: 0.97–3.56] in the lowest tertile vs. 1.97 [95% CI: 1.03–3.74] in the middle tertile vs. 3.15 [95% CI: 1.59–6.24] in the highest tertile). Conclusion Benefit of endovascular treatment is larger in the higher compared to the lower range of atrophy, demonstrating that advanced atrophy should not be used as an argument to withhold endovascular treatment.

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