scholarly journals Psychobiological Correlates of Aggression in Female Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Marialuisa Cavelti ◽  
Lena Rinnewitz ◽  
Moritz Walter ◽  
Patrice van der Venne ◽  
Peter Parzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Healthy Control

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Aggressive behavior in reaction to threats, frustration, or provocation is prevalent in borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study investigated aggressive behavior and its biological correlates in adolescents with BPD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty-one female adolescents with a DSM-IV BPD diagnosis and 25 sex- and age-matched healthy controls participated in the Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP), a laboratory-based experiment measuring aggressive behavior in the interpersonal context. Heart rate was measured and saliva samples were taken throughout the experiment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analyses revealed no significant group difference in aggressive behavior induced by the TAP. Additionally, the two groups did not differ in cortisol, testosterone, and heart rate responses to the aggression induction. The BPD group showed a significant cortisol increase in the time preceding the start of the TAP in contrast to the healthy control group, in whom a significant heart rate increase from baseline to the first block of the TAP was observed. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> There was no evidence, either at the phenomenological or the biological level, of increased task-induced aggression in adolescents with BPD. The results may indicate that adolescents with BPD experienced fearful stress in anticipation of the experimental task in contrast to healthy controls who showed an adaptive response of the autonomic nervous system necessary to deal with the upcoming demand.

scholarly journals Mentalizing Based on External Features in Borderline Personality Disorder Compared With Healthy Controls: The Role of Attachment Dimensions and Childhood Trauma

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 736-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn Van Heel ◽  
Patrick Luyten ◽  
Celine De Meulemeester ◽  
Dominique Vanwalleghem ◽  
Rudi Vermote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

Extant research suggests that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with impairments in mentalizing, that is, comprehending behavior in terms of underlying mental states. However, the precise nature of these impairments remains unclear. The literature is mixed concerning mental-izing based on external features of others, and specifically facial emotion recognition (FER) in BPD patients. This study investigated FER differences in 79 BPD patients and 79 matched healthy controls using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). The authors also investigated attachment dimensions and childhood trauma in relation to mentalizing based on external features. Results showed that BPD patients performed worse on positive and negative emotions. Furthermore, avoidant attachment was negatively related to FER for neutral emotions, particularly in the control group. Trauma was negatively related to FER at trend level, particularly in BPD patients. The implications for this understanding of mentalizing based on external features in BPD are discussed.

scholarly journals Implicit and Explicit Mentalizing Deficits in Adolescent Inpatients: Specificity and Incremental Value of Borderline Pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement B) ◽  
pp. 64-83
Author(s):  
Francesca Penner ◽  
Veronica McLaren ◽  
Jacob Leavitt ◽  
Omer Faruk Akca ◽  
Carla Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Incremental Value ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Adolescent Inpatients ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Research has demonstrated mentalizing impairment associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescents. However, mentalizing performance in adolescents with BPD has never been compared to that of psychiatric control and healthy control adolescents simultaneously. The present study aimed to (a) compare implicit and explicit mentalizing, and hypermentalizing errors in implicit mentalizing, across youth with BPD and psychiatric and healthy controls, and (b) evaluate the association of borderline features with mentalizing deficits over and above internalizing and externalizing. Psychiatric inpatients with BPD (n = 139), inpatient psychiatric controls (n = 310), and healthy adolescents (n = 134) completed two mentalizing tasks, an interview assessing BPD, and measures of psychopathology. Results showed that BPD specificity could be demonstrated only for implicit mentalizing and hypermentalizing. Explicit mentalizing deficits did not differ between BPD and psychiatric control groups. Borderline features had unique associations to implicit mentalizing and hypermentalizing, over and above internalizing and externalizing.

scholarly journals Hedonic and disgust taste perception in borderline personality disorder and depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Arrondo ◽  
Graham K. Murray ◽  
Emma Hill ◽  
Bence Szalma ◽  
Krishna Yathiraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Depression Group

SummaryDepression and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are both thought to be accompanied by alterations in the subjective experience of environmental rewards. We evaluated responses in women to sweet, bitter and neutral tastes (juice, quinine and water): 29 with depression, 17 with BPD and 27 healthy controls. The BPD group gave lower pleasantness and higher disgust ratings for quinine and juice compared with the control group; the depression group did not differ significantly from the control group. Juice disgust ratings were related to self-disgust in BPD, suggesting close links between abnormal sensory processing and self-identity in BPD.

scholarly journals Emotion regulation, mindfulness, and self-compassion among patients with borderline personality disorder, compared to healthy control subjects

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248409
Author(s):  
Ella Salgó ◽  
Liliána Szeghalmi ◽  
Bettina Bajzát ◽  
Eszter Berán ◽  
Zsolt Unoka
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Objectives Emotion regulation difficulties are a major characteristic of personality disorders. Our study investigated emotion regulation difficulties that are characteristic of borderline personality disorder (BPD), compared to a healthy control group. Methods Patients with BPD (N = 59) and healthy participants (N = 70) filled out four self-report questionnaires (Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Self-Compassion Scale) that measured the presence or lack of different emotion-regulation strategies. Differences between the BPD and the healthy control group were investigated by Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and univariate post-hoc F-test statistics. Results People suffering from BPD had statistically significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of emotional dysregulation and used more maladaptive emotion-regulation strategies, as well as lower levels of mindfulness and self-compassion compared to the HC group. Conclusion In comparison to a healthy control group, BPD patients show deficits in the following areas: mindfulness, self-compassion and adaptive emotion-regulation strategies. Based on these results, we suggest that teaching emotion-regulation, mindfulness, and self-compassion skills to patients can be crucial in the treatment of borderline personality disorder.

scholarly journals Impact of a Mechanism-Based Anti-Aggression Psychotherapy on Behavioral Mechanisms of Aggression in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Honecker ◽  
Katja Bertsch ◽  
Karen Spieß ◽  
Marlene Krauch ◽  
Nikolaus Kleindienst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Reactive Aggression ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Overt Aggression ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Response Latencies

Introduction: Aggressive behavior is highly prevalent in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and represents a major burden for patients and their environment. Previous studies have hypothesized threat hypersensitivity, among other mechanisms, as a biobehavioral mechanism underlying aggressive behavior in patients with BPD. The effects of a 6-week mechanism-based anti-aggression psychotherapy (MAAP) for the group setting were tested in comparison to the effects of a non-specific supportive psychotherapy (NSSP) on this hypothesized mechanism and their relation to the effects on aggressive behavior.Methods: To assess mechanisms of reactive aggression, 38 patients with BPD (20 in MAAP and 18 in NSSP) and 24 healthy controls participated in an emotion classification task before and after therapy or at a similar interval of 7 weeks for controls, respectively. In addition, current reactive aggressive behavior was assessed by the externally directed overt aggression score of the Overt Aggression Scale Modified (OAS-M) at both time points. Mixed linear models were used to test for group differences and differential treatment effects.Results: Consistent with previous findings, patients showed longer response latencies and misclassified faces as angry more often than healthy controls. Comparing pre- and post-treatment measurements, the MAAP group showed an increase in response latency in classifying angry faces, whereas the NSSP group showed a decrease in latency. Furthermore, the difference between pre- and post-treatment response latencies in classifying emotional faces correlated with the reductions in reactive aggression in the MAAP group, but not in the NSSP group or healthy controls.Conclusion: The results suggest an impact of MAAP on threat sensitivity as well as cognitive control, which has also been previously hypothesized as a biobehavioral mechanism underlying reactive aggression in patients with BPD. In addition, our findings shed light on the importance of these two biobehavioral mechanisms underlying reactive aggression as mechanisms of change addressed by MAAP. Further studies are needed to determine whether the behavioral change is stable over time and to what extent this change is related to a stable reduction in reactive aggression in a larger group of patients with BPD.

scholarly journals Psychosocial stress increases testosterone in patients with borderline personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and healthy participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian E. Deuter ◽  
Moritz Duesenberg ◽  
Julian Hellmann-Regen ◽  
Sophie Metz ◽  
Stefan Roepke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Testosterone Metabolism ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Background The gonadal hormone testosterone not only regulates sexual behavior but is also involved in social behavior and cognition in both sexes. Changes in testosterone secretion in response to stress have been reported. In addition, stress associated mental disorders such as borderline personality disorder (BPD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are characterized by alterations in basal testosterone metabolism. However, testosterone changes to stress have not been investigated in mental disorders such as BPD and PTSD so far. Methods In the study described, we investigated testosterone reactivity to an acute psychosocial stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Our sample consisted of young adult women with BPD (n = 28), PTSD (n = 22) or both disorders (n = 22), and healthy control (n = 51). Based on previous studies on basal testosterone secretion in these disorders, we expected the stress-associated testosterone reactivity to be higher in the BPD group and lower in the PTSD group, when compared to the healthy control group. Results The study could demonstrate an increase in testosterone after acute stress exposure across all groups and independent of BPD or PTSD status. Different possible explanations for the absence of a group effect are discussed. Conclusions From the results of this study, we conclude that stress-related changes in testosterone release are not affected by BPD or PTSD status in a female patient population. This study expands the knowledge about changes in gonadal hormones and stress reactivity in these disorders.

Shame in Borderline Personality Disorder: Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement A) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Tzipi Buchman-Wildbaum ◽  
Zsolt Unoka ◽  
Robert Dudas ◽  
Gabriella Vizin ◽  
Zsolt Demetrovics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Moderator Variables ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Ptsd Symptomatology

Shame has been found to be a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). To date, there is no existing systematic review or meta-analysis examining shame in individuals with BPD as compared to healthy controls (HCs). A meta-analysis of 10 studies comparing reported shame in BPD patients to HCs was carried out. Demographic and clinical moderator variables were included to see if they have a relationship with the effect size. Results showed that those with BPD had more reported shame than healthy controls. In addition, in BPD patients and HCs, higher education level was related to lower reported shame. In HCs, it was found that those who were younger reported a higher level of shame. Finally, among BPD patients, there was a relationship between levels of reported shame and elevated PTSD symptomatology. These findings emphasize the clinical relevance of shame in individuals with BPD and the need to formulate psychotherapeutic strategies that target and decrease shame.

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