Analysis of Cross-Reactivity and Allergic Symptoms of 19 Allergens: Results from NHANES 2005–2006

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhi-Ling Zhu ◽  
Ying-Xing Wu ◽  
Zhu-Ping Zhang ◽  
Song Li
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Allergic Symptoms ◽  
Allergen Sources ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Using Data

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> We explored the cross-reactivity among 19 common allergen sources and evaluated the influence of serum IgE concentrations and the number of sensitized allergens on the incidence of allergic symptoms. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted this cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006 which is a program of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the USA. After excluding participants with missing data from the allergen IgE test, allergy questionnaire, and respiratory health questionnaire, a total of 7,224 participants aged 6 years and older were included, as children younger than 6 years old did not complete all 19 allergen-specific IgE tests. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the cross-reactivity between allergen sources. An independent sample Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to investigate the relationship between the serum-specific IgE levels of 19 allergens and the incidence of allergic symptoms. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The cross-reactivity between <i>D. farinae</i> and <i>D. pteronyssinus</i> was the strongest (ρ = 0.88), and cross-reactivity of cross-species was universal. With the increase in serum-specific IgE levels of <i>D. farinae</i>, <i>D. pteronyssinus</i>, oak, and birch, the incidence of sneezing increased (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). With the increase in serum-specific IgE levels of cats, dogs, peanuts, <i>Aspergillus</i>, and <i>Alternaria</i>, the incidence of wheezing increased (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). The incidence of rash was positively correlated with serum-specific IgE levels of <i>D. farinae</i>, <i>D. pteronyssinus</i>, shrimp, and peanut (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). The incidence of wheezing continued to increase with an increase in sensitized allergens. When participants were sensitized to &#x3c;10 allergens, the incidence of sneezing continued to increase as the number of sensitized allergens increased, whereas the incidence of rash did not have a clear association with the number of sensitized allergens. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Species that are biologically close are more likely to have antigen cross-reactivity, while cross-reactivity among different species is common. Different allergens tend to cause different allergic symptoms. Different allergic sites in the body have inconsistent responses to the number of sensitized allergens.

scholarly journals Petiole-Lamina Transition Zone: A Functionally Crucial but Often Overlooked Leaf Trait

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Max Langer ◽  
Thomas Speck ◽  
Olga Speck
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
The Cross

Although both the petiole and lamina of foliage leaves have been thoroughly studied, the transition zone between them has often been overlooked. We aimed to identify objectively measurable morphological and anatomical criteria for a generally valid definition of the petiole–lamina transition zone by comparing foliage leaves with various body plans (monocotyledons vs. dicotyledons) and spatial arrangements of petiole and lamina (two-dimensional vs. three-dimensional configurations). Cross-sectional geometry and tissue arrangement of petioles and transition zones were investigated via serial thin-sections and µCT. The changes in the cross-sectional geometries from the petiole to the transition zone and the course of the vascular bundles in the transition zone apparently depend on the spatial arrangement, while the arrangement of the vascular bundles in the petioles depends on the body plan. We found an exponential acropetal increase in the cross-sectional area and axial and polar second moments of area to be the defining characteristic of all transition zones studied, regardless of body plan or spatial arrangement. In conclusion, a variety of terms is used in the literature for describing the region between petiole and lamina. We prefer the term “petiole–lamina transition zone” to underline its three-dimensional nature and the integration of multiple gradients of geometry, shape, and size.

scholarly journals The cross-sectional average inequality in lifespan (CAL†): A lifespan variation measure that reflects the mortality histories of cohorts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Nepomuceno ◽  
Qi Cui ◽  
Alyson A van Raalte ◽  
José Manuel Aburto ◽  
Vladimir Canudas-Romo
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Country Rankings ◽  
Lifespan Variation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Length Of Life ◽  
Timing Of Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Average

Lifespan variation is a key metric of mortality that describes both individual uncertaintyabout the length of life and heterogeneity in population health. We propose a novel andtimely lifespan variation measure, which we call the Cross-sectional Average Inequality in Lifespan. This new index provides an alternative perspective on the analysis of lifespan inequality by combining the mortality histories of all cohorts present in a cross-sectional approach. We demonstrate how differences in the Cross-sectional Average Inequality in Lifespan measure can be decomposed between populations by age and cohort to explore the compression or expansion of mortality in a cohort perspective. We apply these new methods using data from ten low-mortality countries from 1879 to 2013. The Cross-sectional Average Inequality in Lifespan measure reveals greater uncertainty in the timing of death than the period life table-based indices of variation indicate. Also, country rankings of lifespan inequality vary considerably between period and cross-sectional measures. These differences open intriguing questions as to which temporal dimension is the most relevant to individuals when considering the uncertainty in the timing of death in planning their life courses.

Cross-Reactivity between IgE-Binding Proteins from Anisakis Simplex and Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bernardini ◽  
G. Mistrello ◽  
E. Novembre ◽  
D. Roncarolo ◽  
S. Zanotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
The Cross

An association was found between Anisakis simplex (As) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) sensitization. One recent study shows a cross-reactivity between As and Dp and tropomyosin (tr) is suspected as being one of the proteins responsible of this cross-reaction. The aim of our study was: 1) to confirm the cross-reactivity between Dp and As; 2) to determine the importance of tr in this cross reaction. SDS-PAGE analysis of Dp and As (metabolic and somatic) extracts was carried out. Then an IgE immunoblotting test using serum from a patient who had specific IgE only to Dp and As and immunoblotting inhibition experiments using Dp extract and tr as inhibitors were performed. We found that patient's serum reacted: 1) against larval As antigens with a molecular weight (mw) of 25 kilodalton (kD) and a mw > 100 kD, 2) against various metabolic As antigens with a mw > 100 kD, a mw ranging approximately from 35 to 50 kD, and a mw around 20 kD, and 3) against Dp proteins with mw between 35 and 55 kD. Preincubation of patient's serum with Dp extract caused the disappearance of reactivity against antigens with a mw > 100 kD in both larval and metabolic As extracts and against proteins with mw ranging approximately from 35 to 50 kD in the metabolic As extract. Preincubation of patient's serum with As extract caused the disappearance of reactivity against antigens with mw between 35 and 55 kD in the Dp extract. Pre-incubation of patient's serum with tr did not induce any change in the immunoblotting profile. The results show that 1) cross-reactive components between Dp and As are some proteins with a mw ranging approximately from 35 to 50 kD and with a mw > 100 kD, and 2) tr is not involved in cross-reactivity between As and Dp.

Paper 7. Unsteady Flow around a Slender Fish-Like Body

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Y. Wu ◽  
J. N. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Vortex Sheet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vortex Sheets ◽  
Flat Fish ◽  
The Cross

This paper attempts to extend some recent theoretical calculations on the unsteady flow generated by body movements of a slender ‘flat’ fish by further including the effect of finite body thickness in the consideration for various configurations of side and caudal fins as major appendages. Based on the slender-body approximation, the cross-flow is determined for different longitudinal body sections which are characterized by a variety of cross-sectional shapes and flow conditions (such as having smooth or fin-edged body contours, with or without vortex sheets alongside the body section). The effect of body thickness is found to arise primarily from its interaction with the vortex sheet already existing in the cross-flow. New results for the transverse hydro-dynamic force acting on the body are obtained, and their physical significances are discussed.

scholarly journals Allergenic Characterization of Tropomyosin from the Dusky Brown Cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung Yong Jeong ◽  
Heeyu Hwang ◽  
Jongweon Lee ◽  
In-Yong Lee ◽  
Dong Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Inhibitor Concentration ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Elisa Inhibition

ABSTRACTHousehold arthropods are one of the most common causes of allergic diseases. Four species of cockroaches are found to reside in Korean homes, but published work deals almost exclusively with the German and American cockroaches. This study was undertaken to investigate the cross-reactive allergenic components of the dusky brown cockroach,Periplaneta fuliginosa. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition and immunoblot analyses for the dusky brown cockroach were performed withBlattella germanicaandDermatophagoides farinaeallergic sera. cDNA encoding tropomyosin, which is a well known cross-reactive pan-allergen, was cloned by reverse transcriptase PCR, and recombinant protein was produced by using a pET-28b expression system. Native tropomyosin was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and electroelution. The immunoglobulin E (IgE) reactivities of native and recombinant tropomyosins were compared by an ELISA inhibition study. All 30 sera tested showedP. fuliginosa-specific IgE, and the IgE-binding reactivity of theP. fuliginosaextract was inhibited as much as 79.4% by aB. germanicaextract and as much as 63.3% by aD. farinaeextract. The deduced amino acid sequence of cloned cDNA was identical with that ofPeriplaneta americanatropomyosin (98.5% nucleotide sequence identity). Seven of 26 (26.9%) allergic sera had IgE specific for recombinant protein, and the maximum inhibition ofP. fuliginosa-specific IgE achieved with recombinant tropomyosin was 37.7% at an inhibitor concentration of 10 μg/ml. Native tropomyosin inhibited the binding of IgE to theP. fuliginosa,B. germanica, andD. farinaeextracts by 65.0, 51.8, and 39% at an inhibitor concentration of 1 μg/ml.P. fuliginosaappears to possess allergens that are highly cross-reactive with allergens ofB. germanicaandD. farinae. Tropomyosin was found to be a major allergenic component accounting for the cross-reactivity between cockroaches and dust mites.

scholarly journals Ciało fortepianu – artykulacja doświadczenia cielesnego w korespondencji Fryderyka Chopina

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-38
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Świtka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Appearance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross

The article focuses on the presentation and analysis of selected excerpts from Frédéric Chopin’s letters from the 1824-1849 period that illustrate their author’s attitude towards physical experiences. In contrast to the “disembodied” reception of the artist that reproduces the “soul of the piano” metaphor, the article describes a broad representation of the composer’s texts on physical appearance, the role of the body in the performance act, living through illness and the oncoming death. The cross-sectional and chronologically ordered study presented in the article shows the evolution of the subject’s attitude towards his own body along the progress of his illness. It is at the same time an illustration of the style and imagery used by the author of the letters while describing specific aspects of physical experience.

scholarly journals An Analytical Simulation of Boundary Roughness for Incompressible Viscous Flows

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
John Venetis
Keyword(s):  
Flow Direction ◽  
Deformable Body ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Random Roughness ◽  
Analytical Simulation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Boundary Roughness

The intention of this paper is to investigate the boundary roughness of a mounted obstacle which is inserted into an incompressible, external and viscous flow field of a Newtonian fluid. In particular, the present study focuses on the cross – sectional area of the obstacle, which is assumed to be a non deformable body (rigid object) with a predefined shape of random roughness. For facility reasons and without violating the generality, one may select the cross – section of the body which contains its center of gravity and is perpendicular to the main flow direction. The boundary of this cross – sectional area is mathematically simulated as the polygonal path of the length of a single – valued continuous function. Evidently, this function should be of bounded variation. The novelty of this work is that the formulation of the random roughness of the boundary has been carried out in a deterministic manner.

scholarly journals ¿Y si toda la innovación no es positiva en Educación Física? Reflexiones y consideraciones prácticas (Is innovation always positive in Physical Education? Reflections and practical considerations)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 579-587
Author(s):  
Ángel Pérez Pueyo ◽  
David Hortigüela Alcalá
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
True Purpose ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Aprendizaje Cooperativo

En la actualidad la innovación parece querer inundarlo todo, pero que algo sea nuevo no implica que tenga efectos positivos en el aula. Este artículo surge de la necesidad de pararse a pensar y reflexionar sobre las tendencias actuales de Educación Física que no parece estar permitiéndole avanzar e, incluso, ir en contra de sus verdaderos fines y esencia. A partir de las evidencias científicas que los sustentan, se han planteado cinco aspectos de práctica habitual en nuestra área sobre los que reflexionar: (1) La gamificación mal entendida; (2) la utilización indiscriminada de las APPs: (3) el aprendizaje cooperativo mal enfocado; (4) la verdadera motivación; (5) las evidencias en el aprendizaje del alumnado. Ante esto, se dan diferentes soluciones prácticas basadas en el uso de la evaluación formativa y compartida y el uso transversal de lo corporal. Finalmente se plantean consideraciones a modo de conclusión, no con la intención de ofrecer recetas, sino reflexiones con base científica con el fin de contribuir a una mejor Educación Física. Abstract. Currently, innovation seems to be spreading uncontrollably everywhere; however, just because something is new it does not necessarily imply that it also has positive effects in the classroom. This article arises from the need to stop, think, and reflect on current trends in Physical Education, which at times seem to be more an obstacle to its progress to the extent that they may even work against its true purpose and essence. Based on scientific evidence, five common practice aspects to reflect upon in our field have been proposed: (1) Misunderstood gamification; (2) indiscriminate use of APPs: (3) poorly focused cooperative learning; (4) true motivation; and (5) evidences of students’ learnings. Different practical solutions based on the use of formative and shared evaluation and the cross-sectional use of the body were proposed. Finally, considerations were presented as a conclusion; however, they are intended to offer any formulae, but rather scientifically supported reflections aiming at contributing to the enhancement of Physical Education.

Governmental customer concentration and audit pricing

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanmei Chen ◽  
Weishi Jia ◽  
Shuo Li ◽  
Zenghui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Audit Fees ◽  
Audit Pricing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
External Monitoring ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Treat All

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the concentration of a specific customer type – governmental customer, affects the pricing of audit services in the USA. Design/methodology/approach This paper applies a standard audit pricing model by regressing audit fees on governmental customer concentration and other common determinants of audit fees. This paper also adopts an instrumental variable approach and performs propensity-score matched sample analyzes to mitigate the potential endogeneity problem. Findings Using data from major customer disclosures of US publicly listed firms from 2000 to 2014, this paper finds that governmental customer concentration is positively associated with audit fees, suggesting that a higher level of governmental customer concentration increases a firm’s audit risks and audit effort. In addition, this paper performs cross-sectional analyzes and show that the association between governmental customer concentration and audit fees is more pronounced for firms with weak internal governance, weak external monitoring and high financial risks. Originality/value This paper furthers the understanding of the interactive relationships in supply chain systems and adds new evidence to the literature on customer concentration. Prior studies on customer concentration typically treat all customer types in a uniform manner. To the knowledge, this is the first study that separates governmental customers from other types of customers in an audit pricing setting. The findings highlight the importance of examining governmental customer concentration when assessing a firm’s audit risks and audit fees.

Evaluation of body geometry and symmetry for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with 3D body scanning system

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-292
Author(s):  
Lu Lu ◽  
Kit-Lun Yick ◽  
Sun Pui Ng ◽  
Joanne Yip ◽  
Chi Yung Tse
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Body Scanning ◽  
The Cross

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively assess the three-dimensional (3D) geometry and symmetry of the torso for spinal deformity and the use of orthotic bracewear by using non-invasive 3D body scanning technology. Design/methodology/approach In pursuing greater accuracy of body anthropometric measurements to improve the fit and design of apparel, 3D body scanning technology and image analysis provide many more advantages over the traditional manual methods that use contact measurements. To measure the changes in the torso geometry and profile symmetry of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, five individuals are recruited to undergo body scanning both with and without wearing a rigid brace during a period of six months. The cross-sectional areas and profiles of the reconstructed 3D torso models are examined to evaluate the level of body symmetry. Findings Significant changes in the cross-sectional profile are found amongst four of the patients over the different visits for measurements (p < 0.05), which are consistent with the X-rays results. The 3D body scanning system can reliably evaluate changes in the body geometry of patients with scoliosis. Nevertheless, improvements in the symmetry of the torso are found to be somewhat inconsistent among the patients and across different visits. Originality/value This pilot study demonstrates a practical and safe means to measure and analyse the torso geometry and symmetry so as to allow for more frequent evaluations, which would result in effective and optimal treatment of spinal deformation.

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