scholarly journals Carotid Compliance and Parahippocampal and Hippocampal Volume over a 20-Year Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Hediyeh Baradaran ◽  
Alen Delic ◽  
J. Scott McNally ◽  
Matthew Alexander ◽  
Jennifer J. Majersik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> We evaluated the association between carotid compliance, a measure of arterial stiffness, to parahippocampal volume (PHV) and hippocampal volume (HV) over 20 years later in the Atherosclerosis Risk in the Community study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We included participants with common carotid compliance measurements at visit 1 (1987–1989) and volumetric brain MRI at visit 5 (2011–2013). The primary outcomes are pooled bilateral PHV and HV. We performed linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, vascular risk factors, and total brain volume. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 614 participants, higher compliance was correlated with higher PHV (<i>R</i> = 0.218[0.144–0.291], <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and HV (<i>R</i> = 0.181 [0.105–0.255, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001]). The association was linear and significant after adjusting for confounders. At follow-up MRI, 30 patients with dementia had lower PHV and HV than patients without dementia (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001 and <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001, respectively). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Carotid compliance is associated with higher PHV and HV when measured 20 years later, further supporting the link between arterial stiffness and cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Plasma Metabolites Associated with Brain MRI Measures of Neurodegeneration in Older Adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities–Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1744
Author(s):  
Danni Li ◽  
Jeffrey Misialek ◽  
Clifford Jack ◽  
Michelle Mielke ◽  
David Knopman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk

Background: Plasma metabolites are associated with cognitive and physical function in the elderly. Because cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and neurodegeneration are common causes of cognitive and physical function decline, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the associations of six plasma metabolites (two plasma phosphatidylcholines [PCs]: PC aa C36:5 and PC aa 36:6 and four sphingomyelins [SMs]: SM C26:0, SM [OH] C22:1, SM [OH] C22:2, SM [OH] C24:1) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of cerebral SVD and neurodegeneration in older adults. Methods: This study included 238 older adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study at the fifth exam. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association of each metabolite (log-transformed) in separate models with MRI measures except lacunar infarcts, for which binary logistic regression was used. Results: Higher concentrations of plasma PC aa C36:5 had adverse associations with MRI features of cerebral SVD (odds ratio of 1.69 [95% confidence interval: 1.01, 2.83] with lacunar infarct, and beta of 0.16 log [cm3] [0.02, 0.30] with log [White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH) volume]) while higher concentrations of 3 plasma SM (OH)s were associated with higher total brain volume (beta of 12.0 cm3 [5.5, 18.6], 11.8 cm3 [5.0, 18.6], and 7.3 cm3 [1.2, 13.5] for SM [OH] C22:1, SM [OH] C22:2, and SM [OH] C24:1, respectively). Conclusions: This study identified associations between certain plasma metabolites and brain MRI measures of SVD and neurodegeneration in older adults, particularly higher SM (OH) concentrations with higher total brain volume.

scholarly journals Could infarct location predict the long-term functional outcome in childhood arterial ischemic stroke?

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 692-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio López-Espejo ◽  
Marta Hernández-Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Arterial Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Total Brain

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the influence of infarct location on long-term functional outcome following a first-ever arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in non-neonate children. Method: The MRIs of 39 children with AIS (median age 5.38 years; 36% girls; mean follow-up time 5.87 years) were prospectively evaluated. Infarct location was classified as the absence or presence of subcortical involvement. Functional outcome was measured using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) for children after the follow-up assessment. We utilized multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for the outcome while adjusting for age, sex, infarct size and middle cerebral artery territory involvement (significance < 0.05). Results: Both infarcts ≥ 4% of total brain volume (OR 9.92; CI 1.76 – 55.9; p 0.009) and the presence of subcortical involvement (OR 8.36; CI 1.76 – 53.6; p 0.025) independently increased the risk of marked functional impairment (mRS 3 to 5). Conclusion: Infarct extension and location can help predict the extent of disability after childhood AIS.

scholarly journals Plasma Metabolites Associated with Brain MRI Measures in Older Adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities – Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danni Li ◽  
Jeffrey R. Misialek ◽  
Clifford R. Jack ◽  
Michelle M. Mielke ◽  
David Knopman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk

Background: Plasma metabolites are associated with cognitive and physical function in the elderly. Because cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and neurodegeneration are common causes of cognitive and physical function decline, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the associations of six plasma metabolites (two plasma phosphatidylcholines [PCs]: PC aa C36:5 and PC aa 36:6 and four sphingomyelins [SMs]: SM C26:0, SM [OH] C22:1, SM [OH] C22:2, SM [OH] C24:1) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of cerebral SVD and neurodegeneration in older adults. Methods: This study included 238 older adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study at the fifth exam. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association of each metabolite (log-transformed) in separate models with MRI measures except lacunar infarcts, for which binary logistic regression was used. Results: Higher concentrations of plasma PC aa C36:5 had adverse associations with MRI features of cerebral SVD (odds ratio of 1.69 [95% confidence interval: 1.01, 2.83] with lacunar infarct, and beta of 0.16 log [cm3] [0.02, 0.30] with log [White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH) volume]) while higher concentrations of 3 plasma SM (OH)s were associated with higher total brain volume (beta of 12.0 cm3 [5.5, 18.6], 11.8 cm3 [5.0, 18.6], and 7.3 cm3 [1.2, 13.5] for SM [OH] C22:1, SM [OH] C22:2, and SM [OH] C24:1, respectively). Conclusions: This study identified associations between certain plasma metabolites and brain MRI measures of SVD and neurodegeneration in older adults, particularly higher SM (OH) concentrations with higher total brain volume.

scholarly journals Atrial Fibrillation and Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy P. Berman ◽  
Faye L. Norby ◽  
Thomas Mosley ◽  
Elsayed Z. Soliman ◽  
Rebecca F. Gottesman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background and Purpose— Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with dementia independent of clinical stroke. The mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. In a community-based cohort, the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), we evaluated (1) the longitudinal association of incident AF and (2) the cross-sectional association of prevalent AF with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. Methods— The longitudinal analysis included 963 participants (mean age, 73±4.4 years; 62% women; 51% black) without prevalent stroke or AF who underwent a brain MRI in 1993 to 1995 and a second MRI in 2004 to 2006 (mean, 10.6±0.8 years). Outcomes included subclinical cerebral infarctions, sulcal size, ventricular size, and, for the cross-sectional analysis, white matter hyperintensity volume and total brain volume. Results— In the longitudinal analysis, 29 (3.0%) participants developed AF after the first brain MRI. Those who developed AF had higher odds of increase in subclinical cerebral infarctions (odds ratio [OR], 3.08; 95% CI, 1.39–6.83), worsening sulcal grade (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.04–12.2), and worsening ventricular grade (OR, 9.34; 95% CI, 1.24–70.2). In cross-sectional analysis, of 969 participants, 35 (3.6%) had prevalent AF at the time of the 2004 to 2006 MRI scan. Those with AF had greater odds of higher sulcal (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.7–9.1) and ventricular grade (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0–5.7) after multivariable adjustment and no difference in white matter hyperintensity or total brain volume. Conclusions— AF is independently associated with increase in subclinical cerebral infarction and worsening sulcal and ventricular grade—morphological changes associated with aging and dementia. More research is needed to define the mechanisms underlying AF-related neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals The Bidirectional Association between Reduced Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Atrophy in the General Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1882-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel I Zonneveld ◽  
Elizabeth A Loehrer ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
Wiro J Niessen ◽  
Aad van der Lugt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Bidirectional Association

The question remains whether reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) leads to brain atrophy or vice versa. We studied the longitudinal relation between CBF and brain volume in a community-dwelling population. In the Rotterdam Study, 3011 participants (mean age 59.6 years (s.d. 8.0)) underwent repeat brain magnetic resonance imaging to quantify brain volume and CBF at two time points. Adjusted linear regression models were used to investigate the bidirectional relation between CBF and brain volume. We found that smaller brain volume at baseline was associated with a steeper decrease in CBF in the whole population (standardized change per s.d. increase of total brain volume (TBV) = 0.296 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.200; 0.393)). Only in persons aged ≥ 65 years, a lower CBF at baseline was associated with steeper decline of TBV (standardized change per s.d. increase of CBF = 0.003 (95% CI −0.004; 0.010) in the whole population and 0.020 (95% CI 0.004; 0.036) in those aged ≥65 years of age). Our results indicate that brain atrophy causes CBF to decrease over time, rather than vice versa. Only in persons aged >65 years of age did we find lower CBF to also relate to brain atrophy.

Hippocampal volume and serotonin transporter polymorphism in major depressive disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila Ahdidan ◽  
Leslie Foldager ◽  
Raben Rosenberg ◽  
Anders Rodell ◽  
Poul Videbech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Serotonin Transporter Polymorphism

ObjectiveThe main aim of the present study was to replicate a previous finding in major depressive disorder (MDD) of association between reduced hippocampal volume and the long variant of the di- and triallelic serotonin transporter polymorphism inSLC6A4on chromosome 17q11.2. Secondarily, we also hypothesised that 5-HTTLPR may be a risk factor for MDD.MethodsQuantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hippocampus was studied in 23 inpatients suffering from MDD and in 33 healthy controls. Normalised volumetric MRI data of hippocampus were assessed with adjustment for total brain volume and tensor-based morphometry was used to elucidate structural brain differences. A triallelic genetic marker resulting from twoSLC6A4promoter region polymorphisms, 5-HTTLPR and rs25531, was analysed for association with MDD and quantitative traits.ResultsHealthy controls had a smaller relative hippocampal volume (relative to brain size) but a larger total brain volume compared with patients with MDD. For patients compared with healthy controls, atrophy was found in the right temporal lobe and pons medulla. Allele and genotype frequencies were strikingly different from the previous study that we aimed to replicate, and no significant associations with the serotonin transporter polymorphism were found.ConclusionsThe present quantitative and morphometric MRI study was not able to replicate the previous finding of association between reduced hippocampal volume in depressed patients and the serotonin transporter polymorphism.

Reversibility of brain tissue loss in anorexia nervosa assessed with a computerized Talairach 3-D proportional grid

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. W. Swayze ◽  
A. Andersen ◽  
S. Arndt ◽  
R. Rajarethinam ◽  
F. Fleming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Head Positioning

SynopsisWe describe the results of our follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of underweight patients with anorexia nervosa, using rigorous methodology to control for head position across time. All subjects first underwent an initial scan and rescan to verify that our computerized three-dimensional co-planar grid method for volume measurement was reliable and accurate, regardless of head positioning. After a period of several months, subjects had a follow-up scan to assess for changes that may have occurred following significant weight gain.Ventricular and total brain volume measurements from the initial scans were compared with the scans from an age- and sex-matched normal control group to determine whether we could replicate previous findings of ventricular enlargement compared with controls and whether brain volume is reduced compared with controls. Anorexic subjects had significantly larger ventricles when compared with normal controls but did not differ significantly in total brain volume. Using a repeated measures analysis of variance,a prioricontrasts compared the initial/rescan pair volumes with each other and the initial/rescan pair volumes with the follow-up volume. These analyses showed that ventricular and total brain volumes derived from the initial/rescan pair were nearly identical, but that at follow-up ventricular volume decreased significantly and total brain volume increased significantly after weight gain.

scholarly journals Age-Specific Adult Rat Brain MRI Templates and Tissue Probability Maps

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eilidh MacNicol ◽  
Paul Wright ◽  
Eugene Kim ◽  
Irene Brusini ◽  
Oscar Esteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Probability Maps ◽  
Total Brain

Age-specific resources in human MRI mitigate processing biases that arise from structural changes across the lifespan. There are fewer age-specific resources for preclinical imaging, and they only represent developmental periods rather than adulthood. Since rats recapitulate many facets of human aging, it was hypothesized that brain volume and each tissue's relative contribution to total brain volume would change with age in the adult rat. Data from a longitudinal study of rats at 3, 5, 11, and 17 months old were used to test this hypothesis. Tissue volume was estimated from high resolution structural images using a priori information from tissue probability maps. However, existing tissue probability maps generated inaccurate gray matter probabilities in subcortical structures, particularly the thalamus. To address this issue, gray matter, white matter, and CSF tissue probability maps were generated by combining anatomical and signal intensity information. The effects of age on volumetric estimations were then assessed with mixed-effects models. Results showed that herein estimation of gray matter volumes better matched histological evidence, as compared to existing resources. All tissue volumes increased with age, and the tissue proportions relative to total brain volume varied across adulthood. Consequently, a set of rat brain templates and tissue probability maps from across the adult lifespan is released to expand the preclinical MRI community's fundamental resources.

scholarly journals Canine cognitive dysfunction patients have reduced total hippocampal volume compared with aging control dogs: A comparative magnetic resonance imaging study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-442
Author(s):  
Curtis Wells Dewey ◽  
Mark Rishniw ◽  
Philippa J. Johnson ◽  
Simon Platt ◽  
Kelsey Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Hippocampal Atrophy ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Total Brain

Background: Hippocampal atrophy is a key pathologic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) feature of human Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hippocampal atrophy has not been documented via MRI in canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD), which is considered as the dog model of human AD.Aim: The purpose of this retrospective comparative volumetric MRI study was to compare total hippocampal volumes between successfully aging (control) dogs and dogs diagnosed with CCD.Methods: Mimics® software was used to derive total hippocampal volumes and total brain volumes from the MRI studies of 42 aging dogs (≥ 9 years): 16 dogs diagnosed with CCD and 26 successfully aging controls. Hippocampal volumes were normalized to total brain volume and these values were compared between groups using Mann–Whitney U tests.Results: Total hippocampal volume normalized to total brain volume was significantly less for CCD patients compared with control dogs (p = 0.04).Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that – similar to human AD – hippocampal atrophy is a pathological feature of CCD. This finding has potential importance for both investigating disease mechanisms related to dementia as well as future hippocampal-targeted therapies.

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