scholarly journals The Bidirectional Association between Reduced Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Atrophy in the General Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1882-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel I Zonneveld ◽  
Elizabeth A Loehrer ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
Wiro J Niessen ◽  
Aad van der Lugt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Bidirectional Association

The question remains whether reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) leads to brain atrophy or vice versa. We studied the longitudinal relation between CBF and brain volume in a community-dwelling population. In the Rotterdam Study, 3011 participants (mean age 59.6 years (s.d. 8.0)) underwent repeat brain magnetic resonance imaging to quantify brain volume and CBF at two time points. Adjusted linear regression models were used to investigate the bidirectional relation between CBF and brain volume. We found that smaller brain volume at baseline was associated with a steeper decrease in CBF in the whole population (standardized change per s.d. increase of total brain volume (TBV) = 0.296 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.200; 0.393)). Only in persons aged ≥ 65 years, a lower CBF at baseline was associated with steeper decline of TBV (standardized change per s.d. increase of CBF = 0.003 (95% CI −0.004; 0.010) in the whole population and 0.020 (95% CI 0.004; 0.036) in those aged ≥65 years of age). Our results indicate that brain atrophy causes CBF to decrease over time, rather than vice versa. Only in persons aged >65 years of age did we find lower CBF to also relate to brain atrophy.

scholarly journals Total Cerebral Blood Flow and Total Brain Perfusion in the General Population: The Rotterdam Scan Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meike W Vernooij ◽  
Aad van der Lugt ◽  
Mohammad Arfan Ikram ◽  
Piotr A Wielopolski ◽  
Henri A Vrooman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Total Brain

Reduced cerebral perfusion may contribute to the development of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Little is known on cerebral perfusion in the general population, as most measurement techniques are too invasive for application in large groups of healthy individuals. Total cerebral blood flow (tCBF) can be noninvasively measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but is highly correlated with brain volume. We calculated total brain perfusion by dividing tCBF by brain volume, and we investigated determinants of total brain perfusion in comparison with tCBF. Secondly, we studied whether persons with a low tCBF or low total brain perfusion have a larger volume of white matter lesions (WML). This study is based on 892 persons aged 60 to 91 years from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study. We performed two-dimensional (2D) phase-contrast MRI for tCBF measurement. Brain volume and WML volume were quantitatively assessed. Cardiovascular determinants were assessed by interview and physical examination. We assessed associations between cardiovascular determinants and flow measures with linear regression models, adjusted for age and sex. Associations between tCBF or total brain perfusion and WML volume were assessed using general linear models. We found that determinants of tCBF and total brain perfusion differed largely due to the large influence of brain volume on tCBF values. Persons with low total brain perfusion had a significantly larger WML volume compared with those with high total brain perfusion. Prospective studies are required to unravel whether hypoperfusion contributes to WML formation or that tissue damage, manifested by WML, leads to brain hypoperfusion.

scholarly journals Reduced parenchymal cerebral blood flow is associated with greater progression of brain atrophy: The SMART-MR study

2020 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2094861
Author(s):  
Rashid Ghaznawi ◽  
Maarten HT Zwartbol ◽  
Nicolaas PA Zuithoff ◽  
Jeroen de Bresser ◽  
Jeroen Hendrikse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Parenchymal ◽  
Mr Study

Global cerebral hypoperfusion may be involved in the aetiology of brain atrophy; however, long-term longitudinal studies on this relationship are lacking. We examined whether reduced cerebral blood flow was associated with greater progression of brain atrophy. Data of 1165 patients (61 ± 10 years) from the SMART-MR study, a prospective cohort study of patients with arterial disease, were used of whom 689 participated after 4 years and 297 again after 12 years. Attrition was substantial. Total brain volume and total cerebral blood flow were obtained from magnetic resonance imaging scans and expressed as brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and parenchymal cerebral blood flow (pCBF). Mean decrease in BPF per year was 0.22% total intracranial volume (95% CI: –0.23 to –0.21). Mean decrease in pCBF per year was 0.24 ml/min per 100 ml brain volume (95% CI: –0.29 to –0.20). Using linear mixed models, lower pCBF at baseline was associated with a greater decrease in BPF over time ( p =  0.01). Lower baseline BPF, however, was not associated with a greater decrease in pCBF ( p =  0.43). These findings indicate that reduced cerebral blood flow is associated with greater progression of brain atrophy and provide further support for a role of cerebral blood flow in the process of neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Atrial Fibrillation and Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy P. Berman ◽  
Faye L. Norby ◽  
Thomas Mosley ◽  
Elsayed Z. Soliman ◽  
Rebecca F. Gottesman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background and Purpose— Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with dementia independent of clinical stroke. The mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. In a community-based cohort, the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), we evaluated (1) the longitudinal association of incident AF and (2) the cross-sectional association of prevalent AF with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. Methods— The longitudinal analysis included 963 participants (mean age, 73±4.4 years; 62% women; 51% black) without prevalent stroke or AF who underwent a brain MRI in 1993 to 1995 and a second MRI in 2004 to 2006 (mean, 10.6±0.8 years). Outcomes included subclinical cerebral infarctions, sulcal size, ventricular size, and, for the cross-sectional analysis, white matter hyperintensity volume and total brain volume. Results— In the longitudinal analysis, 29 (3.0%) participants developed AF after the first brain MRI. Those who developed AF had higher odds of increase in subclinical cerebral infarctions (odds ratio [OR], 3.08; 95% CI, 1.39–6.83), worsening sulcal grade (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.04–12.2), and worsening ventricular grade (OR, 9.34; 95% CI, 1.24–70.2). In cross-sectional analysis, of 969 participants, 35 (3.6%) had prevalent AF at the time of the 2004 to 2006 MRI scan. Those with AF had greater odds of higher sulcal (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.7–9.1) and ventricular grade (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0–5.7) after multivariable adjustment and no difference in white matter hyperintensity or total brain volume. Conclusions— AF is independently associated with increase in subclinical cerebral infarction and worsening sulcal and ventricular grade—morphological changes associated with aging and dementia. More research is needed to define the mechanisms underlying AF-related neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Higher Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Lower Plasma Glucose Are Associated with Larger Gray Matter Volume but Not with White Matter or Total Brain Volume in Dutch Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 145 (8) ◽  
pp. 1817-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma ◽  
Nikita L van der Zwaluw ◽  
Janneke P van Wijngaarden ◽  
Rosalie A Dhonukshe-Rutten ◽  
Paulette H in 't Veld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Volume ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Lower Plasma Glucose ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

scholarly journals Interthalamic adhesion size in aging dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages: a comparative retrospective MRI study of dogs with and without evidence of canine cognitive dysfunction

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9012
Author(s):  
Curtis W. Dewey ◽  
Mark Rishniw ◽  
Philippa J. Johnson ◽  
Emma S. Davies ◽  
Joseph J. Sackman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Disease Category ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Total Brain

Objective Spontaneous brain microhemorrhages in elderly people are present to some degree in Alzheimer’s disease patients but have been linked to brain atrophy in the absence of obvious cognitive decline. Brain microhemorrhages have recently been described in older dogs, but it is unclear whether these are associated with brain atrophy. Diminution of interthalamic adhesion size-as measured on MRI or CT-has been shown to be a reliable indicator of brain atrophy in dogs with canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) in comparison with successfully aging dogs. We hypothesized that aging dogs with brain microhemorrhages presenting for neurologic dysfunction but without obvious features of cognitive decline would have small interthalamic adhesion measurements, like dogs with CCD, compared with control dogs. The objective of this study was to compare interthalamic adhesion size between three groups of aging (>9 years) dogs: (1) neurologically impaired dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages and no clinical evidence of cognitive dysfunction (2) dogs with CCD (3) dogs without clinical evidence of encephalopathy on neurologic examination (control dogs). MR images from 52 aging dogs were reviewed and measurements were obtained of interthalamic adhesion height (thickness) and mid-sagittal interthalamic adhesion area for all dogs, in addition to total brain volume. Interthalamic adhesion measurements, either absolute or normalized to total brain volume were compared between groups. Signalment (age, breed, sex), body weight, presence and number of SBMs, as well as other abnormal MRI findings were recorded for all dogs. Results All interthalamic adhesion measurement parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) different between control dogs and affected dogs. Both dogs with cognitive dysfunction (12/15; 80%) and dogs with isolated brain microhemorrhages had more microhemorrhages than control dogs (3/25; 12%). Affected dogs without cognitive dysfunction had significantly more microhemorrhages than dogs with cognitive dysfunction. In addition to signs of cognitive impairment for the CCD group, main clinical complaints for SBM and CCD dogs were referable to central vestibular dysfunction, recent-onset seizure activity, or both. Geriatric dogs with spontaneous brain microhemorrhages without cognitive dysfunction have similar MRI abnormalities as dogs with cognitive dysfunction but may represent a distinct disease category.

scholarly journals Contributions of Cerebral Blood Flow to Associations Between Blood Pressure Levels and Cognition

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine E. Moonen ◽  
Behnam Sabayan ◽  
Sigurdur Sigurdsson ◽  
Mark A. van Buchem ◽  
Vilmundur Gudnason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Total Brain

Cerebral hypoperfusion leads to adverse sequalae including dementia. Midlife higher blood pressure (BP) can lead to low cerebral blood flow (CBF), but older persons may need higher BP to maintain cerebral perfusion. We investigated the associations among late-life BP, CBF, and cognition. Data are from 2498 participants with a mean age of 79.8 (SD, 4.7) years of the second exam of the AGES (Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility)–Reykjavik Study. BP was measured, and phase-contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging was acquired to estimate total brain CBF PC . Cognitive outcomes included verbal and working memory, processing speed, mild cognitive impairment, and all-cause dementia. Relationships among late-life BP, CBF PC , and cognition were assessed with regression models, controlling for socio-demographics, BP level at midlife (at a mean age of 49.6 [SD, 5.9] years), cardiovascular factors, and total brain volume. In fully adjusted models, each mm Hg increase in late-life diastolic BP was associated with a −0.082 mL/min per 100 mL (95% CI −0.123 to −0.041) lower CBF PC . In contrast, each mm Hg increase in late-life systolic BP or pulse pressure was associated with a 0.027 mL/min per 100 mL (95% CI, 0.0065–0.048) and 0.061 mL/min per 100 mL (95% CI, 0.038–0.084) higher late-life CBF PC , respectively. Higher CBF PC was significantly related to higher cognitive scores for psychomotor speed, verbal, and working memory and to a lower odd of mild cognitive impairment or dementia, irrespective of late-life BP level. Higher late-life diastolic BP and systolic BP were differentially associated with CBF PC . Our findings suggest CBF is an important correlate of late-life cognition, independent of BP level.

scholarly journals Total Cerebral Blood Flow, White Matter Lesions and Brain Atrophy: The SMART-MR Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auke PA Appelman ◽  
Yolanda van der Graaf ◽  
Koen L Vincken ◽  
Audrey M Tiehuis ◽  
Theo D Witkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Mr Study

We investigated whether total cerebral blood flow (CBF) was associated with brain atrophy, and whether this relation was modified by white matter lesions (WML). Within the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-magnetic resonance (SMART-MR) study, a prospective cohort study among patients with arterial disease, cross-sectional analyses were performed in 828 patients (mean age 58±10 years, 81% male) with quantitative flow, atrophy, and WML measurements on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Total CBF was measured with MR angiography and was expressed per 100 mL brain volume. Total brain volume and ventricular volume were divided by intracranial volume to obtain brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and ventricular fraction (VF). Lower BPF indicates more global brain atrophy, whereas higher VF indicates more subcortical brain atrophy. Mean CBF was 52.0±10.2 mL/min per 100 mL, mean BPF was 79.2±2.9%, and mean VF was 2.03±0.96%. Linear regression analyses showed that lower CBF was associated with more subcortical brain atrophy, after adjusting for age, sex, vascular risk factors, intima-media thickness, and lacunar infarcts, but only in patients with moderate to severe WML (upper quartile of WML): Change in VF per s.d. decrease in CBF 0.18%, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.34%. Our findings suggest that cerebral hypoperfusion in the presence of WML may be associated with subcortical brain atrophy.

scholarly journals Total Cerebral Blood Flow in Relation to Cognitive Function: The Rotterdam Scan Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1652-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariëlle MF Poels ◽  
Mohammad Arfan Ikram ◽  
Meike W Vernooij ◽  
Gabriel P Krestin ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Global Cognition

Cerebral hypoperfusion has been associated with worse cognitive function. We investigated the association between cerebral blood flow and cognition and whether this association is independent of brain volume. In 892 participants, aged 60 to 91 years, of the population-based Rotterdam Scan study, we measured total cerebral blood flow (tCBF) and brain volume using magnetic resonance imaging. Lower tCBF was associated with worse information-processing speed, executive function, and global cognition. However, after correcting tCBF for brain volume, these associations disappeared. The association between tCBF and cognition may be mediated or confounded by brain atrophy. Future studies on tCBF should take into account brain atrophy.

scholarly journals Carotid Compliance and Parahippocampal and Hippocampal Volume over a 20-Year Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Hediyeh Baradaran ◽  
Alen Delic ◽  
J. Scott McNally ◽  
Matthew Alexander ◽  
Jennifer J. Majersik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> We evaluated the association between carotid compliance, a measure of arterial stiffness, to parahippocampal volume (PHV) and hippocampal volume (HV) over 20 years later in the Atherosclerosis Risk in the Community study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We included participants with common carotid compliance measurements at visit 1 (1987–1989) and volumetric brain MRI at visit 5 (2011–2013). The primary outcomes are pooled bilateral PHV and HV. We performed linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, vascular risk factors, and total brain volume. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 614 participants, higher compliance was correlated with higher PHV (<i>R</i> = 0.218[0.144–0.291], <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and HV (<i>R</i> = 0.181 [0.105–0.255, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001]). The association was linear and significant after adjusting for confounders. At follow-up MRI, 30 patients with dementia had lower PHV and HV than patients without dementia (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001 and <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001, respectively). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Carotid compliance is associated with higher PHV and HV when measured 20 years later, further supporting the link between arterial stiffness and cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Pyruvate to Lactate Metabolic Changes during Neurodevelopment Measured Dynamically Using Hyperpolarized 13C Imaging in Juvenile Murine Brain

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiran Chen ◽  
Hosung Kim ◽  
Robert Bok ◽  
Subramaniam Sukumar ◽  
Xin Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Hyperpolarized 13C ◽  
Total Brain

Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging has recently been used to dynamically image metabolism in vivo. This technique provides the capability to investigate metabolic changes in mouse brain development over multiple time points. In this study, we used 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and hyperpolarized 13C-1-labeled pyruvate to analyze its conversion into lactate. We also applied T2-weighted anatomical imaging to examine brain volume changes starting from postnatal day 18 (P18). We combined these results with body weight measurements for a comprehensive interpretation of mouse brain maturation. Both the produced lactate level and pyruvate to lactate conversion rate decreased with increasing age in a linear manner. Total brain volume remained the same after P18, even though body weight continued to grow exponentially. Our results have shown that the rate of metabolism of 13C-1 pyruvate to lactate in brain is high in the young mouse and decreases with age. The brain at P18 is still relatively immature and continues to develop even as the total brain volume remains the same.

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