The Rights of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in the World: Legal Perspectives and Challenges in Brazil, India, Portugal, South Africa, and Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Assis Buosi ◽  
Deepa Paturkar ◽  
Eduardo Rocha Dias ◽  
Maria João Estorninho ◽  
Omowamiwa Kolawole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
The World

scholarly journals A practical guide to the supportive and palliative care of patients with chronic kidney disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Paget ◽  
Vakhtang Rekhviashvili
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
South African ◽  
The South ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World

We are sure that all of us involved in the field of renal medicine in South Africa would agree that the guidelines, published on page 86 of this issue, around the supportive care of renal patients, especially those who cannot access renal replacement therapy – produced in collaboration between the South African Renal Society and the Association of Palliative Care Practitioners of South Africa – will prove valuable in assisting us in making difficult decisions and in providing constructive advice on the management of our patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).South Africa’s GDP per capita, of around US$3600, places it within the upper-middle-income economic group. Unfortunately, our economy must cope with limited resources with the burden of both non-communicable and communicable diseases. We have one of the highest prevalences of HIV infection in the world, with high frequencies for the APOL1 G1 and G2 risk alleles for HIV-associated (and other) nephropathies [1]. The World Health Organization’s Global Health Observatory (https://www.who.int/data/gho) reports the crude prevalence of hypertension in South Africa at 24%, diabetes at 9.8%, overweight at 51.9% and physical inactivity at 37.2%.The South African Renal Registry [2] reports that 84% of South Africans rely on state-funded medical facilities. A metaanalysis by Kaze et al. [3] quotes the prevalence of CKD stages 3 to 5 to be around 4.8% of the population in sub-Saharan African countries, and in South Africa this amounts to some 2.7 million people with significant kidney disease. Considering our risk profile for renal disease, this is unlikely to be an overestimate. According to the renal registry, only around 11 000 individuals in South Africa are on dialysis or have functioning kidney transplants, with 3100 served by the public sector. Unfortunately, our transplantation rate is low – 4.8 pmp in the public sector and 15.2 pmp in the private sector between 1991 and 2015 [4]. Transplant centres in the UK reported adult deceased donor renal transplant rates between 24 and 66 per million population in 2018/19 [5].We have large numbers of individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), who are on a palliative care path, not by choice, and this is distressing. These guidelines should not be a substitute for ongoing efforts by our government to “move as expeditiously as possible towards the full realisation of the right to healthcare services”, as enshrined in Section 27 of our constitution.We congratulate our nephrology and palliative care community, and thank our visiting Australian colleagues, for well thought out and practical guidelines, which cover all aspects of supportive care for ESRD patients, including effective and caring communication, symptom management, preserving renal function, end-of-life care, care of paediatric patients, and models for setting up a renal palliative care service. The South African Essential Drugs List was used where possible to ensure that the medications are universally available in South Africa. Graham Paget and Vakhtang RekhviashvilliSouth African Renal Society [see PDF file for references]

scholarly journals Chronic kidney disease – pediatric risk factors

PRILOZI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Velibor Tasic ◽  
Aleksandra Janchevska ◽  
Nora Emini ◽  
Emilija Sahpazova ◽  
Zoran Gucev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Pediatric Nephrologist ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
The World ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Standard Risk ◽  
Final Consequence

Abstract The knowledge about the progression of chronic kidney disease is an important issue for every pediatric nephrologist and pediatrician in order to implement appropriate measures to prevent wasting of renal function and the final consequence – end stage renal disease with the need for the dialysis and transplantation. Therefore it is important to know, treat or ameliorate the standard risk factors such as hypertension, proteinuria, anemia, hyperparathyroidism etc. In this review devoted to the World Kidney Day 2016 we will pay attention to the low birth parameters, obesity, hyperuricemia and smoking which emerged as particularly important risk factors for children and adolescent with chronic kidney disease.

scholarly journals Ligustrazine attenuates renal damage by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetic nephropathy by inactivating MAPK pathways

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (39) ◽  
pp. 21816-21822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongling Yang ◽  
Shukun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Mapk Pathways ◽  
The World

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease around the world.

Management of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD)

2021 ◽  
pp. 608-688
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Conservative Care ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The World ◽  
Patients Experience

The number of patients with advanced kidney disease requiring dialysis is increasing in all parts of the world. Managing patients as they transition onto dialysis and providing support and guidance as they make important treatment choices are essential components of a nephrologist’s job. Ensuring timely preparation for dialysis, allowing patients the opportunity to explore all options, including conservative care, and managing individual expectations of dialysis are increasingly important. All nephrologists will manage patients treated with dialysis and therefore it is imperative that they have a sound understanding of different dialysis modalities, how to assess the adequacy of dialysis, and the commonly encountered medical problems dialysis patients experience.

scholarly journals Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk in six regions of the world (ISN-KDDC): a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e307-e319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Ene-Iordache ◽  
Norberto Perico ◽  
Boris Bikbov ◽  
Sergio Carminati ◽  
Andrea Remuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Obesity and kidney disease: Hidden consequences of the epidemic

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Kovesdy ◽  
S Furth ◽  
C Zoccali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Intraglomerular Pressure ◽  
New Onset

Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence has been projected to grow by 40% in the next decade. This increasing prevalence has implications for the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and also for chronic kidney disease (CKD). A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset CKD. In individuals affected by obesity, a compensatory hyperfiltration occurs to meet the heightened metabolic demands of the increased body weight. The increase in intraglomerular pressure can damage the kidneys and raise the risk of developing CKD in the long-term. The incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy has increased tenfold in recent years. Obesity has also been shown to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis, and for a number of malignancies including kidney cancer. This year the World Kidney Day promotes education on the harmful consequences of obesity and its association with kidney disease, advocating healthy lifestyle, and health policy measures that makes preventive behaviors an affordable option.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE THROUGH AYURVEDA – A CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Bhanu Pratap Singh ◽  
Chhaju Ram Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Reduced Renal Function

Chronic kidney disease is progressive forms of renal disorders associated with reduced renal function having no well known etio-pathogenesis. The conventional approach of management includes dialysis and renal transplantation, which are involving the high costs and complexity so very few patients are able to obtain adequate treatment for kidney disorders because of financial limitation. Therefore, exploration of a safe and alternative therapy is needed, which proves to be helpful in reducing the requirement of dialysis and in postponing the renal transplantation. The use of herbal drugs for the prevention and treatment of various diseases is constantly developing throughout the world. The present case is totally treated through Ayurvedic approach and it seems to be effective and safe.

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