Cell Block Optimization: A Comparative Study of Quality Variables in 4 Different Cell Block Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marsali Newman ◽  
Matthew Walsh ◽  
Rosemary Jeffrey ◽  
Richard Hiscock
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Total Processing Time ◽  
Block Methods ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Agar Method ◽  
Md Anderson ◽  
Ancillary Studies

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The cell block (CB) is an important adjunct to cytological preparations in diagnostic cytopathology. Optimizing cellular material in the CB is essential to the success of ancillary studies such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular studies (MS). Our aim was to identify which CB method was most suitable in a variety of specimen types and levels of cellularity. <b><i>Study Design:</i></b> We assessed 4 different CB methods, thrombin clot method (TCM), MD Anderson method (MDAM), gelatin foam method (GFM), and agar method (AM), with descriptive observations and ranking of the methods based on quantity of cells and morphological features. <b><i>Results:</i></b> TCM performed best in ranking for both quantity of cells and morphological features, followed by MDAM, GFM, and AM. Lack of adjuvant in the MDAM resulted in some unique morphological advantages which, however, also resulted in inconsistent performance. In low cellularity cases insufficient cells were frequently identified on slides from MDAM and AM CBs. Technique touch time was similar for all methods, with total processing time being shortest for TCM followed by MDAM, GFM, and AM. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> TCM was the most robust CB technique, retaining high scores for ranking of quantity and morphology in a variety of specimen cellularities and specimen types.

scholarly journals Enhancing Cell Block Quality- A Comparative Study Of Formalin And Agar-Based Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. A258-261
Author(s):  
Shruti Mishra ◽  
Kishore Kumar S. ◽  
Dipanwita Nag
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Agar Method ◽  
User Friendly

Background: There are not many studies conducted in India to compare cell block preparation methods with reagents and materials that are readily available in all laboratories. This study aimed to standardize and compare two simple cell block techniques, which can be done in low resource settings too. In the study, 35 cases of thyroid, lymph node, and breast were collected for both FNA and cell block preparation for six months. Materials and Methods: There were separate passes given for both methods. A total of seventy cell blocks made using formalin and agar methods of preparation. Results: We compared both the methods on technical and morphological levels. The formalin method was overall easy to perform and was yielding good morphological results in 98% cases, the only drawback being cell loss during handling and processing. While in the agar method, there was almost no cell loss, but it was more technically difficult and yielded poorer morphological results. A scoring system was made for cellularity: no cells = 0, hypo-cellular = 1+, hypo-cellular with tissue fragments = 2+, cellular = 3+.18 A score of 2+ and 3+ was scored by 31/35 formalin blocks and 28/35 agar blocks. Conclusions: The sensitivity of both formalin and agar methods are almost comparable. However, the procedure of the formalin method is far more straightforward and user friendly. Moreover, it also provides a better architectural picture than the agar method.

scholarly journals Otomorphs (= otocephalans or ostarioclupeomorphs) revisited

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Arratia
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Heterogeneous Group ◽  
Vertebral Centra ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Gas Bladder ◽  
Parietal Bones ◽  
Freshwater Environments

ABSTRACT A morphological revision is presented here on the cohort Otomorpha, a clade currently interpreted as the most primitive among the large supercohort Clupeocephala. Otomorpha is a morphologically heterogeneous group represented by clupei forms , alepocephaliforms, and ostariophysans (gonorynchiforms, cypriniforms, characiforms, siluriforms, and gymnoti forms) that inhabit various marine and freshwater environments worldwide. Otomorphs have a long (ca. 145 Ma) and diverse fossil record. They are the largest fish teleostean clade worldwide, as well as the largest of the Neotropical Region. While molecular studies strongly confirm the monophyly of Otomorpha, most potential morphological synapomorphies of the group become homoplastic largely due to the peculiar morphological character states (either losses or transformations) present in alepocephaliforms. The fusion of haemal arches with their respective vertebral centra anterior to preural centrum 2 stands as an unambiguous synapomorphy of the clade. The ankylosis or fusion of the extrascapular and parietal bones, and silvery areas associated with the gas bladder are also interpreted as synapomorphies, although they are homoplastic characters mainly due to secondary losses or further transformations of the morphological features in the alepocephaliforms.

scholarly journals Semi-Online Scheduling on Two Machines withGoSLevels and Partial Information of Processing Time

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taibo Luo ◽  
Yinfeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Parallel Machines ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Online Scheduling ◽  
Scheduling Problems ◽  
Total Processing Time ◽  
Grade Of Service ◽  
Two Machines

This paper investigates semi-online scheduling problems on two parallel machines under a grade of service (GoS) provision subject to minimize the makespan. We consider three different semi-online versions with knowing the total processing time of the jobs with higherGoSlevel, knowing the total processing time of the jobs with lowerGoSlevel, or knowing both in advance. Respectively, for the three semi-online versions, we develop algorithms with competitive ratios of3/2,20/13, and4/3which are shown to be optimal.

Cell Block in Cytological Diagnostics: Review of Preparatory Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Krogerus ◽  
Ivana Kholová
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
The Future ◽  
Golden Standard ◽  
Agar Method ◽  
Cytological Diagnostics

Objective: The cell block (CB) technique refers to the processing of sediments, blood clots, or grossly visible tissue fragments from cytological specimens into paraffin blocks that can be cut and stained by the same methods used for histopathology. The technique brings additional tissue architectural information. CB can be used for ancillary techniques such as immunocytochemistry and molecular techniques. Study Design: We reviewed the literature on the various preparatory techniques of CBs. Results: There is a wide range of preparatory techniques for CBs and no golden standard for CBs exists: tens of methods are used in various institutions. The majority of the methods are modified in house techniques with a few commercially available kits. The techniques most commonly used are the plasma/thrombin method, the agar method, and commercially available Histogel- and Cellient CB-methods. Dissatisfaction with the cellular yield of the CBs is common. Conclusions: In the CBs, the cytological material is preserved for future use, which is a tremendous advantage in the era of targeted therapy and biobanking. The CB is thus central to the future of cytology: more can be done with less material and with less invasiveness to the patient.

Manufactured Cell Blocks: Turning Smears into Sections

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kang ◽  
Alina Miranda ◽  
Bastiaan de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Ancillary Studies

Whilst cytological smears are still the basis of cytodiagnosis, there is an increasing role for ancillary testing. Specimens obtained are not always optimal, often with limited material for ancillary studies. Several reports have described the utility of scraping material from cytological smears to manufacture cell blocks to provide material for ancillary studies. Our objective was a retrospective review of the PathWest (QE2) experience with manufactured cell blocks (mCB) over the last 10 years. A total of 178 fine-needle aspiration cases with mCB were extracted from the PathWest database. Data were subdivided into: lymph node (89), breast (31), thyroid (23), soft tissue (13), liver (11), and other sites (11) and were analysed. All available material was reviewed. Diagnostic material was identified in 163 mCB (91.6%). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 149 cases. Positive IHC staining was seen in 139 cases (93.3%) and advanced the diagnosis in 119 cases (79.9%). Molecular studies were performed on 38 mCB with adequate DNA obtained in 37 cases (97.3%). Our review has demonstrated that cellular material scraped from air-dried or prefixed smears can be made into cell blocks. Antigen preservation is adequate to provide diagnostically useful results with IHC whilst DNA integrity is preserved to allow molecular analysis.

Restructured Pork From Hot Processed Sow Meat: Effect of Mechanical Tenderization and Liquid Smoke

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 639-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH C. CORDRAY ◽  
DALE L. HUFFMAN ◽  
WILLIAM R. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Total Processing Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Fully Cooked ◽  
Restructured Pork

A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to study the effect of tenderization and liquid smoke on sensory and physical attribution of a fully cooked restructured pork item. The lean and fat mass was removed intact within 30 min postmortem from sow carcasses and assigned to a tenderized or non-tenderized treatment with and without liquid smoke. The four treatment groups were: non-tenderized, no liquid smoke (NTNS); non-tenderized with liquid smoke (NTS); tenderized, no liquid smoke (TNS); and tenderized with liquid smoke (TS). Mechanical tenderization was accomplished 1 h postmortem and the two original portions were subdivided for a 1% acid-neutralized liquid smoke treatment. Total processing time from exsanguination to a fully cooked product was 8 h. There were no differences (P&gt;0.05) among any of the treatments for cohesiveness, juiciness, flavor or connective tissue scores or cooking loss. The TNS treatment had higher (P&lt;0.06) tension values as determined by Instron measurements than the NTNS treatment. There were initially no practical differences between TBA values for fresh-frozen and cooked-frozen restructured pork. However, after 30 d of storage (−23°C), the cooked-frozen product had significantly higher TBA values than fresh-frozen product.

Two methods for processing yield maps from multiple sensors in large vineyards in California

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 530-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sams ◽  
C. Litchfield ◽  
L. Sanchez ◽  
N. Dokoozlian
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Total Processing Time ◽  
Yield Mapping ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Level Method ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
New Processing

Yield mapping techniques have only recently started to be implemented by the Californian wine grape industry, but the advancement has necessitated new processing methods for large vineyards. The process for mapping large blocks harvested with multiple machines has only recently occurred and implies that their yield monitors have to be calibrated and corrected to the same scale. Here we discuss two methods for processing yield maps at the commercial level. Method 1 depends on many calibrations with delivered fruit weight to a winery. Method 2 normalizes raw files automatically can reduce total processing time by up to 90%.

Right Ventricle Segmentation from Heart using Active Contour Model without Edge and Split Plane Decision

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.33) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ho Chul Kang ◽  
. .
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Active Contour Model ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Total Processing Time ◽  
Anisotropic Diffusion Filter ◽  
Computational Performance ◽  
Volume Of Interest ◽  
Whole Heart ◽  
Cardiac Diagnosis

In this paper, we propose an automatic segmentation method of right ventricle from computed tomography angiography (CTA) using Chan-Vese model and split plane detection. First, we remove noise in the images by applying anisotropic diffusion filter and extract the whole heart using Otsu Thresholding. Second, the volume of interest (VOI) is detected by Chan-Vese model and morpholotical operation. Third, we divide the heart to left and right region using power watershed. Finally we detect split plane which divide right heart to right ventricle and atrium. We tested our method in ten CT images and they were obtained from a different patient. For the evaluation of the computational performance of the proposed method, we measured the total processing time. The average of total processing time, from first step to third step, was 13.92±1.28 s. We expect for our method to be used in cardiac diagnosis for cardiologist.  

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