Is the Erosion-Protective Effect Still Maintained when Tin Concentrations Are Reduced in Mouth Rinse Solutions?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Corina Moser ◽  
Tommy Baumann ◽  
Adrian Lussi ◽  
Thiago Saads Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardness ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pellicle Formation ◽  
Surface Reflection

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> As a preventive measure, tin (Sn<sup>2+</sup>)-containing products have a great potential to prevent enamel surface loss during erosive challenges, but adverse effects of high Sn<sup>2+</sup> concentrations, such as astringent feeling of the teeth, are reported. Therefore, the main aim of this in vitro study was to develop a solution with lower Sn<sup>2+</sup> concentrations that can still prevent dental erosion. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 162 enamel specimens were prepared from human premolars, which were selected from a pool of extracted teeth. The specimens were randomly distributed to 9 groups (each group <i>n</i> = 18 enamel specimens) according to the different test treatments: a humid chamber (no treatment) as the negative control, the commercial Elmex® Erosion Protection mouth rinse as the positive control, and 7 solutions either with lower Sn<sup>2+</sup> concentrations and/or containing flavoring. The experiment included 4 cycles, consisting of pellicle formation by incubating the specimens with 200 μL of human saliva at 37°C for 1 h, then placing the specimens in the treatment for 2 min (60 mL, 30°C, shaking at 70 rpm), and later submitting them to an erosive challenge for 1 min in citric acid (60 mL 1%, pH 3.6, 30°C). Surface hardness was measured with a Vickers diamond and surface reflection intensity was measured with a reflectometer. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The control group performed significantly worse than all other solutions containing Sn<sup>2+</sup>. In general, there were no significant differences among the Sn<sup>2+</sup>-containing groups, and they presented similar protective effects on the enamel even when Sn<sup>2+</sup> concentrations were reduced and flavorings were added. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Sn<sup>2+</sup> concentrations in mouth rinses may be lowered to 200 ppm without compromising the anti-erosive properties of the solution.

Acquired Enamel Pellicle Modification with Casein and Mucin in Different Concentrations and its Impact on Initial Dental Erosion

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Sieber ◽  
Christoph Schmidt ◽  
Tommy Baumann ◽  
Adrian Lussi ◽  
Thiago S. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Pellicle Formation ◽  
Surface Reflection ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
H 30

Casein and mucin have been shown to improve the erosion-protective properties of the pellicle when applied in combination. The aim of this in vitro study was to optimize the concentrations of these 2 proteins to achieve a maximum protective effect. For the 2 parts of this study, we prepared a total of 195 human enamel specimens and randomly assigned them to 13 groups, corresponding to 11 different casein-mucin concentration-combinations tested and 2 negative control groups (humid chamber). They underwent 5 cycles, consisting of pellicle formation from human whole saliva (2 h, 30°C), modification of the pellicle with casein and mucin in different concentrations (immersion in protein solutions for 2 h, 30°C), and erosion for 1 min in citric acid (0.65%, pH 3.5, 30°C). Surface microhardness (SMH), surface reflection intensity (SRI), and in the first part also calcium release were monitored during the cycling process, and analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn’s tests. The results suggest that the best concentrations to achieve the highest erosion-protective effect are 3.0% casein and 0.81% mucin, which lead to a significant protection as measured by SMH as well as SRI compared to the unmodified pellicle. For the calcium release, no significant differences were found. This concentration combination corresponds to a general raise of the protein concentrations and a change in the molar ratio of the proteins as compared to earlier studies. Casein and mucin could now be incorporated at the determined concentration as natural ingredients in oral care products designed to protect against erosion.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the apical microleakage of MTA Fillapex, AH26, and Endofill sealers

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Galledar ◽  
Robab Farhang ◽  
Malek Abazari ◽  
Parisa Negahdar
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Test Group ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dye Penetration ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Proper apical seal plays an important role in the success of root canal treatment. The most common cause of failure of root canal therapy is known as the lack of adequate apical seal. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the apical microleakage of MTA Fillapex, , and Endofill sealers using dye penetration method. Material and Methods: In this in vitro study, 72 single-rooted extracted human teeth were selected. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 20 and two positive and negative control groups of 6. The canals were prepared by step-back technique and then filled with gutta-percha and one of the sealers mentioned. In the positive control group, the canals were filled with gutta-percha without sealer, and in the negative control group, the canals were prepared but not filled. The teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 72 hours. The teeth were then cut longitudinally and the level of dye penetration was measured under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 19 software, ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Results: The mean level of dye penetration in the Endofill test group was significantly higher than that in the  and MTA Fillapex test groups. While, the observed difference between  and MTA Fillapex groups was not statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that  and MTA Fillapex sealers did not show any significant difference in apical seal properties. However, their sealing strength was significantly greater than Endofill sealer.KeywordsAH26 sealer; Endofill; MTA Fillapex; Microleakag

scholarly journals Effect of Incorporation of Disinfectants on Surface Hardness and Dimensional Accuracy of Die Stone: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Anubhuti Bakshi ◽  
Rajat Dang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate surface hardness and dimensional accuracy of type IV dental stone after incorporation of disinfectants. Materials and methods A total of 100 specimens, 50 (40 mm⨯ 10 mm) disk shaped and 50 frustum cone shaped, were fab- ricated from type IV dental stone after incorporation of various disinfectants, namely glutaraldehyde (2%), iodophor (1.76%), chlorhexidine (2%), and sodium hypochlorite (1%), for evaluation of surface hardness and dimensional accuracy. Surface hardness was tested after 1- and 24-hour time interval using Rockwell hard- ness testing machine. Dimensional accuracy was measured using traveling microscope. Data obtained were compiled and analyzed statistically by using analysis of variance and post hoc test. Results Results showed significant decrease in surface hard- ness of samples incorporated with disinfectants at 1 hour as compared with control (distilled water). Surface hardness of all the samples increased with time and was almost equal to control group at 24-hour interval, with iodophor showing the maximum value in comparison with the other disinfectants used. When dimensional accuracy of all the groups was compared, iodophor and sodium hypochlorite were found to cause negative alterations. Conclusion Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it was concluded that incorporation of disinfectants in die stone during mixing did not affect the hardness value at 24-hour interval. Dimensional accuracy was altered by iodophor and sodium hypochlorite, but remained unaffected by chlorhexidine and glutaraldehyde. How to cite this article Bakshi A, Dang R. Effect of Incorpo- ration of Disinfectants on Surface Hardness and Dimensional Accuracy of Die Stone An in vitro Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(3):86-91.

scholarly journals Effects of Additional Use of Bioactive Glasses or a Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste on Remineralization of Artificial Lesions in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-342
Author(s):  
Philipp Körner ◽  
Jana A Schleich ◽  
Daniel B. Wiedemeier ◽  
Thomas Attin ◽  
Florian J. Wegehaupt
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Test Group ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bioactive Glasses ◽  
Initial Caries

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of two different bioactive glasses, a hydroxyapatite-containing, fluoride-free toothpaste (HTP) and a fluoride toothpaste (FTP) on the remineralization behavior of initial caries lesions. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A total of 100 bovine enamel samples were randomly allocated to five groups of 20 samples each: NC = negative control group (artificial saliva); HTP = HTP group (Karex); FTP = FTP group (Elmex caries protection, 1,400 ppm); FTP + BG<sub>nano</sub> = FTP followed by Actimins bioactive glass; FTP + BG<sub>amorph</sub> = FTP followed by Schott bioactive glass. Radiographic documentation (advanced transversal microradiography; aTMR) was applied before and after all samples were exposed to a demineralizing gel for 10 days. Over a period of 28 days, samples were covered twice a day (every 12 h) with a toothpaste slurry of the respective test group or with artificial saliva in NC for 60 s and brushed with 15 brushing strokes. Samples in FTP + BG<sub>nano</sub> and FTP + BG<sub>amorph</sub> were additionally treated with the respective bioactive glass slurry for 30 s after brushing with the FTP. In the meantime, all samples were stored in artificial saliva. After 28 days, the structure of all samples was assessed again using aTMR and compared to the values measured after demineralization. The statistical evaluation of the integrated mineral loss was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a post hoc Conover test. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The FTP revealed the significantly highest increase of mineral content while the HTP showed the significantly lowest remineralization. Compared to artificial saliva, the use of the HTP or the combined application of FTP followed by bioactive glasses (FTP + BG<sub>nano</sub> and FTP + BG<sub>amorph</sub>) showed no significant remineralization. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Under remineralizing in vitro conditions, brushing with 1,400 ppm FTP induced significantly more remineralization compared to storage in artificial saliva. The additional administration of both bioactive glasses as well as the substitutional brushing with an HTP resulted in significantly less remineralization compared to brushing with 1,400 ppm FTP.

scholarly journals Comparison of MTA, CEM Cement, and Biodentine as Coronal Plug during Internal Bleaching: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Paridokht Zarean ◽  
Parichehr Zarean ◽  
Arash Ravaghi ◽  
Maryam Zare Jahromi ◽  
Mitra Sadrameli
Keyword(s):  
Root Resorption ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Cem Cement ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. Internal bleaching is a choice of treatment in discolored endodontically treated teeth. Cervical root resorption is one of the important complications of this treatment. A suggested procedure to prevent this type of resorption is using a coronal barrier under the bleaching materials. The aim of the study was to compare the microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement, and Biodentine. Materials and Methods. In this in vitro study, a total of 60 single canal incisors were included. They were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 16), one positive control group (n = 6), and one negative control group (n = 6). Coronal portion of the canals in the experimental groups was sealed with 3 mm of MTA, CEM cement, or Biodentine as a coronal barrier. After 3 days, specimens were bleached. A fresh Enterococcus faecalis suspension was added to the samples. The culture tubes were observed for 45 days, and the daily turbidity was recorded. Statistical analysis was accomplished by the Kaplan–Meier test and SPSS 22. Results. All positive samples showed turbidity, whereas none of the negative samples allowed bacterial leakage. Results showed no significant difference between MTA, CEM cement, and Biodentine groups. ( P value = 0.304, 0.695, and 0.217). The bacterial microleakage for the two groups also did not show significant differences. Conclusions. CEM cement and Biodentine showed promising results as coronal plug, and clinical studies are needed to test these materials with MTA for avoiding microleakage in internal bleaching treatment.

scholarly journals Adjunct use of mouth rinses with a sonic toothbrush accelerates the detachment of a Streptococcus mutans biofilm: an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Ohsumi ◽  
Shoji Takenaka ◽  
Yuuki Sakaue ◽  
Yuki Suzuki ◽  
Ryoko Nagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the possible enhancement of the biofilm peeling effect of a sonic toothbrush following the use of an antimicrobial mouth rinse.Methods: The biofilm at a noncontact site in the interdental area was treated by sound wave convection with the test solution or by immersion in the solution. The biofilm peeling effect was evaluated by determining the bacterial counts and performing morphological observations. A Streptococcus mutans biofilm was allowed to develop on composite resin discs by cultivation with stirring at 50 rpm for 72 hours. The specimens were then placed in recesses located between plastic teeth and divided into an immersion group and a combination group. The immersion group was treated with phosphate buffer, Peridex™ mouth rinse or Listerine® mouth rinse. The combination group was treated with Peridex™ or Listerine® and a sonic toothbrush.Results: The biofilm thickness was reduced by approximately one-half compared with the control group. The combination treatment produced a 1 log reduction in the number of bacteria compared to the Listerine® immersion treatment. No significant difference was observed in the biofilm peeling effect of the immersion group compared to the control group.Conclusions: The combined use of a sonic toothbrush and a mouth rinse enhanced the peeling of the biofilm that proliferates in places that are difficult to reach using mechanical stress.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIFITAS JUS LIDAH BUAYA DAN KLORHEXIDIN 0.06% TERHADAP JUMLAH KOLONI STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS SALIVA ANAK DENGAN KARIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Shanty Chairani ◽  
Sri W Rais ◽  
Rani Purba ◽  
Amalia AH
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Control Group Design

Background: Aloe vera contains active components such as antrhaquinones,saponin, glucomannans, and acemannans that have been known for its antimicrobial properties. In vitro study showed that Aloe vera extract can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Studies reported that children with caries have high level of salivary S. mutans which is the main pathogen in dental caries. The gold standard mouthrinse for dental caries is chlorhexidine gluconate, but it has several side effects. The objective of this study was to compare the effect between Aloe vera juice and 0.06% chlorhexidine mouth rinse on salivary S. mutans in children with caries.Methods: This experimental research with pretest and post-test control group design conducted on 30 children (6-12 years old) with number of carious teeth >4. Subjects divided into 2 groups: Aloe vera juice group and 0.06% chlorhexidine group, which instructed to rinse their mouth with 10 ml stated mouthwash, twice a day, during 7-day period. Unstimulated saliva was collected at baseline and after 7 days then inoculated on mitis salivarius bacitracin agar. S. mutans were counted and expressed in CFU/ml. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test.Result: The result showed that a significant reduction in salivary S.mutanscounts was observed with Aloe vera juice mouth rinse and 0.06% chlorhexidine (p<0.05). The mean reduction of S. mutans counts was not statistically significantly between grup (p>0.05).Conclusion: These findings suggest that Aloe vera juice can reduce salivary S. mutans in children with caries so it can be considered as alternative mouthwash to prevent caries.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Research Study on the Cytotoxicity of Expired and Non-expired Composite Resins: In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Magrur Kazak DDS, PhD ◽  
Nazmiye Donmez DDS, PhD ◽  
Fatemeh Bahadori PhD ◽  
Vildan Betul Yenigun PhD ◽  
Abdurrahim Kocyigit MD, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preliminary Research

Objective: Studies have focused on use of non-expired composites. Unfortunately some clinicians still use expired composite resins without considering their effects. The objective of this in vitro preliminary research was to investigate cytotoxicity of expired(6-months) and non-expired composite resins. Materials and methods: Expired (E) and non-expired (NE) samples of one bulk-fill (Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fill [TNB], Ivoclar Vivadent), two nano-hybrid (Tetric N-Ceram [TN], Ivoclar Vivadent; Clearfil Majesty ES-2 [CM], Kuraray) composite resins were tested on L929 fibroblast cells. Medium covering cells was removed then plastic rings (2-mm height) were filled with non-polymerized composite resins, placed in direct contact with cells and polymerized with LED light curing unit (LCU). Three samples were prepared for each group. After polymerization, removed medium was added to the cells. Cells that were left without medium (WOM) and cells that were exposed to LCU were used as positive control groups. Cells without any treatment were used as negative control group (C). Cells were incubated with tested materials for 7-days to evaluate cytotoxicity. Cell viability was calculated by sulforhodamine B test as a percentage (%). One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical analyses (p<0.05). Results: Comparison between E and NE groups of same composite resins did not result in statistically significant differences (p>0.05), except between TN NE and TN E (p<0.05). TN E group was significantly more cytotoxic than TN NE group. When NE composite resin groups were compared to each other, statistically significant difference was only obtained between TNB NE and TN NE (p<0.05). Among all tested groups, TN NE group showed the least cytotoxic profile. No statistically significant differences were determined when E composite resin groups were compared to each other (p>0.05). All experimental groups compared with C group showed statistically significant cytotoxicity (p<0.05). A statistically significant difference existed between LCU and C groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: In clinical practice, expired composite resins should never be used. Although a correlation was found between expiration dates of nano-hybrid composite resins and cell viability, opposite data were obtained for bulk-fill composite resin. Researches are still required to evaluate biocompatibility of bulk-fill composite resins at various thicknesses with current LCUs.

scholarly journals In vitro study of potential antibacterial pometia pinnata leaf extract in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

MEDISAINS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Gandi Ari Savitri Widayani ◽  
Muhammad Choiroel Anwar ◽  
Sudirman Sudirman
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Extract Concentration

Background: Gonorrhea cases experiencing antibiotic resistance are increasing due to inadequate treatment or failure to contribute to an increase in antibiotic resistance cases; WHO suggests adding herbal therapy treatment methods is expected to minimize the occurrence of drug resistance as much as possible. Previous studies that have been carried out using other herbal plants have not shown any potential to inhibit the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria, seen from the amount of extract concentration and the dosage and content of the compounds in the contents monitoring the time.Objective: To analyze the difference in the effect of various concentrations of Matoa Leafs Extract (Pometia Pinnata) compared to 500mg Levofloxacin on the increase in the growth inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Methods: This is true-experimental research with a post-test-only control group with a randomized design. The sample in this study was the microorganism Neisseria gonorrhoeae obtained through vaginal swabs in 2 females (FSW) positive for Gonorrhea by gram staining and microscopic examination and culture on Chocolate Agar Plant (CAP) media. The culture was then suspended in CAP media. Matoa Leaf extract concentration of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, positive control with Levofloxacin 500 mg and negative control with distilled water with four replications and monitoring in 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours. Data analysis used Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and cohen's test. Result: Levofloxacin 500mg in inhibiting Neisseria Gonorrhoeae bacteria is very effective, and Matoa Leaf extracts 60% and 40% P=0,026 have a strong enough potential to inhibit the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria with the same potential strength. The cohen's test 1.4 effect the levofloxacin 500mg provides a significant influence inhibiting Neisseria Gonorrhoeae.Conclusion: Matoa Leaf extract 60%, and 40% have solid antibacterial potential, although not as strong as Levofloxacin 500mg.

Anti-allergic assessment of ethanol extractives of Quisqualis Indica Linn.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Chaudhary ◽  
Rajnish Srivastava ◽  
Hemant Nagar
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disodium Cromoglycate ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Aim:: The present work was aimed to find out the anti-allergic activity of ethanol extracts of Quisqualis indica Linn. (EEQI) by in-vitro and in-vivo murine models. Background:: Worldwide, the rise in prevalence of allergic diseases has continued in the industrialized world for more than 50 years. Worldwide, 0.05–2% of the population is estimated to experience anaphylaxis at some point in life. Quisqualis Indica Linn in an ornamental plant that have been rarely used as a herbal medicines, however presence of polyphenols and flavonoids have been reported to possessed anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and immunomodulatory activity which have some pathological relevance with anaphylaxis. Objective:: The objective of the present research was to investigate, scientifically explored and understand the probable antianaphylactic mechanism of ethanol extracts of Quisqualis indica Linn. via different preclinical models. Material and Method:: In-vitro study was done on de-granulated mesenteric mast cells induced by compound 48/80 and invivo study was done by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model. In the in-vitro study degranulated mesenteric cells were grouped into negative control (compound 48/80 treated), positive control (Disodium cromoglycate + 48/80 treated) and 3 test groups (EEQI 10 μg/ml + 48/80 treated, EEQI 50 μg/ml + 48/80 treated and EEQI 100 μg/ml + 48/80 treated). The number of degranulated mast cells was counted and compared within the different treatment groups. In the in-vivo study the rats were first grouped into negative control (vehicle only), positive control (Disodium cromoglycate) and 2 test groups (EEQI: 100 and 200 mg/kilogram). The animals were pretreated for 12 days. On the 12th day all the rats were immunized with serum anti-ovalbumin (obtained from an already sensitized rat) by the intradermal route. After 24 h of serum injection, Evans blue dye containing oval albumin was administered intravenously in all groups. Three days later, the rats were taken down for the severity of the anaphylactic reactions. Result:: EEQI significantly attenuate mast cell degranulation and maintain the cell intactness as compared to control (P < 0.001). It was set up to support the degree of anaphylaxis as compared to control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion:: The outcomes of the work revealed the preventive effect of Quisqualis indica Linn. against allergic manifestations.

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