Lower Cord Blood IL-17 and IL-25, but Not Other Epithelial Cell-Derived Cytokines Are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis in Infancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Cristina Gamez ◽  
Jessica Metcalfe ◽  
Susan L. Prescott ◽  
Debra J. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Maternal Influences ◽  
Potential Biomarker

<b><i>Background:</i></b> There is a growing need for early biomarkers that may predict the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). As alterations in skin barrier may be a primary event in disease pathogenesis, epithelial cell (EC) cytokines expression patterns may be a potential biomarker in early life to target allergy preventive strategies towards “at-risk” infants. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this longitudinal investigation was to examine from birth over the course of infancy levels of the EC cytokines: thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-33, IL-25, and IL-17 in infants at high-risk of AD due to maternal atopy. <b><i>Method:</i></b> We collected (<i>n</i> = 31) cord blood samples from atopic mothers and followed up their infants at 4–6 and 12 months of age for collection of peripheral venous blood samples and diagnosis of AD. TSLP concentration was measured by ELISA after acetone precipitation of the samples. IL-33, IL-25, and IL-17 levels were measured by Luminex. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Seven infants who developed AD had lower levels of IL-25 and IL-17 at birth compared to the 24 infants who did not develop AD by 12 months of age. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Lower cord blood levels of IL-17 and IL-25, but not other EC cytokines, were associated with the onset of AD during infancy. Our results highlight that the in-utero period appears critical, and potential maternal influences on cord blood EC-derived cytokine concentrations requires further exploration.

Arterio-Venous Differences in the Components of the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 032-037 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ogston ◽  
C. M Ogston ◽  
N. B Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Male Subjects

Summary1. The concentration of the major components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system was compared in venous and arterial blood samples from male subjects.2. The plasminogen activator concentration was higher in venous blood and the arterio-venous difference increased as its concentration rose, but the ratio of the arterial to venous level remained constant.3. No arterio-venous difference was found for anti-urokinase activity, antiplasmin, plasminogen and fibrinogen.4. It is concluded that venous blood determinations of the components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system reflect satisfactorily arterial blood levels.

Lipoprotein(a) Levels at Birth and in Early Childhood - The COMPARE Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Strandkjær ◽  
Malene Kongsgaard Hansen ◽  
Sofie Taageby Nielsen ◽  
Ruth Frikke-Schmidt ◽  
Anne Tybjærg-Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Compare Study

Abstract Background and objective High lipoprotein(a) is a genetically determined causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease and 20% of the adult population has high levels (i.e. &gt;42 mg/dL, &gt;88 nmol/L). We investigated whether early life lipoprotein(a) levels measured in cord blood may serve as a proxy for neonatal venous blood levels, whether lipoprotein(a) birth levels (i.e. cord or venous) predict levels later in life, and whether early life and parental levels correlate. Methods The COMPARE study is a prospective cohort study of newborns (N=450) from Copenhagen, Denmark including blood sampling of parents. Plasma lipoprotein(a) was measured in cord blood (N=402), neonatal venous blood (N=356), and at 2 (N=320) and 15 months follow-up (N=148) of infants, and in parents (N=705). Results Mean lipoprotein(a) levels were 2.2(95%CI:1.9-2.5), 2.4(2.0-2.7), 4.1(3.4-4.9), and 14.6(11.4-17.9) mg/dL in cord, neonatal venous, and 2- and 15-months venous samples, respectively. Lipoprotein(a) levels in cord blood correlated strongly with neonatal venous blood levels (R2=0.95, p&lt;0.001) and neonatal levels correlated moderately with 2- and 15-months levels (R2=0.68 and 0.67, both p&lt;0.001). Birth levels ≥90th percentile predicted lipoprotein(a) &gt;42 mg/dL at 15 months with positive predictive values of 89% and 85% for neonatal venous and cord blood. Neonatal and infant levels correlated weakly with parental levels, most pronounced at 15 months (R2=0.22, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions Lipoprotein(a) levels are low in early life, cord blood may serve as a proxy for neonatal venous blood, and birth levels ≥90th percentile can identify newborns at risk of developing high levels.

scholarly journals Association study of rs1801282 PPARG gene polymorphism and immune cells and cytokine levels in a Spanish pregnant women cohort and their offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria García-Ricobaraza ◽  
Mercedes García-Bermúdez ◽  
Francisco J. Torres-Espinola ◽  
M. Teresa Segura Moreno ◽  
Mathieu N. Bleyere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Immune Parameters

Abstract Background Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily functioning as transcription factors to regulate cellular differentiation, development and metabolism. Moreover, it has been implicated in the regulation of lipid metabolism, as well as the maturation of monocytes/macrophages and the control of inflammatory reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Pro12Ala (rs1808212) PPARG gene polymorphism on immune molecular and cellular components in mothers and their offspring participating in the PREOBE study. Methods DNA from maternal venous blood samples at 24, 34 and 40 gestational weeks, plus cord blood samples was extracted. Pro12Ala PPARG polymorphism genotyping was performed, and immune system markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Study findings revealed no effect of rs1808212 PPARG genotypes on innate immune parameters in mothers and their offspring; however, CD4 + /CD8 + ratio were decreased at 24 and 34 weeks in pregnant women carrying the CG (Pro12Ala) rs1808212 polymorphism, (p = 0,012 and p = 0,030; respectively). Only CD19 levels in peripheral blood were significantly higher at delivery in pregnant women carrying the CC (Pro12Pro) genotype (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in leukocytes and neutrophils maternal levels at 34 weeks of gestation, being lower in carriers of Pro12Ala genotype (p = 0.028 and p = 0.031, respectively). Conclusions Results suggest that Pro12Ala PPARG polymorphism may have an effect on some cell and immune parameters in pregnant women during pregnancy and at time of delivery. However, newborn innate immune system does not seems to be influenced by PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism in cord blood.

Total creatine kinase (CK) and CK-B activity in maternal blood and cord-blood samples after vaginal and cesarean births.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1498-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Liras ◽  
V Diaz ◽  
C Alvarez ◽  
J Arenas ◽  
R Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cesarean Births ◽  
Total Creatine

Abstract We studied variations in the activity of total creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) and of CK-B in maternal and cord-blood samples, comparing data obtained for vaginal and cesarean births. CK-B activity was determined with an immunoinhibition assay. In all cases, there was a significant postpartum increase in total CK and in CK-B activity in maternal sera, whereas cord-blood samples showed no significant differences between activities in arterial and venous blood for either vaginal or cesarean births. Statistically significant differences were found in CK-B activity, but not in total CK, between cord-blood samples from vaginal births and those from cesareans.

Effects of moderate- to high-level physical performance on blood levels of cardiac biomarkers in extreme conditions of Antarctica

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Brat ◽  
Zdeněk Merta ◽  
Pavel Ševčík
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
High Level

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of extreme climatic conditions (particularly cold) on levels of cardiac biomarkers after moderate- to high-level physical performance in members of the 6th and 7th Czech Antarctic Scientific Expeditions during their field work in Antarctica. A study evaluating performance-related changes in levels of cardiac biomarkers in extreme conditions of Antarctica. A total of 35 venous blood samples were collected and analyzed from 17 subjects. The first series of blood samples were collected prior to physical performance, the second 8 to 12 hours post-exercise. The third series of samples were collected only in those subjects where pathological values were detected previously. In 1 subject (12.5%), an increase in NT-proBNP level lasting 24 hours was present after physical performance. Interestingly, none of the individuals had a rise in TnT and DD blood levels following physical exertion. We didn’t find changes in TnT and DD blood levels comparable with changes reported in athletes after a marathon. In only one subject, transitional elevation od NT-proBNP was present. This finding might be due to protective effects of cold on cardiac cells. The effects of physical performance and of work in polar regions should be better investigated in future studies.

scholarly journals Micro-RNAs miR-375-3p and miR-7-5p are released alongside ACTH from corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helvijs Niedra ◽  
Raitis Peculis ◽  
Ilze Konrade ◽  
Inga Balcere ◽  
Mihails Romanovs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acth Secreting

Objective: Circulating miRNAs are found in bodily fluids including plasma and can serve as biomarkers for diseases. The aim of this study was to provide the first insight into the landscape of circulating miRNAs in close proximity to the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting PitNET. To achieve this objective next-generation sequencing of miRNAs in plasma from bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) - a gold standard in diagnosing ACTH-secreting PitNETs, was carried out. Methods: Sinistral (left) and dextral (right) BIPSS blood samples of the patient were collected in three time points: before the administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone, 5 and 15 minutes after stimulation. Peripheral venous blood samples were also collected 24 hours before and after BIPSS and before the resection of PitNET and 24 hours after. In differential expression analysis sinistral plasma was compared with dextral. Results: BIPSS concluded that the highest amount of ACTH was released in the sinistral side at the 5th minute mark indicating a presence of tumor. The highest amount of differentially expressed miRNAs was observed 5 minutes after stimulation (20 upregulated, 14 downregulated). At the 5th minute mark in sinistral plasma, two miRNAs were identified: hsa-miR-7-5p and hsa-miR-375-3p that were highly upregulated compared to other BIPSS samples and peripheral plasma samples. Clustering analysis showed that BIPSS plasma differs from peripheral plasma in miRNA expression patterns. Conclusions: data indicates that ACTH-secreting PitNET actively releases two circulating miRNAs upon stimulation with CRH (hsa-mir-7-5p, hsa-mir-375-3p) alongside with ACTH implying further studies of these miRNA as diagnostic markers are needed.

Neuroimmunomodulation in Cancer Patients: Correlations between Melatonin and ß-Endorphin Blood Levels and T Helper/Suppressor Ratio

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barni ◽  
P. Lissoni ◽  
S. Crispino ◽  
G. Cattaneo ◽  
F. Rovelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Neuroendocrine Control ◽  
Immune Dysfunctions

The pineal gland and opioid peptides play roles in the neuroendocrine control of immunity. Both neuroendocrine and immune dysfunctions have been observed in cancer but the importance of the altered secretion of neurohormones in the immunoincompetence of cancer patients has never been investigated. This study concomitantly evaluated neuroendocrine and immune functions in 40 patients with early or advanced neoplastic disease. In each patient, melatonin and β-endorphin blood levels and lymphocyte subtypes were determined on venous blood samples collected during the morning. Metastatic patients had lower melatonin levels and a lower T4/T8 ratio than patients without metastases but no significant correlation was found between melatonin and the T4/T8 ratio. β-endorphin levels appeared to be normal in all patients. These results suggest that melatonin and β-endorphin secretion have no role in determining immune dysfunctions in cancer.

scholarly journals Human Epididymis Protein 4 Levels in Neonates with Respiratory Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Piotr Surmiak ◽  
Martyna Szymkowiak ◽  
Małgorzata Baumert
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Human Epididymis Protein 4 ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Human Epididymis

Introduction. Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is one of the most common causes of respiratory distress in the full-term neonates. The diagnosis of TTN in early postnatal period remains problematic for clinicians, and unfortunately, there exist no reliable diagnostic tests for TTN. The elevated human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) levels were observed in the cases of severe bronchitis, pneumonia, and inflammatory processes. However, little is known about the fluctuation of this biomarker concentrations in respiratory disorders in neonatal period. The authors investigated the HE4 levels found in the umbilical cord blood and venous blood samples of the newborns with respiratory disorder (TTN) and blood samples of their mothers. Materials and Methods. The investigated neonates were divided into two groups: 23 neonates with the respiratory insufficiency (transient tachypnea of the newborn, TTN) as the study group and 28 newborns of healthy mothers constituted the control group (CG). The C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) as well as HE4 levels were determined in umbilical cord blood and venous blood for all the examined neonates and their mothers. Results. There were no differences found in the HE4 levels determined for the mothers’ blood samples and umbilical cord blood samples in all investigated groups. In comparison with healthy children, the elevated HE4 levels were observed in neonates with TTN. Significant positive correlation between HE4 and CRP as well as PCT levels was observed in all investigated neonates. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated the cut-off value for the serum HE4 in the researched neonates at the level of 318.5 pmol/L, yielding the sensitivity of 73.9% and specificity of 66.7% for the early diagnosis of TTN. Conclusions. Serum HE4 could be considered as a candidate biomarker for the early diagnosis of pulmonary dysfunction in the newborns.

scholarly journals Vasopressin but Not Oxytocin Responds to Birth Stress in Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Fill Malfertheiner ◽  
Evelyn Bataiosu-Zimmer ◽  
Holger Michel ◽  
Sotirios Fouzas ◽  
Luca Bernasconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Base Deficit ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Birth Stress

ContextBirth triggers a large fetal neuroendocrine response, which is more pronounced in infants born vaginally than in those born by elective cesarean section (ECS). The two related peptides arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) play an essential role in peripheral and central stress adaptation and have a shared receptor mediating their function. Elevated cord blood levels of AVP and its surrogate marker copeptin, the C-terminal part of AVP prohormone, have been found after vaginal delivery (VD) as compared to ECS, while release of OT in response to birth is controversial. Moreover, AVP, copeptin and OT have not yet been measured simultaneously at birth.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that AVP but not OT levels are increased in infants arterial umbilical cord blood in response to birth stress and to characterize AVP secretion in direct comparison with plasma copeptin.MethodsIn a prospective single-center cross-sectional study, we recruited healthy women with a singleton pregnancy and more than 36 completed weeks of gestation delivering via VD or ECS (cesarean without prior uterine contractions or rupture of membranes). Arterial umbilical cord blood samples were collected directly after birth, centrifuged immediately and plasma samples were frozen. Concentrations of AVP and OT were determined by radioimmunoassay and that of copeptin by ultrasensitive immunofluorescence assay.ResultsA total of 53 arterial umbilical cord blood samples were collected, n = 29 from VD and n = 24 from ECS. Ten venous blood samples from pregnant women without stress were collected as controls. AVP and copeptin concentrations were significantly higher in the VD group than in the ECS group (both p &lt; 0.001), median (range) AVP 4.78 (2.38–8.66) vs. 2.38 (1.79–3.88) (pmol/L), copeptin 1692 (72.1–4094) vs. 5.78 (3.14–17.97), respectively, (pmol/L). In contrast, there was no difference in OT concentrations (pmol/L) between VD and ECS, 6.00 (2.71–7.69) vs. 6.14 (4.26–9.93), respectively. AVP and copeptin concentrations were closely related (Rs = 0.700, p &lt; 0.001) while OT did not show any correlation to either AVP or copeptin. In linear regression models, vaginal delivery and biochemical stress indicators, base deficit and pH, were independent predictors for both AVP and copeptin. OT was not linked to base deficit or pH.ConclusionVaginal birth causes a profound secretion of AVP and copeptin in infants. Whereas AVP indicates acute stress events, copeptin provides information on cumulative stress events over a longer period. In contrast, fetal OT is unaffected by birth stress. Thus, AVP signaling but not OT mediates birth stress response in infants. This unique hormonal activation in early life may impact neurobehavioral development in whole life.

scholarly journals Reference intervals for complete blood count from Umbilical Cord Blood in newborns and comparison with Venous Blood Values

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Gündüz ◽  
Hayrettin Temel
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Blood Samples

Background and Objective: Umbilical cord blood which can be obtained by a non-invasive method can be informative about the clinical status of the newborn. It was aimed to establish reference intervals for umbilical cord blood parameters, and to compare complete blood count results between umbilical cord and venous blood samples in this study. Methods: This study was conducted at Medipol University Sefaköy Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey. A total of 1898 newborns who were born in a two-year period between January 2018 and December 2019 were included in the study. Venous blood samples were taken from 184 of them, and umbilical cord blood samples were taken from 1714 newborns. Results: The percentiles were determined according to gender and delivery method for the hematological parameters of umbilical cord blood. While mean platelet, eosinophil and mean corpuscular volume values ​​were similar between the groups (p>0.05 for each), and significant differences were found between the groups in terms of all other mean hematological parameters ​​(p<0.05 for each). Conclusion: The results of the complete blood count of umbilical cord blood samples can provide reliable information about the newborn. There are significant differences between umbilical cord and venous blood samples in terms of hematological parameters. For these reasons, it is necessary to determine reliable value ranges for umbilical cord blood hematological parameters in newborns. Data of our study can be a guide for further studies and clinicians. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2526 How to cite this:Gunduz M, Temel H. Reference intervals for complete blood count from Umbilical Cord Blood in newborns and comparison with Venous Blood Values. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2526 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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