Radiation-Associated Glioblastoma after Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in a Patient of ALL: Review of Literature and Report of a Rare Case

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ahitagni Biswas ◽  
Lakhan Kashyap ◽  
Sameer Bakhshi
Keyword(s):  
Rare Complication ◽  
Cranial Irradiation ◽  
Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Recurrent Tumour ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Rapid Disease Progression ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Eventual Death

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The cumulative incidence of radiation-induced second malignancy is 1–2% per decade after radiotherapy (RT). Radiation-induced malignant glioma (RIMG) is a rare complication of cranial RT. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> We herein describe a case of left frontal glioblastoma arising 5 years after prophylactic cranial irradiation (12.6 Gy/7 fractions/1.5 weeks) as a part of INCTR-02-04 protocol in a 3-year-old boy with B-cell ALL. He underwent gross total excision (GTE) of the tumour followed by post-operative intensity modulated RT (59.4 Gy/33 fractions/6.5 weeks) and concurrent and adjuvant (3 cycles) temozolomide. Thereafter, he had rapid disease progression, which entailed re-excision of the recurrent tumour. Subsequently, there was widespread subependymal and leptomeningeal spread of tumour, leading to death 10.5 months after the initial diagnosis. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> RIMG is an aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis, and in spite of multimodality management, it exhibits relentless progression, occasionally characterized by subependymal and leptomeningeal dissemination, leading to eventual death within a year of diagnosis.

scholarly journals Radiation induced angiosarcoma of the hypopharynx: a rare case report and review of literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-106
Author(s):  
Eyad Darraj
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Estimated Risk ◽  
Post Radiation

Radiation-induced sarcoma in the head and neck is a long-term rare complication of radiation therapy, with an estimated risk of up to 0.3%. The incidence of these sarcomas is, however, likely to increase due to the progressive aging of the population combined with improved survival in head and neck cancer patients resulting from better treatment regimes. This is a case of post -radiation sarcoma of the hypopharynx radiated for tongue carcinoma previously. This case is reported to high light a rare but devastating complication of radiotherapy that is to be kept in mind during follow up.

scholarly journals Acute Appendicitis Associated With Typhoid Fever: A Case Report and Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Sanaz Mehrabani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Important Complication ◽  
Chief Complaints

Introduction: Appendicitis could be a rare complication of Salmonella Typhi infection.  Case Presentation: we present a 13-year-old girl with typhoid fever with histology-proven acute appendicitis as a rare complication of Salmonella Typhi infection. The patient was admitted to the hospital with the chief complaints of fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting for more than one week. A brief review of relevant literature was also performed to explore more this rare cause of a common emergency surgical procedure.  Conclusions: In all cases with typhoid fever with persistent diarrhea and vomiting, localized abdominal pain, probable acute appendicitis should be considered as an important complication.

Neurobehavioral sequelae of cranial irradiation in adults: a review of radiation-induced encephalopathy.

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Crossen ◽  
D Garwood ◽  
E Glatstein ◽  
E A Neuwelt
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Cranial Irradiation ◽  
Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Radiation Encephalopathy ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes

PURPOSE To examine behavioral dimensions of treatment outcomes for patients receiving cranial irradiation. Radiation encephalopathy is one of these and refers to significant cognitive and emotional dysfunction following radiation therapy to the brain. Issues of definition, estimated incidence, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and recommended research designs are reviewed in relationship to functional neurobehavioral outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-nine studies of adults receiving therapeutic cranial irradiation (TCI) involving 748 patients and 18 studies of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) involving 368 patients are reviewed. Assessment of patient outcomes are summarized for research published since 1980, with specific attention to adverse changes in cognitive and emotional functioning. RESULTS Analyses revealed that 213 TCI patients and 100 PCI patients showed encephalopathy attributed to radiation. Manifestations of the late delayed effects of radiotherapy on brain function are related to patient age, total dose of irradiation, fraction sizes, and timing of chemotherapy. Radiation encephalopathy appears to be more common than the pathologic tissue injury of radiation necrosis. Accurate diagnosis of these neurobehavioral sequelae can require follow-up over a period of years with sensitive assessment procedures. CONCLUSIONS It is likely that the true incidence of treatment-related side effects of cranial irradiation in adults who survive more than 6 months without brain tumor growth or recurrence has been significantly underestimated. Research designs that include formal neuropsychologic assessment in conjunction with other neurodiagnostic tests can provide more comprehensive evaluation of long-term neurobehavioral outcomes.

scholarly journals Delayed Intrathoracic Gastric Perforation after G-POEM for Treating Post-Operative Refractory Gastroparesis：A Case Report and Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenglan Dai ◽  
Zhiyue Sun ◽  
Yan Shi ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Yaping Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Gastric Perforation ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Nonsurgical Management ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Delayed Perforation

Abstract Background: Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy(G-POEM) is introduced as a strategy to treat post-operative refractory gastroparesis. An intrathoracic gastric perforation is a rare complication of G-POEM. Case presentation: This report described the case of a patient who suffered with an intrathoracic gastric perforation about 10 days after a G-POEM procedure. A review of the PUBMED literature indexed in English with the key words of perforation and G-POEM was performed and the results were considered. The results indicated that delayed perforation was a rare complication after G-POEM. Overeating may cause the severe intrathoracic gastric dilation and perforation. Furthermore, successful nonsurgical management after G-POEM complicated by delayed perforation could be a highly feasible option, if intensive conservative treatments were used. Conclusions: Delayed perforation after G-POEM treating post-operative refractory can lead to severe mediastinal and thoracic infections. Fully prepared before the G-POEM procedure and effective suture instrument during the procedure may reduce the incidence of perforations. If perforation occurs after G-POEM, conservative treatment can be chosen if a patient’s general situation allows. However, the choice of surgical treatment must not be ignored if the patient's overall condition deteriorates.

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