scholarly journals Hollow Fiber and Nanofiber Membranes in Bioartificial Liver and Neuronal Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Sabrina Morelli ◽  
Antonella Piscioneri ◽  
Simona Salerno ◽  
Loredana De Bartolo
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Electrospun Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Bioartificial Liver ◽  
Neuronal Tissue ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Control

To date, the creation of biomimetic devices for the regeneration and repair of injured or diseased tissues and organs remains a crucial challenge in tissue engineering. Membrane technology offers advanced approaches to realize multifunctional tools with permissive environments well-controlled at molecular level for the development of functional tissues and organs. Membranes in fiber configuration with precisely controlled, tunable topography, and physical, biochemical, and mechanical cues, can direct and control the function of different kinds of cells toward the recovery from disorders and injuries. At the same time, fiber tools also provide the potential to model diseases in vitro for investigating specific biological phenomena as well as for drug testing. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the literature concerning the development of hollow fibers and electrospun fiber membranes used in bioartificial organs, tissue engineered constructs, and in vitro bioreactors. With the aim to highlight the main biomedical applications of fiber-based systems, the first part reviews the fibers for bioartificial liver and liver tissue engineering with special attention to their multifunctional role in the long-term maintenance of specific liver functions and in driving hepatocyte differentiation. The second part reports the fiber-based systems used for neuronal tissue applications including advanced approaches for the creation of novel nerve conduits and in vitro models of brain tissue. Besides presenting recent advances and achievements, this work also delineates existing limitations and highlights emerging possibilities and future prospects in this field.

scholarly journals Modelling the Human Placental Interface In Vitro—A Review

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Marta Cherubini ◽  
Scott Erickson ◽  
Kristina Haase
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Scientific Challenge ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control

Acting as the primary link between mother and fetus, the placenta is involved in regulating nutrient, oxygen, and waste exchange; thus, healthy placental development is crucial for a successful pregnancy. In line with the increasing demands of the fetus, the placenta evolves throughout pregnancy, making it a particularly difficult organ to study. Research into placental development and dysfunction poses a unique scientific challenge due to ethical constraints and the differences in morphology and function that exist between species. Recently, there have been increased efforts towards generating in vitro models of the human placenta. Advancements in the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), microfluidics, and bioprinting have each contributed to the development of new models, which can be designed to closely match physiological in vivo conditions. By including relevant placental cell types and control over the microenvironment, these new in vitro models promise to reveal clues to the pathogenesis of placental dysfunction and facilitate drug testing across the maternal–fetal interface. In this minireview, we aim to highlight current in vitro placental models and their applications in the study of disease and discuss future avenues for these in vitro models.

scholarly journals Hydrogels for Liver Tissue Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shicheng Ye ◽  
Jochem W.B. Boeter ◽  
Louis C. Penning ◽  
Bart Spee ◽  
Kerstin Schneeberger
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Liver Tissue Engineering ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
End Stage

Bioengineered livers are promising in vitro models for drug testing, toxicological studies, and as disease models, and might in the future be an alternative for donor organs to treat end-stage liver diseases. Liver tissue engineering (LTE) aims to construct liver models that are physiologically relevant. To make bioengineered livers, the two most important ingredients are hepatic cells and supportive materials such as hydrogels. In the past decades, dozens of hydrogels have been developed to act as supportive materials, and some have been used for in vitro models and formed functional liver constructs. However, currently none of the used hydrogels are suitable for in vivo transplantation. Here, the histology of the human liver and its relationship with LTE is introduced. After that, significant characteristics of hydrogels are described focusing on LTE. Then, both natural and synthetic materials utilized in hydrogels for LTE are reviewed individually. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on a comparison of the different hydrogels and their characteristics and ideal hydrogels are proposed to promote LTE.

scholarly journals 3D bioprinting technology for regenerative medicine applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi ◽  
Sakandar Rauf ◽  
Charlotte Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Organ Printing ◽  
Tissue Models

Alternative strategies that overcome existing organ transplantation methods are of increasing importance be-cause of ongoing demands and lack of adequate organ donors. Recent improvements in tissue engineering techniques offer improved solutions to this problem and will influence engineering and medicinal applications. Tissue engineering employs the synergy of cells, growth factors and scaffolds besides others with the aim to mimic the native extracellular matrix for tissue regeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has been explored to create organs for transplanta-tion, medical implants, prosthetics, in vitro models and 3D tissue models for drug testing. In addition, it is emerging as a powerful technology to provide patients with severe disease conditions with personalized treatments. Challenges in tis-sue engineering include the development of 3D scaffolds that closely resemble native tissues. In this review, existing printing methods such as extrusion-based, robotic dispensing, cellular inkjet, laser-assisted printing and integrated tissue organ printing (ITOP) are examined. Also, natural and synthetic polymers and their blends as well as peptides that are exploited as bioinks are discussed with emphasis on regenerative medicine applications. Furthermore, applications of 3D bioprinting in regenerative medicine, evolving strategies and future perspectives are summarized.

scholarly journals From NAFLD to MAFLD: Aligning Translational In Vitro Research to Clinical Insights

Biomedicines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Alexandra Gatzios ◽  
Matthias Rombaut ◽  
Karolien Buyl ◽  
Joery De Kock ◽  
Robim M. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Although most same-stage non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients exhibit similar histologic sequelae, the underlying mechanisms appear to be highly heterogeneous. Therefore, it was recently proposed to redefine NAFLD to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in which other known causes of liver disease such as alcohol consumption or viral hepatitis do not need to be excluded. Revised nomenclature envisions speeding up and facilitating anti-MAFLD drug development by means of patient stratification whereby each subgroup would benefit from distinct pharmacological interventions. As human-based in vitro research fulfils an irrefutable step in drug development, action should be taken as well in this stadium of the translational path. Indeed, most established in vitro NAFLD models rely on short-term exposure to fatty acids and use lipid accumulation as a phenotypic benchmark. This general approach to a seemingly ambiguous disease such as NAFLD therefore no longer seems applicable. Human-based in vitro models that accurately reflect distinct disease subgroups of MAFLD should thus be adopted in early preclinical disease modeling and drug testing. In this review article, we outline considerations for setting up translational in vitro experiments in the MAFLD era and allude to potential strategies to implement MAFLD heterogeneity into an in vitro setting so as to better align early drug development with future clinical trial designs.

scholarly journals 3-D Cell Culture Systems in Bone Marrow Tissue and Organoid Engineering, and BM Phantoms as In Vitro Models of Hematological Cancer Therapeutics—A Review

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5609
Author(s):  
Dasharatham Janagama ◽  
Susanta K. Hui
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Hematological Cancer ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Hematological Cancers

We review the state-of-the-art in bone and marrow tissue engineering (BMTE) and hematological cancer tissue engineering (HCTE) in light of the recent interest in bone marrow environment and pathophysiology of hematological cancers. This review focuses on engineered BM tissue and organoids as in vitro models of hematological cancer therapeutics, along with identification of BM components and their integration as synthetically engineered BM mimetic scaffolds. In addition, the review details interaction dynamics of various BM and hematologic cancer (HC) cell types in co-culture systems of engineered BM tissues/phantoms as well as their relation to drug resistance and cytotoxicity. Interaction between hematological cancer cells and their niche, and the difference with respect to the healthy niche microenvironment narrated. Future perspectives of BMTE for in vitro disease models, BM regeneration and large scale ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells for transplantation and therapy are explained. We conclude by overviewing the clinical application of biomaterials in BM and HC pathophysiology and its challenges and opportunities.

scholarly journals Perspectives on hiPSC-Derived Muscle Cells as Drug Discovery Models for Muscular Dystrophies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9630
Author(s):  
Elena Abati ◽  
Emanuele Sclarandi ◽  
Giacomo Pietro Comi ◽  
Valeria Parente ◽  
Stefania Corti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Muscular Dystrophies ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Muscle Models ◽  
Correction Strategies ◽  
Pathogenic Process

Muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration and weakness of skeletal muscles, leading to disability and, often, premature death. To date, no effective therapies are available to halt or reverse the pathogenic process, and meaningful treatments are urgently needed. From this perspective, it is particularly important to establish reliable in vitro models of human muscle that allow the recapitulation of disease features as well as the screening of genetic and pharmacological therapies. We herein review and discuss advances in the development of in vitro muscle models obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells, which appear to be capable of reproducing the lack of myofiber proteins as well as other specific pathological hallmarks, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and reduced muscle regenerative potential. In addition, these platforms have been used to assess genetic correction strategies such as gene silencing, gene transfer and genome editing with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), as well as to evaluate novel small molecules aimed at ameliorating muscle degeneration. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges related to in vitro drug testing and provide a critical view of potential therapeutic developments to foster the future clinical translation of preclinical muscular dystrophy studies.

scholarly journals Experimental Models in Rheumatoid Arthritis:

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Verônica Assalin Zorgetto-Pinheiro ◽  
Alexandre Meira de Vasconcelos ◽  
Rafael Sanaiotte Pinheiro ◽  
Danielle Bogo ◽  
Iandara Schettert Silva
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Class 1

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune and chronic pathological condition characterized by an inflammatory process of the joints It is a complex and multifactorial, involving genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors and the use of experimental models is required to better understand its pathology and for drug testing. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic literature review on experimental models in rheumatoid arthritis using IRAMUTEQ, a software that analysis, qualitatively and quantitatively, text fragments, as a methodological tool. After searching for articles published in the last five years on Scopus database and applying the exclusion criteria, we ended with 84 articles. The most commonly employed experimental models was the arthritis induction by inoculation of the Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA), followed by the use of combined methodologies and the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The analyses of abstracts by the IRAMUTEQ software provided a classification according to their textual elements in four classes, which were grouped into three main themes: in vivo models (class 1), clinical practice and traditional medicine (classes 2 and 3) and in vitro models (class 4) and it was also possible to build a similarity tree of the terms present in the abstracts and a word cloud with the most cited terms. Thus, the use of the IRAMUTEQ software as a methodological tool has been satisfactory, since it was possible to identify the main experimental models used, keywords, pathological processes and molecules involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis free of the researchers’ bias, in addition to being a tool for visual and intuitive results.

scholarly journals Application of Patient-Specific iPSCs for Modelling and Treatment of X-Linked Cardiomyopathies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8132
Author(s):  
Jennifer Zhang ◽  
Oscar Hou-In Chou ◽  
Yiu-Lam Tse ◽  
Kwong-Man Ng ◽  
Hung-Fat Tse
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Danon Disease ◽  
Disease Phenotypes ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
And Control

Inherited cardiomyopathies are among the major causes of heart failure and associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Currently, over 70 genes have been linked to the etiology of various forms of cardiomyopathy, some of which are X-linked. Due to the lack of appropriate cell and animal models, it has been difficult to model these X-linked cardiomyopathies. With the advancement of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, the ability to generate iPSC lines from patients with X-linked cardiomyopathy has facilitated in vitro modelling and drug testing for the condition. Nonetheless, due to the mosaicism of the X-chromosome inactivation, disease phenotypes of X-linked cardiomyopathy in heterozygous females are also usually more heterogeneous, with a broad spectrum of presentation. Recent advancements in iPSC procedures have enabled the isolation of cells with different lyonisation to generate isogenic disease and control cell lines. In this review, we will summarise the current strategies and examples of using an iPSC-based model to study different types of X-linked cardiomyopathy. The potential application of isogenic iPSC lines derived from a female patient with heterozygous Danon disease and drug screening will be demonstrated by our preliminary data. The limitations of an iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte-based platform will also be addressed.

Organ Culture System for Mechanobiology Studies of the Intervertebral Disc

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia R. Lee ◽  
Mauro Alini ◽  
James C. Iatridis
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Static Load ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Disc Regeneration ◽  
Organ Culture System ◽  
In Vitro Culture System ◽  
Vertebral Endplates

The development of in vitro models is critical for furthering understanding of the intervertebral disc and the development of disc regeneration/tissue engineering. An in vitro culture system targeted towards mechano-biology studies of the intervertebral disc (IVD) was built and validated using bovine coccygeal discs. Discs were maintained in culture for up to one week with and without vertebral endplates. Water content and glycosaminoglycan content were found to be stable and cells were metabolically active when cultured under a 5kg static load.

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