Chromosomal Evolution in Aspredinidae (Teleostei, Siluriformes): Insights on Intra- and Interspecific Relationships with Related Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (9) ◽  
pp. 539-553
Author(s):  
Milena Ferreira ◽  
Isac S. de Jesus ◽  
Patrik F. Viana ◽  
Caroline Garcia ◽  
Daniele A. Matoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
System A ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sex Chromosome System ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Systematic Relationships

The family Aspredinidae comprises a clade of complex systematic relationships, both from molecular and morphological approaches. In this study, conventional and molecular cytogenetic studies coupled with nucleotide sequencing were performed in 6 Aspredininae species (<i>Amaralia hypsiura</i>, <i>Bunocephalus</i> cf. <i>aloikae</i>, <i>Bunocephalus amaurus</i>, <i>Bunocephalus</i> aff. <i>coracoideus</i>, <i>Bunocephalus verrucosus</i>, and <i>Platystacus cotylephorus</i>) from different locations of the Amazon hydrographic basin. Our results showed highly divergent diploid numbers (2n) among the species, ranging from 49 to 74, including the occurrence of an XX/X0 sex chromosome system. A neighbor-joining phylogram based on the cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase I (<i>COI</i>) showed that <i>Bunocephalus coracoideus</i> is not a monophyletic clade, but closely related to <i>B. verrucosus.</i> The karyotypic data associated with <i>COI</i> suggest an ancestral karyotype for Aspredinidae with a reduced 2n, composed of bi-armed chromosomes and a trend toward chromosomal fissions resulting in higher diploid number karyotypes, mainly composed of acrocentric chromosomes. Evolutionary relationships were discussed under a phylogenetic context with related species from different Siluriformes families. The karyotype features and chromosomal diversity of Aspredinidae show an amazing differentiation, making this family a remarkable model for investigating the evolutionary dynamics in siluriforms as well as in fish as a whole.

Karyotype and Mapping of Repetitive DNAs in the African Butterfly Fish Pantodon buchholzi, the Sole Species of the Family Pantodontidae

2016 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Ráb ◽  
Cassia F. Yano ◽  
Sébastien Lavoué ◽  
Oladele I. Jegede ◽  
Luiz A.C. Bertollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Trinucleotide Repeat ◽  
Pericentromeric Region ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
River Population ◽  
U2 Snrna ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
The Family ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes

The monophyletic order Osteoglossiformes represents one of the most ancestral groups of teleosts and has at least 1 representative in all continents of the southern hemisphere, with the exception of Antarctica. However, despite its phylogenetic and biogeographical importance, cytogenetic data in Osteoglossiformes are scarce. Here, karyotype and chromosomal characteristics of the lower Niger River population of the African butterfly fish Pantodon buchholzi, the sole species of the family Pantodontidae (Osteoglossiformes), were examined using conventional and molecular cytogenetic approaches. All specimens examined had 2n = 46 chromosomes, with a karyotype composed of 5 pairs of metacentric, 5 pairs of submetacentric, and 13 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes in both sexes. No morphologically differentiated sex chromosomes were identified. C-bands were located in the centromeric/pericentromeric region of all chromosomes and were associated with the single AgNOR site. FISH with ribosomal DNA probes revealed that both 5S and 18S rDNA were present in only 1 pair of chromosomes each, but did not colocalize. CMA3+ bands were observed near the telomeres in several chromosome pairs and also at the 18S rDNA sites. The mapping of di- and trinucleotide repeat motifs, Rex6 transposable element, and U2 snRNA showed a scattered distribution over most of the chromosomes, but for some microsatellites and the U2 snRNA also a preferential accumulation at telomeric regions. This study presents the first detailed cytogenetic analysis in the African butterfly fish by both conventional and molecular cytogenetic protocols. This is the first of a series of further cytogenetic and cytogenomic studies on osteoglossiforms, aiming to comprehensively examine the chromosomal evolution in this phylogenetically important fish order.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of C-heterochromatin, ribosomal and telomeric DNA markers in chromosomes of Pamphagidae grasshoppers from Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olesya G. Buleu ◽  
Ilyas Y. Jetybayev ◽  
Dragan P. Chobanov ◽  
Alexander G. Bugrov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Telomeric Dna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Structural Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome System ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Time

The karyotypes and the localization of C-bands, clusters of ribosomal DNA and telomeric repeats of 10 species of the family Pamphagidae from Morocco are described for the first time. The species studied belong to the subfamilies Pamphaginae and Thrinchinae. All species have karyotypes consisting of 19 and 20 acrocentric chromosomes and X0/XX sex chromosome system in males and females, respectively (2n♂=19, NF=19; 2n♀=20, NF=20). Despite the karyotype conservatism, we revealed differences in the location and size of C-heterochromatin blocks and ribosomal DNA clusters. A comparative analysis of these differences shows that karyotype divergences in this group is connected not to structural chromosome rearrangements, but to the evolution of repetitive DNA.

scholarly journals A new Roncus species (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) from Montseny Natural Park (Catalonia, Spain), with remarks on karyology

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1693 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN A. ZARAGOZA ◽  
FRANTI“EK ŠÿÁHLAVSKÝ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome System ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes

Roncus montsenyensis sp. nov. is described from Montseny Natural Park (Catalonia, Spain). The new species is geographically and morphologically close to Roncus cadinensis Zaragoza, 2007, but can be separated from it by palpal morphometrics, the chelal microsetae pattern and karyology. The diploid number was found to be 2n=16 in R. montsenyensis, with only biarmed chromosomes. The diploid number was found to be 2n=38 in R. cadinensis, with a predominance of acrocentric chromosomes. Both species possess the XY sex chromosome system and the X and Y chromosomes are only weakly differentiated.

scholarly journals Chromosomal Evolution in the Lizard Genus Varanus (Reptilia)

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Kinga ◽  
Dennis King
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Pericentric Inversion ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Sex Chromosome System

The karyotypes have been determined of 16 of the 32 species of the genus Varanus, including animals from Africa, Israel, Malaya and Australia. A constant chromosome number of 2n = 40 was observed. The karyotype is divided into eight pairs of large chromosomes and 12 pairs of microchromosomes. A series of chromosomal rearrangements have become established in both size groups of the karyotype and are restricted to centromere shifts, probably caused by pericentric inversion. Species could be placed in one of six distinct karyotype groups which are differentiated by these rearrangements and whose grouping does not always correspond with the current taxonomy. An unusual sex chromosome system of the ZZjZW type was present in a number of the species examined.

scholarly journals Chromosomal analysis of Centromochlus heckelii (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae), with a contribution to Centromochlus definition

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Kowalski ◽  
Leonardo Marcel Paiz ◽  
Maelin da Silva ◽  
Amanda de Souza Machado ◽  
Eliana Feldberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Analysis ◽  
Amazon River Basin ◽  
Terminal Position ◽  
Chromosomal Markers ◽  
Sex Chromosome System ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes

ABSTRACT Historically, there are divergences in the species allocation between Centromochlus and Tatia. This study aimed to generate the first cytogenetic data about Centromochlus and, by analyzing a population of Centromochlus heckelii from the Amazon River basin, to contribute as evidence to a historical taxonomic dilemma. Diploid number of 46 chromosomes and a heteromorphic pair was found in the female karyotypes, thus characterizing a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. Pale blocks of heterochromatin were located in centromeric regions of some chromosomes; however, the exclusive female chromosome (W) is almost entirely heterochromatic. AgNORs were detected in terminal position on the short arms of one acrocentric pair in males and two chromosome pairs in females, the acrocentric plus the sex chromosome pair. Notable differences between Centromochlus heckelii and previous data about species of Tatia are: lower diploid number, presence of a sex chromosome system and multiple AgNORs in Centromochlus, while species of Tatia have simple AgNORs and the absence of acrocentric chromosomes. Results in this study show that chromosomal markers could contribute as evidence to taxonomic delimitation studies.

scholarly journals The Amazonian Red Side-Necked Turtle Rhinemys rufipes (Spix, 1824) (Testudines, Chelidae) Has a GSD Sex-Determining Mechanism with an Ancient XY Sex Microchromosome System

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik F. Viana ◽  
Eliana Feldberg ◽  
Marcelo B. Cioffi ◽  
Vinicius Tadeu de Carvalho ◽  
Sabrina Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Sex Chromosome System ◽  
Biological Aspects

The Amazonian red side-necked turtle Rhynemis rufipes is an endemic Amazonian Chelidae species that occurs in small streams throughout Colombia and Brazil river basins. Little is known about various biological aspects of this species, including its sex determination strategies. Among chelids, the greatest karyotype diversity is found in the Neotropical species, with several 2n configurations, including cases of triploidy. Here, we investigate the karyotype of Rhinemys rufipes by applying combined conventional and molecular cytogenetic procedures. This allowed us to discover a genetic sex-determining mechanism that shares an ancestral micro XY sex chromosome system. This ancient micro XY system recruited distinct repeat motifs before it diverged from several South America and Australasian species. We propose that such a system dates back to the earliest lineages of the chelid species before the split of South America and Australasian lineages.

A chromosomal investigation of some European species of Haliplidae (Coleoptera)

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Powell ◽  
Robert B. Angus
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
European Species ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sex Chromosome System

The karyotypes of 15 European species of Haliplidae are described and illustrated. The sex chromosomes are X0 in <em>Brychius elevatus </em>and Peltodytes caesus, and XY in 13 species of <em>Haliplus</em>. The number of autosome pairs is 16 in <em>Peltodytes caesus</em>, 19 in <em>Brychius elevatus</em>, 17 in <em>Haliplus (Liaphlus) fulvus,</em> 15 in H. <em>(L.) variegatus</em>, 14 in H. <em>(L.) flavicollis</em>, 11 in <em>H. (L.) laminatus</em>, 9 in <em>H. (L.) mucronatus</em>, and 11 in <em>H. (Haliplidius)</em> obliquus and <em>H. (H.) confinis</em>, <em>H. (Neohaliplus) lineatocollis</em> and five species of <em>H. (Haliplus).</em> It is suggested that the X0 sex chromosome system, the most common in the Adephaga, is plesiotypic for Haliplidae, and that the XY systems are a synapomorphy of the family, and are neo-XY in origin. There is no good evidence of Xyp systems of the type found in Polyphaga. The diversity of karyotypes shown by species of the subgenus <em>Liaphlus</em> is contrasted with the near uniformity shown by other groups. Interspecific differences between karyotypes are noted.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Karyotype Evolution of Neotropical Boid Snakes: A Puzzle Mediated by Chromosomal Fissions

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2268
Author(s):  
Patrik F. Viana ◽  
Tariq Ezaz ◽  
Marcelo de Bello Cioffi ◽  
Thomas Liehr ◽  
Ahmed Al-Rikabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Sex Chromosome System

The Boidae family is an ancient group of snakes widely distributed across the Neotropical region, where several biogeographic events contributed towards shaping their evolution and diversification. Most species of this family have a diploid number composed of 2n = 36; however, among Booidea families, the Boidae stands out by presenting the greatest chromosomal diversity, with 2n ranging between 36 and 44 chromosomes and an undifferentiated XY sex chromosome system. Here, we applied a comparative chromosome analysis using cross-species chromosome paintings in five species representing four Boidae genera, to decipher the evolutionary dynamics of some chromosomes in these Neotropical snakes. Our study included all diploid numbers (2n = 36, 40, and 44) known for this family and our comparative chromosomal mappings point to a strong evolutionary relationship among the genera Boa, Corallus, Eunectes, and Epicrates. The results also allowed us to propose the cytogenomic diversification that had occurred in this family: a process mediated by centric fissions, including fission events of the putative and undifferentiated XY sex chromosome system in the 2n = 44 karyotype, which is critical in solving the puzzle of the karyotype evolution of boid snakes.

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