scholarly journals Oral Microbiota and Cancer Development

Pathobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Tuominen ◽  
Jaana Rautava
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Carcinogenic Potential ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Activate Cell ◽  
The Impact

Oral microbiota are among the most diverse in the human body. More than 700 species have been identified in the mouth, and new sequencing methods are allowing us to discover even more species. The anatomy of the oral cavity is different from that of other body sites. The oral cavity has mucosal surfaces (the tongue, the buccal mucosa, the gingiva, and the palate), hard tissues (the teeth), and exocrine gland tissue (major and minor salivary glands), all of which present unique features for microbiota composition. The connection between oral microbiota and diseases of the human body has been under intensive research in the past years. Furthermore, oral microbiota have been associated with cancer development. Patients suffering from periodontitis, a common advanced gingival disease caused by bacterial dysbiosis, have a 2–5 times higher risk of acquiring any cancer compared to healthy individuals. Some oral taxa, especially <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> and <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, have been shown to have carcinogenic potential by several different mechanisms. They can inhibit apoptosis, activate cell proliferation, promote cellular invasion, induce chronic inflammation, and directly produce carcinogens. These microbiota changes can already be seen with potentially malignant lesions of the oral cavity. The causal relationship between microbiota and cancer is complex. It is difficult to accurately study the impact of specific bacteria on carcinoma development in humans. This review focuses on the elucidating the interactions between oral cavity bacterial microbiota and cancer. We gather literature on the current knowledge of the bacterial contribution to cancer development and the mechanisms behind it.

scholarly journals Leukoplakia in the Oral Cavity and Oral Microbiota: A Comprehensive Review

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4439
Author(s):  
Giacomo Pietrobon ◽  
Marta Tagliabue ◽  
Luigi Marco Stringa ◽  
Rita De Berardinis ◽  
Francesco Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Prevotella Intermedia ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Bacterial Richness ◽  
Community Changes ◽  
The Impact

We reviewed the current published literature on the impact of oral microbiota on oral cavity leukoplakia (OLK), aiming at clarifying its role in disease transformation. The analysis unveiled that bacterial richness and diversity in the oral cavity tend to be decreased in OLK compared to healthy controls, with a reduction in the prevalent commensals, such as Streptococci, and elevation of anaerobes. Moreover, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia are recurrent findings, and they already have been linked to periodontal disease. These microbial community changes may also represent a marker for the transition from OLK to oral squamous cell carcinoma. Unfortunately, the reviewed studies present several limitations, making an objective comparison difficult. To overcome these biases, longitudinal studies are necessary.

scholarly journals Fungal-Bacterial Interactions in Health and Disease

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wibke Krüger ◽  
Sarah Vielreicher ◽  
Mario Kapitan ◽  
Ilse Jacobsen ◽  
Maria Niemiec
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Bacterial Interactions ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health And Disease

Fungi and bacteria encounter each other in various niches of the human body. There, they interact directly with one another or indirectly via the host response. In both cases, interactions can affect host health and disease. In the present review, we summarized current knowledge on fungal-bacterial interactions during their commensal and pathogenic lifestyle. We focus on distinct mucosal niches: the oral cavity, lung, gut, and vagina. In addition, we describe interactions during bloodstream and wound infections and the possible consequences for the human host.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Macrophages: Critical Players in Obesity-Promoted Pancreatic Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1946
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Teper ◽  
Guido Eibl
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Macrophages ◽  
Pancreatic Neoplasia ◽  
The Impact

Obesity is a known risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer, one of the deadliest types of malignancies. In recent years it has become clear that the pancreatic microenvironment is critically involved and a contributing factor in accelerating pancreatic neoplasia. In this context obesity-associated chronic inflammation plays an important role. Among several immune cells, macrophages have been shown to contribute to obesity-induced tissue inflammation. This review article summarizes the current knowledge about the role of pancreatic macrophages in early pancreatic cancer development. It describes the heterogenous origin and mixture of pancreatic macrophages, their role in pancreatic endocrine and exocrine pathology, and the impact of obesity on islet and stromal macrophages. A model is postulated, by which during obesity monocytes are recruited into the pancreas, where they are polarized into pro-inflammatory macrophages that drive early pancreatic neoplasia. This occurs in the presence of local inflammatory, metabolic, and endocrine signals. A stronger appreciation and more detailed knowledge about the role of macrophages in early pancreatic cancer development will lead to innovative preventive or interceptive strategies.

scholarly journals Oral Microbiota and Salivary Levels of Oral Pathogens in Gastro-Intestinal Diseases: Current Knowledge and Exploratory Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1064
Author(s):  
Maria Contaldo ◽  
Alessandra Fusco ◽  
Paola Stiuso ◽  
Stefania Lama ◽  
Antonietta Gerarda Gravina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Diseases ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Oral Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Dna Extraction

Various bi-directional associations exist between oral health and gastro-intestinal diseases. The oral microbiome plays a role in the gastro-intestinal carcinogenesis and fusobacteria are the most investigated bacteria involved. This paper aims to review the current knowledge and report the preliminary data on salivary levels of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans in subjects with different gastro-intestinal conditions or pathologies, in order to determine any differences. The null hypothesis was “subjects with different gastro-intestinal diseases do not show significant differences in the composition of the oral microbiota”. Twenty-one subjects undergoing esophagastroduodenoscopy or colonscopy were recruited. For each subject, a salivary sample was collected before the endoscopy procedure, immediately stored at -20°C and subsequently used for genomic bacterial DNA extraction by real-time PCR. Low levels of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis were peculiar in the oral microbiota in subjects affected by Helicobater pylori-negative chronic gastritis without cancerization and future studies will elucidate this association. The level of C. albicans did not statistically differ among groups. This preliminary study could be used in the future, following further investigation, as a non-invasive method for the search of gastrointestinal diseases and associated markers.

scholarly journals Alteration of Macrophage Infiltrating Compartment: A Novel View on Oral Carcinogenesis

Pathobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Manabu Shigeoka ◽  
Yu-ichiro Koma ◽  
Mari Nishio ◽  
Masaya Akashi ◽  
Hiroshi Yokozaki
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Oral Carcinogenesis ◽  
Cancer Aggressiveness

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The mortality of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has remained high for decades; therefore, methods for early detection of OSCC are warranted. However, in the oral cavity, various mucosal diseases may be encountered, including reactive lesions and oral potentially malignant disorders, and it is difficult to differentiate OSCC from these lesions based on both clinical and histopathological findings. It is well known that chronic inflammation contributes to oral cancer development. Macrophages are among the most common inflammatory cells in cancer stromal tissue and have various roles in cancer aggressiveness. Although the roles of macrophages in cancer development have attracted attention, only a few studies have linked macrophages to carcinogenesis, particularly, oral precancerous lesions. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> This review article consists of 3 parts: first, we summarize current knowledge on macrophages in human various epithelial precancerous lesions, excluding the oral cavity, to show the importance and gaps in knowledge regarding macrophages in carcinogenesis; second, we review published data related to the role of macrophages in oral carcinogenesis; finally, we present a novel view on oral carcinogenesis, focusing on crosstalk between epithelial cells and macrophages. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> The biological features of macrophages in oral carcinogenesis differ drastically depending on the anatomical compartment that they infiltrate. Focusing on the alteration of macrophage infiltrating compartment may serve as a useful novel approach for studying the role of the macrophages in oral carcinogenesis and for gaining further insight into cancer prevention and early detection.

scholarly journals The oral cavity microbiota: between health, oral disease, and cancers of the aerodigestive tract

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Le Bars ◽  
Sébastien Matamoros ◽  
Emmanuel Montassier ◽  
Françoise Le Vacon ◽  
Gilles Potel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Many studies show that the human microbiome plays a critical role in the chronic pathologies of obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases, and diabetes. More recently, the interaction between cancer and the microbiome has been highlighted. Most studies have focused on the gut microbiota because it represents the most extensive bacterial community, and the body of evidence correlating it with gut syndromes is increasing. However, in the strict sense, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract begins in the oral cavity, and special attention should be paid to the specific flora of this cavity. This study reviewed the current knowledge about the various microbial ecosystems of the upper part of the GI tract and discussed their potential link to carcinogenesis. The overall composition of the microbial communities, as well as the presence or absence of “key species”, in relation to carcinogenesis is addressed. Alterations in the oral microbiota can potentially be used to predict the risk of cancer. Molecular advances and the further monitoring of the microbiota will increase our understanding of the role of the microbiota in carcinogenesis and open new perspectives for future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.

scholarly journals Role of Oral Microbiota in Cancer Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Karpiński
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Cellular Apoptosis ◽  
Bacterial Stimulation ◽  
Specific Species

Nowadays cancer is the second main cause of death in the world. The most known bacterial carcinogen is Helicobacter pylori. Pathogens that can have an impact on cancer development in the gastrointestinal tract are also found in the oral cavity. Some specific species have been identified that correlate strongly with oral cancer, such as Streptococcus sp., Peptostreptococcus sp., Prevotella sp., Fusobacterium sp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Capnocytophaga gingivalis. Many works have also shown that the oral periopathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis play an important role in the development of colorectal and pancreatic cancer. Three mechanisms of action have been suggested in regard to the role of oral microbiota in the pathogenesis of cancer. The first is bacterial stimulation of chronic inflammation. Inflammatory mediators produced in this process cause or facilitate cell proliferation, mutagenesis, oncogene activation, and angiogenesis. The second mechanism attributed to bacteria that may influence the pathogenesis of cancers by affecting cell proliferation is the activation of NF-κB and inhibition of cellular apoptosis. In the third mechanism, bacteria produce some substances that act in a carcinogenic manner. This review presents potentially oncogenic oral bacteria and possible mechanisms of their action on the carcinogenesis of human cells.

scholarly journals Bioadhesion in the oral cavity and approaches for biofilm management by surface modifications

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 4237-4260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Sterzenbach ◽  
Ralf Helbig ◽  
Christian Hannig ◽  
Matthias Hannig
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Pellicle Formation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background All soft and solid surface structures in the oral cavity are covered by the acquired pellicle followed by bacterial colonization. This applies for natural structures as well as for restorative or prosthetic materials; the adherent bacterial biofilm is associated among others with the development of caries, periodontal diseases, peri-implantitis, or denture-associated stomatitis. Accordingly, there is a considerable demand for novel materials and coatings that limit and modulate bacterial attachment and/or propagation of microorganisms. Objectives and findings The present paper depicts the current knowledge on the impact of different physicochemical surface characteristics on bioadsorption in the oral cavity. Furthermore, it was carved out which strategies were developed in dental research and general surface science to inhibit bacterial colonization and to delay biofilm formation by low-fouling or “easy-to-clean” surfaces. These include the modulation of physicochemical properties such as periodic topographies, roughness, surface free energy, or hardness. In recent years, a large emphasis was laid on micro- and nanostructured surfaces and on liquid repellent superhydrophic as well as superhydrophilic interfaces. Materials incorporating mobile or bound nanoparticles promoting bacteriostatic or bacteriotoxic properties were also used. Recently, chemically textured interfaces gained increasing interest and could represent promising solutions for innovative antibioadhesion interfaces. Due to the unique conditions in the oral cavity, mainly in vivo or in situ studies were considered in the review. Conclusion Despite many promising approaches for modulation of biofilm formation in the oral cavity, the ubiquitous phenomenon of bioadsorption and adhesion pellicle formation in the challenging oral milieu masks surface properties and therewith hampers low-fouling strategies. Clinical relevance Improved dental materials and surface coatings with easy-to-clean properties have the potential to improve oral health, but extensive and systematic research is required in this field to develop biocompatible and effective substances.

scholarly journals Oral Microbiota—A New Frontier in the Pathogenesis and Management of Head and Neck Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Marjut Metsäniitty ◽  
Shrabon Hasnat ◽  
Tuula Salo ◽  
Abdelhakim Salem
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) comprises the majority of tumors in head and neck tissues. The prognosis of HNSCC has not significantly improved for decades, signifying the need for new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Recent evidence suggests that oral microbiota is associated with carcinogenesis. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review to evaluate the current evidence regarding the role of oral microbiota in HNSCC and whether their targeting may confer diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic utility. Following the screening of 233 publications retrieved from multiple databases, 34 eligible studies comprising 2469 patients were compiled and critically appraised. Importantly, many oral pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were linked to certain oral potentially malignant lesions and various types of HNSCC. Furthermore, we summarized the association between the expression profiles of different oral bacterial species and their tumorigenic and prognostic effects in cancer patients. We also discussed the current limitations of this newly emerging area and the potential microbiota-related strategies for preventing and treating HNSCC. Whilst many clinical studies are underway to unravel the role of oral microbiota in cancer, the limited available data and experimental approaches reflect the newness of this promising yet challenging field.

Surveying adherence of dental clinic patients to preventive measures in oral cavity

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Kudryavtseva ◽  
V. V. Tachalov ◽  
E. S. Loboda ◽  
L. Yu. Orekhova ◽  
E. Yu. Nechai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Relevance. Periodontal diseases are a medical and social problem due to the wide spread among the population of developed countries and the impact on the quality of life. Among the many factors that are important in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases, an important role is played by adherence to the recommendations of the dentist in respecting oral hygiene. Aim of the work was to study the adherence of patients of the dental clinic to compliance with preventive measures in the oral cavity.Materials and methods. A total of 98 patients of dental clinic, 62 female (medial age 38,6 ± 14,0 years) and 36 male (medial age 37,2±13,1 years) participated in survey. The study participants flled in the profle and answered questions about age, gender, harmful working conditions and bad habits, frequency of visits to the dental clinic, attitudes to the prevention of dental diseases, knowledge about the means and methods of oral hygiene.Results. As a result of the study, it was found that in the vast majority of cases, respondents are employed in production that does not adversely affect their health (91%), only 8% of patients indicated harmful working conditions.Conclusions. The study revealed that, despite the recommendations of the dentist, patients are not always committed to the implementation of preventive measures in the oral cavity. Dentists need to motivate patients to use not only the usual methods and means of hygiene, but also additional ones necessary for maintaining dental health.

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