scholarly journals A Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotype Is Associated with ADIPOQ Genetic Variants and Lower Serum Adiponectin Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
Nathaly Torres-Castillo ◽  
Wendy Campos-Perez ◽  
Roberto Rodriguez-Echevarria ◽  
Sarai Citlalic Rodriguez-Reyes ◽  
Erika Martinez-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
High Molecular Weight Adiponectin ◽  
Allelic Discrimination

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Even though excessive adipose tissue is related to chronic metabolic disturbances, not all subjects with excess weight (EW) display metabolic alterations, and not all normal-weight (NW) subjects have a metabolically healthy (MH) phenotype, probably due to gene-environment interactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction effects of <i>ADIPOQ</i> and <i>PPARG</i> genetic variants in NW and EW individuals with different metabolic phenotypes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data on 345 adults from western Mexico were analyzed. The individuals were classified into NW and EW groups according to body mass index, and were categorized as MH or metabolically unhealthy (MUH), considering homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) cut-off points for glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure. Subjects with ≤1 altered parameter were classified as MH. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) –11377C&#x3e;G, –11391G&#x3e;A, +45T&#x3e;G, and +276G&#x3e;T for <i>ADIPOQ</i> and Pro12Ala for <i>PPARG</i> were analyzed by allelic discrimination. High-molecular-weight adiponectin isoform levels were measured by ELISA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Lower serum adiponectin levels were associated with the MUH phenotype in EW subjects. NW subjects with the GG or TG genotype for the +45T&#x3e;G SNP had reduced odds of the MUH phenotype. Individuals who carried two copies of the GG haplotype at the –11391G&#x3e;A and –11377C&#x3e;G SNPs for <i>ADIPOQ</i> had lower serum adiponectin levels than those with zero copies. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In this population, lower serum adiponectin levels were found in the EW-MUH phenotype, and no differences were observed between the NW-MH and the EW-MH phenotype. In addition, the +45T&#x3e;G SNP was associated with reduced odds of the MUH phenotype.

scholarly journals Alterations in Metabolic Profile Occur in Normal-Weight and Obese Men during the Ramadan Fast Despite No Changes in Anthropometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica McNeil ◽  
Mohamed M. Mamlouk ◽  
Karine Duval ◽  
Alexander Schwartz ◽  
Nelson Nardo Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Analogue Scales

We examined the variations in eating behavior, appetite ratings, satiety efficiency, energy expenditure, anthropometric and metabolic profile markers prior to, during as well as 1 and 4 months after Ramadan in normal-weight and obese men. Anthropometric, energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry and accelerometry), metabolic (fasting blood sample), appetite (visual analogue scales), and eating behavior (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire) measurements were performed in 10 normal-weight (age: 25.2 ± 4.7 years; BMI: 24.4 ± 1.9 kg/m2) and 10 obese (age: 27.0 ± 4.5 years; BMI: 34.8 ± 3.7 kg/m2) men. The satiety quotient (SQ) was calculated 180 minutes after breakfast consumption. All anthropometric variables, as well as resting and total energy expenditure, were greater in obese compared to normal-weight participants (P = 0.02–0.0001). Similarly, obese participants had greater triglycerides, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance concentrations (P = 0.02–0.002). Greater apolipoprotein B, glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein concentrations were noted during Ramadan (P = 0.04–0.0001). Dietary restraint scores were also greater during Ramadan (P=0.0001). No differences in anthropometry, other metabolic profile markers, energy expenditure, appetite ratings, and SQ were noted across sessions. Lastly, changes in anthropometric measurements correlated with delta metabolic profile markers, as well as changes in disinhibition eating behavior trait and dietary restraint scores. The Ramadan fast led to increases in certain metabolic profile markers despite no changes in appetite and anthropometry.

scholarly journals Lipid associated polygenic enrichment in Alzheimer’s disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris J. Broce ◽  
Chin Hong Tan ◽  
Chun Chieh Fan ◽  
Aree Witoelar ◽  
Natalie Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Pleiotropy ◽  
Common Genetic Variants

ABSTRACTCardiovascular (CV) and lifestyle associated risk factors (RFs) are increasingly recognized as important for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Beyond the ∊4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE), comparatively little is known about whether CV associated genes also increase risk for AD (genetic pleiotropy). Using large genome-wide association studies (GWASs) (total n > 500,000 cases and controls) and validated tools to quantify genetic pleiotropy, we systematically identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) jointly associated with AD and one or more CV RFs, namely body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary artery disease (CAD), waist hip ratio (WHR), total cholesterol (TC), low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In fold enrichment plots, we observed robust genetic enrichment in AD as a function of plasma lipids (TC, LDL, and HDL); we found minimal AD genetic enrichment conditional on BMI, T2D, CAD, and WHR. Beyond APOE, at conjunction FDR < 0.05 we identified 57 SNPs on 19 different chromosomes that were jointly associated with AD and CV outcomes including APOA4, ABCA1, ABCG5, LIPG, and MTCH2/SPI1. We found that common genetic variants influencing AD are associated with multiple CV RFs, at times with a different directionality of effect. Expression of these AD/CV pleiotropic genes was enriched for lipid metabolism processes, over-represented within astrocytes and vascular structures, highly co-expressed, and differentially altered within AD brains. Beyond APOE, we show that the polygenic component of AD is enriched for lipid associated RFs. Rather than a single causal link between genetic loci, RF and the outcome, we found that common genetic variants influencing AD are associated with multiple CV RFs. Our collective findings suggest that a network of genes involved in lipid biology also influence Alzheimer’s risk.

scholarly journals Cardiometabolic risk markers of normal weight and excess body weight in Brazilian adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silmara Salete de Barros Silva Mastroeni ◽  
Marco Fabio Mastroeni ◽  
Muryel de Carvalho Gonçalves ◽  
Guilherme Debortoli ◽  
Nilza Nunes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Risk Markers

Excess body weight leads to a variety of metabolic changes and increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in adulthood. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of risk markers for CVD among Brazilian adolescents of normal weight and with excess body weight. The markers included blood pressure, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, tumor necrosis factor alpha, fibrinogen, fasting insulin and glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), leptin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides. We calculated odds ratios (OR) using logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounders such as age, sex, physical activity, and socioeconomic background. Compared with normal weight subjects, overweight/obese adolescents were more likely to have higher systolic blood pressure (OR = 3.49, p < 0.001), fasting insulin (OR = 8.03, p < 0.001), HOMA-IR (OR = 8.03, p < 0.001), leptin (OR = 5.55, p < 0.001), and LDL-c (OR = 5.50, p < 0.001) and lower serum HDL-c concentrations (OR = 2.76, p = 0.004). After adjustment for confounders, the estimates did not change substantially, except for leptin for which the risk associated with overweight increased to 11.09 (95% CI: 4.05–30.35). In conclusion, excess body weight in adolescents exhibits strong associations with several markers that are established as causes of CVD in adults. This observation stresses the importance of primary prevention and of maintaining a healthy body weight throughout adolescence to reduce the global burden of CVD.

scholarly journals Birth weight and metabolic risk in women of different nutrition levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Milosevic ◽  
Biljana Srdic ◽  
Edita Stokic ◽  
Marina Rastovic ◽  
Tatjana Pavlica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Lower Birth Weight

Introduction: Nowadays, obesity is one of the most important health problems in both developed and developing countries. Recent studies have shown a significant association of obesity and its complications with birth weight. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of birth weight on the occurrence of metabolic disorders in normal weight and obese women. Material and Methods: The study group included 134 females of average age 41.71?11.56 years. In these women the relationship between birth weight and anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as with blood pressure values was analyzed. Results: Our results show that women with higher birth weight had higher values of the anthropometric indicators of fat mass and distribution (such as body mass index, total fat mass, waist circumference and hip circumference), as well as higher values of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In contrast, the values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol were lower in women with higher birth weight. The analysis of metabolic profile in women of different nutritional status indicates that normal weight women with metabolic syndrome had a lower birth weight when compared with normal weight women without metabolic risk (3.15 vs. 3.40 kg, p>0.05). Conclusion: Higher birth weight is related with higher fat mass, while lower birth weight is related with metabolic disturbances. Birth weight seemed to be determinant of metabolic risk in normal weight women.

scholarly journals Predicting anthropometric and metabolic traits with a genetic risk score for obesity in a sample of Pakistanis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobia Rana ◽  
Adil Anwar Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Parameter ◽  
Allelic Discrimination ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Age Range

AbstractObesity is an outcome of multiple factors including environmental and genetic influences. Common obesity is a polygenic trait indicating that multiple genetic variants act synergistically to influence its expression. We constructed a genetic risk score (GRS) based on five genetic variants (MC4R rs17782313, BDNF rs6265, FTO rs1421085, TMEM18 rs7561317, and NEGR1 rs2815752) and examined its association with obesity-related traits in a sample of Pakistanis. The study involved 306 overweight/obese (OW/OB) and 300 normal-weight (NW) individuals. The age range of the study participants was 12–63 years. All anthropometric and metabolic parameters were measured for each participant via standard procedures and biochemical assays, respectively. The genetic variants were genotyped by allelic discrimination assays. The age- and gender-adjusted associations between the GRS and obesity-related anthropometric and metabolic measures were determined using linear regression analyses. The results showed that OW/OB individuals had significantly higher mean ranks of GRS than NW individuals. Moreover, a significant association of the GRS with obesity-related anthropometric traits was seen. However, the GRS did not appear to affect any obesity-related metabolic parameter. In conclusion, our findings indicate the combined effect of multiple genetic variants on the obesity-related anthropometric phenotypes in Pakistanis.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Insulin Resistance in Non-Obese Healthy Young Females in Qatar

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Elrayess ◽  
Nasser M. Rizk ◽  
Amina S. Fadel ◽  
Abdelhamid Kerkadi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Healthy Females

The state of Qatar suffers from diabetes epidemic due to obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. However, the prevalence of insulin resistance prior to obesity, which could play an important role in the high prevalence of diabetes, has not yet been described. This study aims to compare the prevalence of insulin resistance in apparently healthy non-obese and obese participants from Qatar and identify the predictors of insulin resistance in different body mass index (BMI)-groups. In this cross-sectional study, 150 young healthy females from Qatar were dichotomized into four groups (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese) based on their BMI. Anthropometric measures as well as fasting plasma levels of lipids, adipokines, blood glucose and insulin were recorded. The prevalence of insulin resistance as per homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was estimated and differences between insulin sensitive and insulin resistant were compared. Linear models were used to identify predictors of insulin resistance in every BMI group. Prevalence of insulin resistance in non-obese healthy females from Qatar ranges between 7% and 37% and increases with BMI. Overall, predictors of insulin resistance in the Qatari population are triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio and free fat mass but vary according to the BMI group. The main predictors were triglycerides in normal weight, triglycerides/HDL in overweight and triglycerides/HDL and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in obese individuals. The high prevalence of insulin resistance in non-obese Qataris may partially explain diabetes epidemic. Larger studies are warranted to confirm these findings and identify underlying causes for insulin resistance in non-obese individuals in Qatar, aiming at targeted intervention before diabetes onset.

scholarly journals Sugar-sweetened Beverage Consumption May Modify Associations between Genetic Variants in the CHREBP Locus and HDL-C and TG Concentrations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle E. Haslam ◽  
Gina M. Peloso ◽  
Melanie Guirette ◽  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
Traci M. Bartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
The Uk

Background - Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor that responds to sugar consumption. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and genetic variants in the CHREBP locus have separately been linked to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations. We hypothesized SSB consumption would modify the association between genetic variants in the CHREBP locus and dyslipidemia. Methods - Data from 11 cohorts from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium (N=63,599) and the UK Biobank (UKB) (N=59,220) were used to quantify associations of SSB consumption, genetic variants, and their interaction on HDL-C and TG concentrations using linear regression models. A total of 1,606 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within or near CHREBP were considered. SSB consumption was estimated from validated questionnaires and participants were grouped by their estimated intake. Results - In a meta-analysis, rs71556729 was significantly associated with higher HDL-C concentrations only among the highest SSB consumers [β (95% CI) = 2.12 (1.16, 3.07) mg/dl; p <0.0002], but not significantly among the lowest SSB consumers ( p =0.81; p Diff <0.0001). Similar results were observed for two additional variants (rs35709627 and rs71556736). For TG, rs55673514 was positively associated with TG concentrations only among the highest SSB consumers [β (95% CI): 0.06 (0.02, 0.09) per allele count for log(mg/dl), p =0.001], but not the lowest SSB consumers ( p =0.84; p Diff =0.0005). Conclusions - Our results identified genetic variants in the CHREBP locus that may protect against SSB-associated reductions in HDL-C and other variants that may exacerbate SSB-associated increases in TG concentrations.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF b2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR POLYMORPHISM (RS1042713 AND RS1042714) ON ANTHROPOMETRIC, HORMONAL AND LIPID PROFILES IN POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha H. Daghestani ◽  
Maha Omair ◽  
Mazin Daghestani ◽  
Sonya S. Abdel-Razeq ◽  
Namik Kaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Exon 1 ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a frequently encountered disorder. This study aimed to identify polymorphisms in ADRB2 in Saudi PCOS development and to study its influence on lipids, hormones, and anthropometric parameters.Methods: Saudi females (100) suffering from PCOS and healthy controls (100) were investigated. The estimation of cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), plasma glucose, leptin, insulin, and ghrelin were carried out. The DNA was extracted, and ADRB2 fragment carrying the exon 1 was amplified and sequenced. Results: The waist, W/H ratio, lipids, glucose, and insulin were significantly higher in the obese PCOS compared to the normal weight group. The leptin and ghrelin were not different. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs1042713(Arg16Gly; A>G) and rs1042714 (Gln27Glu; C>G) were identified. The genotype and allele frequency of rs1042713 did not differ in the total PCOS and normal weight, and obese PCOS compare to the controls. However, rs1042714 was significantly associated with PCOS development, where the minor G allele was protective against PCOS development. Conclusions: The rs1042714 polymorphism of the ADRB associates with PCOS development in Saudis, while rs1042713 does not. However, the GG genotype of rs1042713 associates significantly with elevated BMI, waist, hip, W/H, and leptin, and decreased ghrelin. On the other hand, rs1042714 genotypes do not associate with any abnormality except the homozygous GG have higher triglycerides and lower HDL-C. Interestingly, glucose showed different correlation patterns in individuals carrying different genotypes of the two studied SNP, indicating clearly that the metabolic responses to a normal nutrient are significantly influenced by the genotypes of the SNPs in ADRB2.

scholarly journals Circulating Omentin-1, Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile Responses Following an Eight-week Aerobic Training Intervention Among Male Smokers 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Maysam Mousavi ◽  
Ali Heidarianpour ◽  
Hassan Tavassoli
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment

Abstract Background: Omentin-1 is a recently discovered circulating adipokine that plays a crucial role in modulating insulin resistance and diabetes. We investigated the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise training on serum omentin-1, insulin resistance and lipid profile in the smokers and non-smokers with normal weight. Methods: Nineteen male healthy and twenty male smokers were randomly assigned into healthy control group (C), healthy exercise group (E), control smoker group (CS) and exercise smoker group (ES). Exercise groups participated in an eight-week aerobic exercise training program (three times a week, 20-35 min per session at 55%-70% of maximum heart rate). Serum omentin-1 and insulin values were determined by ELISA and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose and lipid profile was measured before and after the intervention. Paired samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey test were applied to analyze the data (p<0.05).Results: Aerobic exercise improved both serum omentin-1 and high lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the exercise groups (p<0.05). Also, Exercise training reduced insulin, blood sugar, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (p<0.05). Omentin-1 was significantly correlated with insulin (r=-0.40, P=0.01), HOMA-IR (r=-0.38, P=0.04), TG (r=-0.40, P=0.01), TC (r=-0.49, P=0.02), LDL-C (r=-0.70, P=0.02) and HDL-C (r=0.55, P=0.03).Conclusion: The findings suggest that aerobic exercise-induced changes in omentin-1 in exercise trained smokers may be associated with the beneficial effects of exercise on reduced insulin resistance and lipid profile.

scholarly journals The single nucleotide polymorphisms rs11761556 and rs12706832 of the leptin gene are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the iraqi population

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Karar Musafer ◽  
Fahrul Huyop ◽  
Mufeed Ewadh ◽  
Eko Supriyanto ◽  
Tahreer Al-Thuwaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide

This study was conducted to assess the potential association between leptin (LEP) gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Iraqi patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from 120 diabetic subjects and 100 controls. Three specific PCR fragments were designed to flank three highly frequent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)s within LEP, rs11761556, rs12706832 and rs2167270. The amplified loci were genotyped by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) followed by Sanger sequencing for representative genotypes. Logistic regression analysis was performed to detect the association between the targeted genetic variants and T2DM. PCR-SSCP genotyping showed three banding patterns for all three targeted SNPs. Individuals with the AA genotype in both rs11761556 and rs12706832 SNPs showed significantly higher (P<0.05) body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) values than those with other genotypes. Association analysis revealed that individuals with the A allele exhibited a greater risk of T2DM. Data of the present investigation indicated that both rs11761556 and rs12706832 SNPs exerted a noticeable association with T2DM. The study suggests implementing both rs11761556 and rs12706832 SNPs in the early detection of T2DM.

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