scholarly journals Birth weight and metabolic risk in women of different nutrition levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Milosevic ◽  
Biljana Srdic ◽  
Edita Stokic ◽  
Marina Rastovic ◽  
Tatjana Pavlica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Lower Birth Weight

Introduction: Nowadays, obesity is one of the most important health problems in both developed and developing countries. Recent studies have shown a significant association of obesity and its complications with birth weight. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of birth weight on the occurrence of metabolic disorders in normal weight and obese women. Material and Methods: The study group included 134 females of average age 41.71?11.56 years. In these women the relationship between birth weight and anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as with blood pressure values was analyzed. Results: Our results show that women with higher birth weight had higher values of the anthropometric indicators of fat mass and distribution (such as body mass index, total fat mass, waist circumference and hip circumference), as well as higher values of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In contrast, the values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol were lower in women with higher birth weight. The analysis of metabolic profile in women of different nutritional status indicates that normal weight women with metabolic syndrome had a lower birth weight when compared with normal weight women without metabolic risk (3.15 vs. 3.40 kg, p>0.05). Conclusion: Higher birth weight is related with higher fat mass, while lower birth weight is related with metabolic disturbances. Birth weight seemed to be determinant of metabolic risk in normal weight women.

scholarly journals Weight cycling is associated with adverse cardiometabolic markers in a cross-sectional representative US sample

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2019-213419
Author(s):  
Lisa Kakinami ◽  
Bärbel Knäuper ◽  
Jennifer Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Weight Cycling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weight History ◽  
Cardiometabolic Markers

BackgroundWhether weight cycling (repeated weight loss and regain) is associated with cardiometabolic health is unclear. Study objective was to examine whether weight cycling since young adulthood (ie, 25 years of age) was associated with cardiometabolic markers.MethodsData from a nationally representative cross-sectional US sample (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2014) were used. Weight history was based on self-reported weight at age 25, 10 years prior and 1 year prior to the survey (n=4190, 51% male). Using current self-reported weight as the anchor, participants were classified as (1) stable weight, (2) weight losers, (3) weight gainers and (4) weight cyclers. Cardiometabolic markers included fasting lipids, insulin sensitivity and blood pressure. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyse weight history (reference: stable weight) and adjusted for covariates. Analyses incorporated the sampling design and survey weights and were stratified by sex or weight status.ResultsCompared with females with stable weight, female weight cyclers had worse lipids and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (all ps<0.05). Compared with males with stable weight, male weight cyclers had worse high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and HOMA-IR (ps<0.05). Weight cyclers with normal weight had worse HDL and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ps<0.05), and weight cyclers with overweight or obesity had worse HOMA-IR (p=0.05). Blood pressure was not associated.ConclusionWeight cycling is adversely associated with cardiometabolic markers but associations differ by sex and weight status. While weight cycling is consistently associated with worse cardiometabolic markers among females, results are mixed among males. Weight cycling is associated with worse lipid measures for normal weight persons, and marginally worse insulin sensitivity for those with overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anthropometric Indices for Metabolic Syndrome and their Association with Metabolic Risk Factors among Healthy Individuals in New Belgrade

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Veroslava Stanković ◽  
Svetlana Stojanović ◽  
Nađa Vasiljević
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Anthropometric Indices

Summary People with metabolic syndrome (MetSy) are about twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease and over four times as likely to develop type 2 diabetes compared to subjects without metabolic syndrome. Waist circumferences (WC) and body mass index (BMI) are useful screening tools for making the diagnosis. MetSy has increased the health risk in primary care. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anthropometric indices for MetSy and determine which of simple anthropometric measurements is most closely associated with metabolic risk factors. The research included 264 individuals, of which 132 men with mean age (±SD) of 44.73 ±9.37 years and 132 women with mean age (±SD) of 46.67±8.44 years. Antropometric indicators were measured using standard protocols, without shoes and outerwear. BMI was calculated as weight/height2(kg/m2) ratio, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Blood pressure measurements were obtained with the subject in a seated position by using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Blood samples were obtained after a minimum of 12-h fast; the metabolic parameters (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose) were analyzed by standard procedures. Analysis of the examinees’ medical records was also performed. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The analysis of the research results were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 10.0 (SPSS 10.0 for Windows). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 44.7% in men and 43.2% in women. Normal-weight subjects of both sexes were significantly younger and had significantly lower blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides than overweight and obese subjects. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly increased in parallel with increasing of BMI. For the whole sample, both anthropometric indices had significant associations with the other five components of MetSy. Waist circumference is a simple measure of adiposity most strongly associated with metabolic abnormalities. The results obtained in this study indicate that WC is a good indicator of health risk in women but not in men. Measurement of WC by BMI categories may indicate a person with an increased risk of development of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Leptin Levels, Basal Metabolic Rates, and Insulin Resistance in Obese Pubertal Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 017-023
Author(s):  
Elisabete Vieira Conterato ◽  
Tania Diniz Machado ◽  
Carlos Alberto Nogueira-de-Almeida ◽  
Elza Daniel Mello
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Obese Children

Abstract Introduction Obesity in children and adolescents is considered a serious public health problem. The consequences of overweight can last for life. It is extremely important to have formulas to calculate the basal metabolic rate (BMR) that are truly reliable in relation to the individual caloric expenditure. Objectives To investigate the association of serum levels of leptin, lipid profile, and insulin resistance (insuline resistance by Homeostatic Model Assessment [HOMA] index) with the body mass index (BMI) z-score of pubertal obese children. In addition, to compare the basal metabolic rate (BMR) evaluation carried out using bioimpedance (BIA) with the Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) equation. Methods Cross-sectional study including 37 pubertal obese children (aged 7 to 12 years old) seen for the first time in the outpatient care unit specialized in child obesity between June 2013 and April 2014. The participants were assessed regarding anthropometric data, body composition (fat mass) by BIA 310 bioimpedance analyzer (Biodynamic Body Composition Analyser, model 310 - Biodynamics Corporation, Seattle, EUA), and blood pressure. Blood samples were collected to measure glucose, insulin, lipid profile, triglycerides, and leptin. The stage of sexual maturity was determined by self-assessment according to the Tanner scale. Results Higher leptin levels were found in the severe obesity group (p = 0.007) and, as expected, higher BMI (p < 0.001), and fat mass (p = 0.029). The groups did not differ in relation to insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and blood pressure. The BMR measured by bioimpedance was lower as compared to the measure by the FAO/WHO equation (p < 0.001). Conclusions These results suggest that severely obese children may present leptin resistance in this early stage of life, (since this hormone is higher in these children). It is suggested that health professionals prioritize the calculation of BMR by bioimpedance, since the FAO/WHO equation seems to overestimate the caloric values.

scholarly journals Cardiometabolic risk markers of normal weight and excess body weight in Brazilian adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silmara Salete de Barros Silva Mastroeni ◽  
Marco Fabio Mastroeni ◽  
Muryel de Carvalho Gonçalves ◽  
Guilherme Debortoli ◽  
Nilza Nunes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Risk Markers

Excess body weight leads to a variety of metabolic changes and increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in adulthood. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of risk markers for CVD among Brazilian adolescents of normal weight and with excess body weight. The markers included blood pressure, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, tumor necrosis factor alpha, fibrinogen, fasting insulin and glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), leptin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides. We calculated odds ratios (OR) using logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounders such as age, sex, physical activity, and socioeconomic background. Compared with normal weight subjects, overweight/obese adolescents were more likely to have higher systolic blood pressure (OR = 3.49, p < 0.001), fasting insulin (OR = 8.03, p < 0.001), HOMA-IR (OR = 8.03, p < 0.001), leptin (OR = 5.55, p < 0.001), and LDL-c (OR = 5.50, p < 0.001) and lower serum HDL-c concentrations (OR = 2.76, p = 0.004). After adjustment for confounders, the estimates did not change substantially, except for leptin for which the risk associated with overweight increased to 11.09 (95% CI: 4.05–30.35). In conclusion, excess body weight in adolescents exhibits strong associations with several markers that are established as causes of CVD in adults. This observation stresses the importance of primary prevention and of maintaining a healthy body weight throughout adolescence to reduce the global burden of CVD.

scholarly journals 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D, Adiponectin Levels and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a Sample of Obese Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayera E. Hassan ◽  
Sahar A. El-Masry ◽  
Rokia A. El Banna ◽  
Mones M. Abu Shady ◽  
Muhammad Al-Tohamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D

BACKGROUND: Association between vitamin D, adiponectin and obesity is a matter of debate, as they play important role in linking obesity with different cardio metabolic risk factors.AIM: Evaluation of association between metabolic risk factors with both adiponectin and 25-Hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D] levels and that between adiponectin and [25(OH) D] among obese Egyptian children.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This case-control cross sectional study consisted of 65 obese and 30 healthy children, aged 8-11 years. 25(OH) D, serum adiponectin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were measured.RESULTS: The mean 25(OH)D and adiponectin levels in the obese were lower than that in control group (?<0.000). 25(OH)D were inversely correlated with body mass index, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. While adiponectin level were inversely correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. However, there is no relation between 25(OH) D and adiponectin levels among obese children and total sample.CONCLUSION: Inspite of strong association between vitamin D and adiponectin levels with metabolic risk factors and obesity, there is no relation between 25(OH)D and adiponectin levels. In obese children, There are significant negative correlations between 25(OH)D with lipid profile, and between adiponectin levels with blood pressure.

scholarly journals Child Physical Activity Associations With Cardiovascular Risk Factors Differ by Race

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas M. Edwards ◽  
Heidi J. Kalkwarf ◽  
Jessica G. Woo ◽  
Philip R. Khoury ◽  
Stephen R. Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose:The objective of this study was to characterize the relationship between objectively-measured physical activity (PA) and cardiovascular risk factors in 7-year-old children and test the hypothesis that it differs by race.Methods:Cross-sectional study of 308 7-year-old children drawn from a major US metropolitan community. PA (moderate-to-vigorous, MVPA; light, LPA; and inactivity, IA) was measured by accelerometry (RT3). Cardiovascular risk factors included BMI, blood pressure, and serum lipids, glucose and insulin concentrations. General linear modeling was used to evaluate the independent associations between PA measures and cardiovascular risk factors and interactions by race.Results:In black children, greater time spent in PA was independently associated with lower levels of triglycerides (MVPA and LPA, both p < .01), glucose (MVPA, p < .05), and insulin (MVPA, p < .01); these associations were not evident in white children. Across races, greater inactivity was independently associated with greater low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in overweight participants (p < .01) but not in normal weight participants. No PA measure was associated with BMI, systolic blood pressure, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Conclusions:In this cohort of 7-year-old children, the relationship between PA and some cardiovascular risk factors differed by race. These findings may have implications for targeting of PA promotion efforts in children.

scholarly journals Arterial stiffness in adolescence predicts elevated blood pressure in young adulthood: the ALSPAC study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A O Agbaje ◽  
A R Barker ◽  
T P Tuomainen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
History Of ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Background The American Heart Association's scientific statement on the importance of arterial stiffness recommended that future studies investigate whether increasing arterial stiffness with advancing age results from the age-associated increase in systolic blood pressure (BP). The statement also recommended investigating the natural history of arterial stiffness and BP vis-à-vis the rate at which arterial stiffness and BP increase with age. These questions remain largely unanswered in a population sample of apparently healthy adolescence and young adults. Purpose To investigate whether carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, during adolescence predicts increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in young adulthood. Methods We studied 3862 British (56% females) participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort, Bristol, UK. cfPWV was measured by Vicorder device ultrasound scan, total fat mass and lean mass were measured by dual-energy Xray absorptiometry, and systolic and diastolic BP by Omron BP/pulse monitor. We conducted multivariable linear regression analyses and adjusted for baseline covariates such as age, sex, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin concentration, heart rate, moderate to vigorous physical activity, smoking status, family history of cardiometabolic diseases, total fat mass, lean mass and systolic or diastolic BP depending on the outcome. All variables were measured both at age 17.7 and 24.5 years. Results Participants mean (SD) age in years at different time points were [17.72 (0.33) and 24.54 (0.73)]. Over a 7-year follow-up period, cfPWV was directly and independently associated with systolic BP [β = 10.762 (CI: 3.107 to 18.417); p=0.006] and diastolic BP [19.535 (12.879 to 26.191); p&lt;0.0001]. Conclusion Our findings showed that increasing arterial stiffness independently predicts higher systolic and diastolic BP with advancing age. Besides, a 0.1 m/s increase in arterial stiffness at age 17.7 years may result in a 1 mmHg increase in systolic BP and a 2 mmHg increase in diastolic BP seven years later. Therefore, public health effort should be targeted at preventing or reducing arterial stiffness during adolescence in order to decrease the risk of elevated BP in later life. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation and the Finnish Cultural Foundation

scholarly journals Dietary therapy of obesity: Effect on some hormonal and biochemical blood indices

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (55) ◽  
pp. 6881-6896
Author(s):  
ME Salwa ◽  
◽  
IAM Maha ◽  
IM Hamed ◽  
TT Salwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Homocysteine Concentration

It is now clear that the presence of obesity substantially increases the risk of related co-morbidities such as insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and others. The objective of this study was to measure adiponectin, insulin hormones, and homocysteine concentrations in obese Egyptian women before and after diet therapy that consisted of a hypo -caloric regimen supplemented with a formula rich in dietary fiber, folate and betaine. This study investigated serum adiponectin, insulin, homocysteine, lipid profiles, haemoglobin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) value in twenty eight volunteer obese women, whose mean age was 47.86±2.18 years and body mass index (BMI) was 34.10± 0.95 kg/m 2 . The studied period was 8 weeks divided into two phases, 1 and 2 of 4 weeks each. In the first phase, the women consumed a hypo- caloric diet (900 -1000 Kcal/day) plus the supplement made from highly extracted wheat (82%) comp osited with ground peanuts at a 50:50 ratio, prepared as cookies of; 20 g each. Two cookies were consumed at breakfast and one at dinner, to replace the bread carbohydrate content. In the second phase , the same subjects consumed only the hypo- caloric diet. Results showed that fasting serum glucose, insulin, homocysteine concentrations and HOMA values were reduced significantly (P<0.01) at the end of the 1 st phase, while adiponectin hormone was slightly decreased (1.3%). Homocysteine concentration increased significantly (P<0.05) at the end of the 2 nd phase, while the other parameters showed only numerical increase. Adiponectin was positively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL -C) at P<0.01 at all phases of the study, while insulin and HOMA were negatively associated at the start of the study. Homocysteine was positively correlated (P<0.05 and P<0.01) with cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL -C) and glucose at the basal test, than with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and HOMA (P<0.01) at the end of the 1st phase. In conclusion, the weight reducing diet supplemented with the dietary fiber rich formula in the short -term might have a beneficial effect on body weight, insulin and homocysteine. A diponectin showed minor changes, but its role against dyslipidemia could be suggested.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Cumulative Exposure to Metabolic Risk Factors Before Hypertension Onset: The Cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azra Ramezankhani ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
Amir Abbas Momenan ◽  
Farzad Hadaegh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Metabolic Risk

Background Previous studies have shown a sex difference in the association between hypertension and cardiovascular disease; however, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Because there are strong associations between metabolic risk factors (MRFs) and hypertension, a sex‐specific analysis of MRFs before hypertension onset could offer new insights and expand our understanding of sex differences in cardiovascular disease. We evaluated cumulative exposure to major MRFs and rate of change of those factors, including body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol among individuals who did and did not develop hypertension at follow‐up. Methods and Results We included 5374 participants (2191 men) initially without hypertension with age range of 20–50 years at baseline who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, and had been examined at least 3 times during the study period (1999–2018). In both sexes, the cumulative exposure to all MRFs (except for fasting plasma glucose and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in men) were higher in those who developed hypertension, compared with those who did not develop hypertension. However, women experienced greater cumulative exposure to major MRFs, compared with their male counterparts. Also, they experienced a faster increase in waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol than men. Furthermore, rapid increase in systolic blood pressure began earlier in women than men, at the age of 30 years. We also found that those men who developed hypertension experienced unfavorable change in major MRFs during young adulthood (<50 years of age). Conclusions Women exhibited more metabolic disturbances than men before onset of hypertension, which may explain the stronger impact of hypertension for major types of cardiovascular disease in women, compared with men.

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