scholarly journals Unresectable Ectopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Sorafenib

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ling Ko ◽  
Kazuhide Takata ◽  
Takashi Tanaka ◽  
Jun Ohishi ◽  
Morishige Takeshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Laparoscopy ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Serum Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Rare Malignancy ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

Ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare malignancy, which manifests similar morphology and immunohistochemistry to intrahepatic HCC. Herein, we report a case of ectopic HCC in a 73-year-old male. The patient presented to our hospital with gradually progressing right lower abdominal pain, and enhanced computed tomography revealed multiple nodules in the peritoneum without intrahepatic mass. A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed, and the final pathology result confirmed that it was HCC. Additional laboratory tests showed elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) levels, suggesting our diagnosis. The patient received sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), for unresectable ectopic HCC. However, the tumor progressed, and because of tarry stools and hemorrhagic anemia, sorafenib was ceased after 7 months of therapy. One month after the cessation of sorafenib, the PIVKA-II level increased abruptly, and the patient died 1 year after diagnosis. The effective treatment for unresectable ectopic HCC is still unknown. Additional cases should be accumulated to determine the effect of TKI on ectopic HCC.

scholarly journals Multiple hepatic inflammatory pseudotumors with elevated alpha-fetoprotein and alpha-fetoprotein lectin 3 fraction with various PET accumulations: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Maruno ◽  
Katsunori Imai ◽  
Yosuke Nakao ◽  
Yuki Kitano ◽  
Takayoshi Kaida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Hepatic Tumors ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Rare Benign Tumor ◽  
Serum Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

Abstract Background Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare, benign, tumor-like lesion. Because there are no characteristic laboratory markers or radiological features, hepatic IPT is often misdiagnosed as a malignant neoplasm such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Case presentation A 68-year-old man with liver dysfunction due to chronic hepatitis C virus infection and alcoholic liver disease presented with hepatic tumors in segments III and VIII. The levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and its Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction, AFP lectin 3 (AFP-L3), were elevated to 822.8 ng/ml and 75.2%, respectively. The tumor showed contrast enhancement on contrast-enhanced computed tomography and various accumulation on positron emission tomography. Based on these biological and imaging features, HCC was suspected, and we performed laparoscopic partial hepatectomy for these two tumors. Pathological diagnosis revealed that both tumors were hepatic IPTs with no malignant characteristics. After hepatectomy, the serum AFP and AFP-L3 levels decreased to the normal range. Conclusion We report a very rare case of hepatic IPT with elevated serum AFP and AFP-L3, mimicking HCC. Clinicians should include this rare neoplasm in the differential diagnoses of hepatic tumors even when the serum markers for HCC are elevated.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Pathological Complete Regression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-659
Author(s):  
Tomohiko Taniai ◽  
Yoshihiro Shirai ◽  
Hiroaki Shiba ◽  
Taro Sakamoto ◽  
Kenei Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatic Resection ◽  
Spontaneous Regression ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Third ◽  
Serum Alpha Fetoprotein

Several possible mechanisms for spontaneous regression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been reported. Spontaneous complete regression of HCC is extremely rare. We herein report a case of spontaneous pathological complete regression of HCC following decrement of elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The serum AFP of a 74-year-old man who underwent hepatic resection for HCC twice increased up to 7,529 ng/mL and then spontaneously decreased to 404 ng/mL in 2 months. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography revealed a liver tumor in segment 7 without early enhancement. With a diagnosis of recurrent HCC, partial hepatic resection was performed. The resected specimens revealed no HCC macroscopically, and pathological examination revealed only a small area with cell dysplasia. The patient remains well with normal serum AFP and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) levels for 29 months after the third hepatic resection without recurrence of HCC. We describe a case of spontaneous pathological complete regression of HCC following decrement of elevated serum AFP. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanism(s) of spontaneous regression of HCC.

scholarly journals Differential alternative splicing between hepatocellular carcinoma with normal and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (S11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Joo Jin ◽  
Habtamu Minassie Aycheh ◽  
Seonggyun Han ◽  
John Chamberlin ◽  
Jaehang Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Serum Alpha Fetoprotein

Abstract Background Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the approved serum marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening. However, not all HCC patients show high (≥ 20 ng/mL) serum AFP, and the molecular mechanisms of HCCs with normal (< 20 ng/mL) serum AFP remain to be elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to identify biological features of HCCs with normal serum AFP by investigating differential alternative splicing (AS) between HCCs with normal and high serum AFP. Methods We performed a genome-wide survey of AS events in 249 HCCs with normal (n = 131) and high (n = 118) serum AFP levels using RNA-sequencing data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Results In group comparisons of RNA-seq profiles from HCCs with normal and high serum AFP levels, 161 differential AS events (125 genes; ΔPSI > 0.05, FDR < 0.05) were identified to be alternatively spliced between the two groups. Those genes were enriched in cell migration or proliferation terms such as “the cell migration and growth-cone collapse” and “regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) transport and uptake by IGF binding proteins”. Most of all, two AS genes (FN1 and FAM20A) directly interact with AFP; these relate to the regulation of IGF transport and post-translational protein phosphorylation. Interestingly, 42 genes and 27 genes were associated with gender and vascular invasion (VI), respectively, but only eighteen genes were significant in survival analysis. We especially highlight that FN1 exhibited increased differential expression of AS events (ΔPSI > 0.05), in which exons 25 and 33 were more frequently skipped in HCCs with normal (low) serum AFP compared to those with high serum AFP. Moreover, these events were gender and VI dependent. Conclusion We found that AS may influence the regulation of transcriptional differences inherent in the occurrence of HCC maintaining normal rather than elevated serum AFP levels.

MicroRNAs as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1129-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh ◽  
Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani ◽  
Maryam Ghandehari ◽  
Fatemeh Goldani ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Reza Parizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Specific Tumor ◽  
Serum Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Patients Experience

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer, and the second most common cause of cancer-associated death globally. One of the major reasons for this high rate of mortality is a failure to make an early diagnosis. The average survival in untreated HCC patients is estimated to be approximately three months. The 5-year overall survival rate after radical resection is about 15-40% and within two years, more than two third of patients experience a relapse. To date, the most common biomarker which has been used for the diagnosis of HCC is serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). However, there is a lack of sensitive and specific tumor biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HCC. MicroRNAs are a class of short endogenous RNA with crucial role in many biological activities and cellular pathways and can be found in various tissues and body fluids. The aim of this review was to summarize the results of recent studies investigating miRNAs as novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognostic risk stratification of patients with this type of liver cancer.

Symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma. Laboratory tests used for its diagnosis and screening

2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (35) ◽  
pp. 1415-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Gervain
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Vena Portae

A hepatocellularis carcinoma korai stádiumában tünetszegény betegség. A daganatszövet növekedése és az erekbe történő betörése okoz általános és lokális tüneteket. Hasi diszkomfort, cachexia, az addig kompenzált cirrhosis terápiarezisztens dekompenzációja, súlyos esetben a vena portae vagy a hepaticus vénák thrombosisa jelzi a betegség progresszióját. A laboratóriumi leletek közül a vérkép a májfunkció, a haemostasis, a szénhidrát- és a kalciumanyagcsere eredmények gyors romlása jellemző. Az etiológia tisztázásához és a magas rizikójú betegek kiszűréséhez az alkohol, a gyógyszer- és a vegyszerártalom, a B-, C-, delta vírushepatitisek, az anyagcsere-betegségek és a nem alkoholos steatohepatitis vizsgálatai vezetnek. Májgóc esetén diagnosztikus értékű a perzisztálóan magas alfa-foetoprotein, 200 ng/ml felett >90% a pozitív prediktív értéke. A mindennapi gyakorlatban ritkábban mért biomarkerek a glikozilált alfa-foetoprotein-L3 és a K-vitamin-hiány indukálta des-gamma-karboxi-protrombin. HBeAg-pozitív krónikus B-hepatitises betegekben többszörös a tumormegjelenés valószínűsége, ha C genotípusú, a precore régiójában az 1762 és az 1764 helyen kettős mutációt tartalmazó B vírussal fertőzöttek. A magas rizikójú betegeknél 6 havonta, tisztázatlan dignitású, 1 cm alatti májgóc esetén 18–24 hónapon keresztül 3-4 havonta hasi ultrahangvizsgálat és alfa-foetoprotein-mérés javasolt.

scholarly journals YAP inactivation in estrogen receptor alpha-positive hepatocellular carcinoma with less aggressive behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngsic Jeon ◽  
Jeong Eun Yoo ◽  
Hyungjin Rhee ◽  
Young-Joo Kim ◽  
Gwang Il Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Receptor Alpha ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Favorable Prognosis ◽  
Serum Alpha Fetoprotein

AbstractThe expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα, encoded by ESR1) has been shown to be associated with the prognostic outcomes of patients in various cancers; however, its prognostic and mechanistic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the expression of ERα and its association with clinicopathological features in 339 HCC patients. ERα was expressed in 9.4% (32/339) of HCCs and was related to better overall survival (OS; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.11, p = 0.009, 95% C.I. = 0.016–0.82) and disease-free survival (DFS, HR = 0.4, p = 0.013, 95% C.I. = 0.18–0.85). ERα expression was also associated with features related to more favorable prognosis, such as older age, lower serum alpha-fetoprotein level, and less microvascular invasion (p < 0.05). In addition, to obtain mechanistic insights into the role of ERα in HCC progression, we performed integrative transcriptome data analyses, which revealed that yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway was significantly suppressed in ESR1-expressing HCCs. By performing cell culture experiments, we validated that ERα expression enhanced YAP phosphorylation, attenuating its nuclear translocation, which in turn suppressed the downstream signaling pathways and cancer cell growth. In conclusion, we suggest that ERα expression is an indicator of more favorable prognosis in HCC and that this effect is mediated by inactivation of YAP signaling. Our results provide new clinical and pathobiological insights into ERα and YAP signaling in HCC.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document