scholarly journals Unrecorded Alcohol Consumption in Seven European Union Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Manthey ◽  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Carolin Kilian ◽  
Jacek Moskalewicz ◽  
Janusz Sierosławski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
High Income ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Alcohol Related Harm ◽  
Related Harm ◽  
Country Specific

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Unrecorded alcohol, that is, alcohol not reflected in official statistics of the country where it is consumed, contributes markedly to overall consumption of alcohol. However, empirical data on unrecorded alcohol consumption are scarce, especially in high-income countries. This study measures the contribution of unrecorded alcohol in 7 member states of the European Union. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Two categories of unrecorded consumption were assessed in general population surveys (reducing alcohol related harm Standardized European Alcohol Survey; <i>n</i> = 11,224): home-made alcohol and cross-border shopping. Country-specific logistic regressions were used to link respondent characteristics to odds of acquisition of unrecorded alcohol. Total <i>per capita</i> alcohol consumption was estimated under different assumptions of calculating unrecorded alcohol consumption. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Individuals with higher drinking levels were more likely to acquire unrecorded alcohol in all 7 countries. In some countries, male sex and more affluent social class were also positively linked to acquisition of unrecorded alcohol. There was a substantial contribution of unrecorded alcohol to overall consumption in 5 out of 7 member states (Croatia, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Portugal), but not in Poland or Spain. In Greece, up to two-thirds of all alcohol consumed was estimated to be unrecorded.<b><i> Conclusion:</i></b> Unrecorded alcohol contributes to overall consumption even in high-income countries, and thus needs to be monitored. In monitoring, as many categories of unrecorded alcohol as possible should be clearly defined (e.g., surrogate alcohol) and included in future surveys.

Russian Federation – Measures on the Importation of Live Pigs, Pork and Other Pig Products from the European Union (Russia–Pigs (EU)), DS475

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alcover
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
The Eu

This dispute arose after African Swine Fever (ASF), a highly contagious disease of pigs, was detected in four member States of the European Union (EU) and Russia stopped accepting imports of pigs and pig products from the EU. The EU presented claims with respect to two measures: (i) the ‘EU-wide ban’, consisting of Russia's ban on the importation of the products at issue from the entire EU; and (ii) the ‘country-specific import bans’ imposed by Russia on imports from the four EU member States – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. There were two categories of products at issue: ‘treated products’ (finished products subject to a treatment that ensures destruction of ASF) and ‘non-treated products’ (products including live pigs, and raw meat preparations). Treated products were not subject to the EU-wide ban. The EU brought multiple claims under the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement).

Promoting policy consistency and continuity in the EU through the trio: Alcohol-related harm on the council presidency agenda

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-528
Author(s):  
Trygve Ugland
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Council Presidency ◽  
Alcohol Related Harm ◽  
Related Harm ◽  
The Eu

To what extent has the new trio group presidency model that was implemented in 2007 contributed to improved policy consistency and continuity in the European Union (EU)? This article addresses this question by comparing the role alcohol, as a health and social policy issue, has played on the agenda of individual national and trio Council presidencies since the EU Alcohol Strategy was adopted in 2006. Based on systematic analyses of 21 national and 7 trio Council presidency work programmes in the period between 2007 and 2017, the article concludes that the new trio presidency model has led to improved policy consistency and continuity through its promotion of the wider EU agenda, thus contributing to strengthen the image of the Council as a ‘club’. The close relationship between the European Commission and the trio presidencies in the preparation of the joint trio work programmes is here a key factor.

Price interrelationships in the EU cow milk markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panos Fousekis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Price Dynamics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
The Eu

This work evaluates the integration of cow milk markets in the European Union (EU) using monthly wholesale prices from 16 member states over 2003 to 2017 and rank-based cointegration techniques. The empirical results suggest that the degree of spatial market integration is high since the prices in 13 of the 16 national markets move to a large extent in sync with the average EU price for cow milk. Exceptions are the prices in Poland, Portugal and Lithuania. It appears that the differences in price dynamics may be associated with the time of accession to the EU, with Eurozone membership and with country-specific factors such as the availability of substitute commodities.

scholarly journals Homogenisation in alcohol consumption in the European Union

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Leifman
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Member States ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
The Eu

Håkan Leifman: Homogenisation in alcohol consumption in the European Union This article examines the trends in aggregate alcohol consumption in 15 European countries (14 European Union or EU member states and Norway) from 1950 to 1995. One of the aims is to outline the general trends in total consumption and beverage preferences, focusing on the dispersion over time between all the countries involved, another to look more closely behind these trends and to analyse the development for different groups of countries. Evidence points to a clear homogenisation for the whole study period in qualitative terms, that is, in beverage preferences. In terms of quantity, the homogenisation of the last 15–20 years is less distinct and can be explained mainly by a drastic reduction in wine consumption in the Mediterranean wine-drinking countries. As to the remaining countries (beer and former spirits-drinking countries), there has not been any quantitative homogenisation from the mid-1970s onwards. The results are discussed in the light of the on-going globalisation of economy, politics and culture, not least between the EU member states.

PRICE OF ALCOHOL IN EU MEMBER STATES – AFFORDABILITY OF ALCOHOLIC PRODUCTS AND ROLE OF EXCISE DUTIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fanta ◽  
◽  
Radek Soběhart ◽  
Aleš Rod ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excise Duties

This research paper focuses on alcoholic beverages and their price affordability between 2000-2016 in the member states of the European Union. Based on the data from OECD, WHO, Eurostat, and the European Commission, the paper primarily discusses development of prices and consumption of alcoholic products, level of excise duties, and the development of average wages. Overall alcohol consumption has decreased in most EU member states over the past two decades, even though price affordability has increased due to relatively dynamic development of average wages. As consumption of alcohol products is decreasing, producers of alcoholic beverages are now pushed to increase the prices of alcoholic products to keep their level of revenues, which means that the price of alcohol is growing naturally. Those facts raise a question about the role of excise duties on alcohol, whether it is an effective tool for reducing alcohol consumption or just a fiscal tool, whose further increases might lead to market distortions.

Political aspects of security of the European Union Member States

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kusztykiewicz-Fedurek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Political Security ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Eu

Political security is very often considered through the prism of individual states. In the scholar literature in-depth analyses of this kind of security are rarely encountered in the context of international entities that these countries integrate. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to key aspects of political security in the European Union (EU) Member States. The EU as a supranational organisation, gathering Member States first, ensures the stability of the EU as a whole, and secondly, it ensures that Member States respect common values and principles. Additionally, the EU institutions focus on ensuring the proper functioning of the Eurozone (also called officially “euro area” in EU regulations). Actions that may have a negative impact on the level of the EU’s political security include the boycott of establishing new institutions conducive to the peaceful coexistence and development of states. These threats seem to have a significant impact on the situation in the EU in the face of the proposed (and not accepted by Member States not belonging to the Eurogroup) Eurozone reforms concerning, inter alia, appointment of the Minister of Economy and Finance and the creation of a new institution - the European Monetary Fund.

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