Radiographic Yield for Clinical Caries Diagnosis in Young Adults: Indicators for Radiographic Examination

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Christina Carvalho ◽  
Heliana D. Mestrinho ◽  
Alain Guillet ◽  
Marisa Maltz
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Caries Diagnosis ◽  
Caries Activity ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Approximal Surfaces

This prospective cohort study investigated the distribution pattern of carious lesions diagnosed by visual tactile and radiographic examinations, assessed the radiographic yield for clinical caries diagnosis, and estimated how accurately commonly used indicators for caries identified young adults who would benefit from radiographs at different thresholds. Overall, 576 patients aged 16–32 years seeking a first consultation were included. Patients were examined for caries and answered a validated questionnaire on sociodemographics and oral health behavior. Almost 10% of clinically sound approximal surfaces presented radiolucency in enamel/dentine. Of the clinically diagnosed noncavitated approximal and occlusal lesions, 22.5 and 17.7%, respectively, presented radiolucency reaching dentine at the radiographic examination. Noncavitated/enamel lesions detected radiographically were mainly at approximal surfaces (73.2%), while at occlusal surfaces these were negligible (0.7%). More than half of approximal dentine lesions were only detected radiographically (61.3%), while more than half of occlusal dentine lesions were only clinically diagnosed (57.1%). The hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that patient’s caries activity, D1MFS scores ≥17, and frequent consumption of soft drinks were significantly associated with detection of approximal enamel/dentine lesions. Also, patient’s caries activity and frequent consumption of soft drinks were significantly associated with occlusal dentine caries (p ≤ 0.05). The indicator power of grouping these indicators as a predictor for the presence of radiographically detected lesions showed high sensitivity (0.84–0.91) and moderate specificity (0.64–0.73) for all surfaces and thresholds tested. In conclusion, radiographs increased significantly the number of approximal enamel/dentine and occlusal dentine lesions diagnosed. The ability to identify young adults with approximal lesions from the predictor was satisfactory. Bearing in mind that an essential contribution of bitewing radiographs to clinical examination is the detection of approximal noncavitated/enamel lesions that can be inactivated by nonoperative interventions, our results support the prescription of radiographs in young adults seeking a first consultation. Updating of current guidelines’ recommendation of radiographs is warranted.

scholarly journals C-reactive Protein Concentration Distribution among US Children and Young Adults: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2000

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1353-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl S Ford ◽  
Wayne H Giles ◽  
Gary L Myers ◽  
Nader Rifai ◽  
Paul M Ridker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
National Health ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Us Children

Abstract Background: The distribution of C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations among children and young adults in the US is not known at present. Methods: We used data from 3348 US children and young adults 3–19 years of age who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2000, to describe the distribution of CRP concentrations, based on results obtained with a high-sensitivity latex-enhanced turbidimetric assay. Results: The range of CRP concentrations was 0.1–90.8 mg/L (mean, 1.6 mg/L; geometric mean, 0.5 mg/L; median, 0.4 mg/L). CRP concentrations increased with age. Females 16–19 years of age had higher concentrations than males in this age range (P = 0.003). Mexican Americans had the highest CRP concentrations among the three major race or ethnic groups (P <0.001). Conclusions: For the first time, these data describe the CRP concentration distribution among US children and young adults, based on results obtained with a high-sensitivity assay.

scholarly journals Frequency of consumption of fruits, vegetables and soft drinks: a comparative study among adolescents in urban and rural areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iza Cristina de Vasconcelos Martins Xavier ◽  
Carla Menêses Hardman ◽  
Maria Laura Siqueira de Souza Andrade ◽  
Mauro Virgilio Gomes de Barros
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Objective: To compare the frequency of consumption of fruits, vegetables and soft drinks among adolescents living in urban and rural areas of Pernambuco State. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on secondary analysis of data from a representative sample of high school students in Pernambuco (n = 4,207, 14 - 19 years) was conducted. Data were collected through a previously validated questionnaire. Adolescents who reported a daily consumption of soft drinks and occasional consumption of fruits, juices and vegetables were classified as exposed to inadequate standard of consumption of these foods. The independent variable was the place of residence (urban/rural). Data were analyzed by frequency distribution, χ2 test and binary logistic regression. Results: It was observed that students residing in rural areas had a higher prevalence of occasional consumption of natural fruit juices (37.6%; 95%CI 36.1 - 39.0) than those living in urban areas (32.1%; 95%CI 30.7 - 33.6). The proportion of students exposed to daily consumption of soft drinks was higher among those who reported they lived in urban areas (65.0%; 95%CI 63.5 - 66.4) compared to those who reported living in rural areas (55.3%; 95%CI 53.8 - 56.9). Conclusion: Adolescent students living in rural areas had a higher prevalence of low consumption of natural fruit juices while those residing in urban areas had a higher prevalence of daily consumption of soda drinks.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Diabetes and Its Determinants in the Young Adults Indian Population-Call for Yoga Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghuram Nagarathna ◽  
Parul Bali ◽  
Akshay Anand ◽  
Vinod Srivastava ◽  
Suchitra Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
History Of

BackgroundThe young Indian population, which constitutes 65% of the country, is fast adapting to a new lifestyle, which was not known earlier. They are at a high risk of the increasing burden of diabetes and associated complications. The new evolving lifestyle is not only affecting people’s health but also mounting the monetary burden on a developing country such as India.AimWe aimed to collect information regarding the prevalence of risk of diabetes in young adults (<35 years) in the 29 most populous states and union territories (7 zones) of India, using a validated questionnaire.MethodsA user-friendly questionnaire-based survey using a mobile application was conducted on all adults in the 29 most populous states/union territories of India, after obtaining ethical clearance for the study. Here, we report the estimation of the prevalence of the risk of diabetes and self-reported diabetes on 58,821 young individuals below the age of 35 years. Risk for diabetes was assessed using a standardized instrument, the Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS), that has 4 factors (age, family history of diabetes, waist circumference, and physical activity). Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to check the correlations.ResultsThe prevalence of high (IDRS score > 60), moderate (IDRS score 30–50), and low (IDRS < 30) diabetes risk in young adults (<35 years) was 10.2%, 33.1%, and 56.7%, respectively. Those with high-risk scores were highest (14.4%) in the Jammu zone and lowest (4.1%) in the central zone. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 1.8% with a small difference between men (1.7%) and women (1.9%), and the highest (8.4%) in those with a parental history of diabetes. The south zone had the highest (2.5%), and the north west zone had the lowest (4.4%) prevalence.ConclusionsIndian youth are at high risk for diabetes, which calls for an urgent action plan through intensive efforts to promote lifestyle behavior modifications during the pandemics of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases.

scholarly journals Still careless: Findings from a cross-sectional study of young pedestrians’ risky road crossing behaviors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Hashemiparast ◽  
Manoj Sharma ◽  
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi ◽  
Zahra Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Road Crossing

Abstract Background: Pedestrian-vehicle collision is one of the most common traffic injuries worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of pedestrians' road crossing beliefs and behaviors in potentially risky situations using the Theory of Planned Behavior among Iranian young adults. Methods: This was a population-based study on a sample of 562 young adults aged 18 to 25 years living in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected by using a self-administered validated questionnaire including constructs of the theory of planned behavior and items of perceived risk and severity.. The data were analyzed using independent t-test, analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of variance. Results: From all the respondents, 17.8% reported that they had previous experience of vehicle-collision. Among those with previous experience reported fewer safety behaviors than those who did not experience an accident. It was found significant differences between participants with and without a history of vehicle-collision for perceived risk (mean difference, adjusted multivariate P-value: -5.77, 0.027) and perceived severity (-6.08, 0.003), attitude toward traffic regulations (-6.34, 0.006), attitude toward behavior (-7.56, 0.005), perceived behavioral control (-5.20, 0.018), behavioral intention (-5.35, 0.046) and road crossing behavior in potentially risky situations (-5.37, 0.004). Conclusions: Previous unpleasant experience of vehicle-collision is not the only determinant of self-protective behaviors in road- crossing which indicate the role of cognitive and motivational factors such as, subjective norms, attitudes towards risk, feelings of invulnerability in case of facing with vehicle collision.

scholarly journals How to Intervene in the Caries Process in Children: A Joint ORCA and EFCD Expert Delphi Consensus Statement

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian H. Splieth ◽  
Avijit Banerjee ◽  
Peter Bottenberg ◽  
Lorenzo Breschi ◽  
Guglielmo Campus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Delphi Consensus ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Caries Activity ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Conservative Dentistry ◽  
Caries Management ◽  
The Individual

This paper provides recommendations for dentists for the treatment of dental caries in children, with an emphasis on early childhood caries (ECC), primary teeth, and occlusal surfaces in permanent teeth. A consensus workshop followed by an e-Delphi consensus process was conducted with an expert panel nominated by the European Organization for Caries Research (ORCA) and European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD)/German Association of Conservative Dentistry (DGZ) boards. Based on 3 systematic reviews and a nonsystematic literature search, recommendations were developed. The caries decline has led to a more polarized disease distribution in children and adolescents along social gradients which should be taken into account when managing the caries process at all levels, such as the individual, the group, or a population. The control or reduction of caries activity is the basis for successful caries management. In children, caries management requires adequate daily oral hygiene and fluoride application via toothpaste, ensured by caregivers, and especially for ECC prevention an emphasis on sugar intake reduction is needed. These noninvasive interventions are also suitable to arrest or control initial or even cavitated dentine caries lesions in the absence of irreversible pulpitis. Fluoride varnish or silver diammine fluoride can be added as supplementary agents. In pits and fissures, composite resin materials can be used as preventive sealants and for defect-oriented minimally invasive restorations. In primary molars, preformed metal crowns are more successful than multisurface fillings, especially in caries-active patients. With persisting high caries activity, multiple lesions, and limited cooperation, caries control should consist of robust measures with high success rates, even including extraction in selected cases. This applies especially to treatments performed under general anesthesia.

High sensitivity C-reactive protein in pre-hypertensive young adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 2309-2312
Author(s):  
A.R. Jamalludin ◽  
S.M.S. Azarisman ◽  
N.S M. S. Aidea ◽  
A. Nor Zamzila ◽  
A. Aszrin
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein

scholarly journals An adapted instrument to assess informed consent comprehension among youth and parents in rural western Kenya: a validation study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e021613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Olanrewaju Afolabi ◽  
Stuart Rennie ◽  
Denise Dion Hallfors ◽  
Tracy Kline ◽  
Susannah Zeitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Study Participants

ObjectiveTo adapt and validate a questionnaire originally developed in a research setting for assessment of comprehension of consent information in a different cultural and linguistic research setting.DesignThe adaptation process involved development and customisation of a questionnaire for each of the three study groups, modelled closely on the previously validated questionnaire. The three adapted draft questionnaires were further reviewed by two bioethicists and the developer of the original questionnaire for face and content validity. The revised questionnaire was subsequently programmed into an audio computerised format, with translations and back translations in three widely spoken languages by the study participants: Luo, Swahili and English.SettingThe questionnaire was validated among adolescents, their parents and young adults living in Siaya County, a rural region of western Kenya.ParticipantsTwenty-five-item adapted questionnaires consisting of close-ended, multiple-choice and open-ended questions were administered to 235 participants consisting of 107 adolescents, 92 parents and 36 young adults. Test-retest was conducted 2–4 weeks after first questionnaire administration among 74 adolescents, young adults and parents.Outcome measurePrimary outcome measures included ceiling/floor analysis to identify questions with extremes in responses and item-level correlation to determine the test-retest relationships. Given the data format, tetrachoric correlations were conducted for dichotomous items and polychoric correlations for ordinal items. The qualitative validation assessment included face and content validity evaluation of the adapted instrument by technical experts.ResultsCeiling/floor analysis showed eight question items for which >80% of one or more groups responded correctly, while for nine questions, including all seven open-ended questions,<20% responded correctly. Majority of the question items had moderate to strong test-retest correlation estimates indicating temporal stability.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that cross-cultural adaptation and validation of an informed consent comprehension questionnaire is feasible. However, further research is needed to develop a tool which can estimate a quantifiable threshold of comprehension thereby serving as an objective indicator of the need for interventions to improve comprehension.

scholarly journals Traditional clinical criteria outperform high-sensitivity C-reactive protein for the screening of hepatic nuclear factor 1 alpha maturity-onset diabetes of the young among young Asians with diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 271-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Rama Chandran ◽  
Jaydutt Bhalshankar ◽  
Rashida Farhad Vasanwala ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Katharine R. Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Gene Testing ◽  
Hnf1a Gene ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Nuclear Factor 1

Background: Young adults with diabetes in Asia represent a heterogeneous group. Using traditional clinical criteria to preselect individuals for testing for maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) may exclude a large proportion from testing. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has shown promise as a biomarker to differentiate hepatic nuclear factor 1 alpha ( HNF1A)-MODY from type 2 diabetes. We aimed to compare the use of hs-CRP as a biomarker versus traditional criteria, to guide testing for HNF1A-MODY among a cohort of young adults with diabetes in Singapore. Methods: A total of 252 adults (age of onset ⩽45 years) and 20 children with diabetes were recruited. Using traditional criteria (family history of diabetes and onset of diabetes ⩽25 years) and an hs-CRP cut off of ⩽0.5 mg/l, 125 and 37 adults, respectively, were identified for HNF1A gene testing. All children underwent HNF1A gene testing. Results: Five adults (5/143, 3.5%) with HNF1A-MODY were identified. There were no HNF1A gene mutations among the children. Traditional criteria correctly identified all five HNF1A-MODY individuals (5/125, 4%), while applying an hs-CRP level of ⩽0.5 mg/l selected just 1 of these 5 for HNF1A gene testing (1/37, 2.7%). None of those with a positive GAD antibody or undetectable C-peptide level had HNF1A-MODY. Conclusion: The use of hs-CRP to guide screening for HNF1A-MODY among Asian young adults with diabetes did not improve the diagnostic yield. Applying a combination of age of onset of diabetes under 25 years and a family history of diabetes alone could guide targeted HNF1A-MODY screening in Asians, with an expected yield of 4% diagnosed with HNF1A-MODY among those screened.

Impact of substituting added sugar in carbonated soft drinks by intense sweeteners in young adults in the Netherlands: example of a benefit–risk approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke A. Hendriksen ◽  
Mariken J. Tijhuis ◽  
Heidi P. Fransen ◽  
Hans Verhagen ◽  
Jeljer Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Carbonated Soft Drinks ◽  
Risk Approach
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