scholarly journals Why the N (Nutrition) was Added in the EAGEN Acronym?

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 97-99
Author(s):  
Tomica Milosavljević ◽  
Mirjana Kostić-Milosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
European Association ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Gastroenterology ◽  
Continuous Education ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Name Change ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Long Time

Background: Nutrition has been neglected for a long time as an important factor in the pathogenesis of digestive diseases, but also in the treatment, despite Hippocrates long ago insisted “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.” Summary: New insights into the importance of nutrition in the emergence of disease, and especially in the field of prevention of diseases of the digestive tract, impose the need to pay special attention to the nutrition field. The goal of nutrition as one of the focuses of European Association on Gastroenterology, Endoscopy and Nutrition (EAGEN) activities means awareness of the importance and the goal of making nutrition knowledge a part of comprehensive gastroenterologist’s continuous education. All the above arguments directed the EAGEN to have nutrition (N) – in the name of the organization – acronym, on an equal basis with clinical gastroenterology (G) and endoscopy (E). Key Messages: “Nomen est omen” – The name is a sign, the name speaks for itself; that is, the best explanation for a name change in the fifth decade of organization’s existence and activity, such as pointing to the direction of future activities and priorities.

scholarly journals Challenges in global biodiversity conservation and solutions that cross sociology, politics, economics and ecology

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 897-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Hoban ◽  
Cristiano Vernesi
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Conservation Biology ◽  
European Association ◽  
Natural Interfaces ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Psychology And Law ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Global Biodiversity

The study and practice of conservation biology is inherently interdisciplinary, addresses short and long time-scales and occurs within complex human–natural interfaces. Zoos and aquaria, in partnership with researchers, other non-government organizations, government, industry and educators, are combining knowledge of species and ecosystems with economics, psychology and law to create solutions for conserving biodiversity. From 22 to 25 May, the Conservation Forum of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria was a venue for discussing conservation research, education and interventions, from the scale of villages to global policy.

scholarly journals DETECTING PROTRUSION LESION IN DIGESTIVE TRACT USING A SINGLE-STAGE DETECTION METHOD

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W12 ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
L. Wang ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
S. Huang ◽  
C. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Biomedical Image Processing ◽  
Biomedical Image ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Long Time

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The classification networks have already existed for a long time and achieve great success. However, in biomedical image processing, classifying normal and abnormal ones only is not enough clinically, the desired output should include localization, i.e., where the lesion is. In this paper, we present a method for detecting protrusion lesion in digestive tract. We use a deep learning-based model to build a computer-aided diagnosis system to help doctors examine the intestinal diseases. Learn from existing detection method, one-stage and two-stage detection algorithm, a new network suitable for protrusion lesion detection is proposed. We inherit the method of anchor generation in SSD, a fast single-stage object detector outperform R-CNN series in terms of speed. Multi-scale feature layers are assigned to generate different sizes of default anchor boxes. Different from the previous work, our method doesnt require additional preprocessing because the network can learn features autonomously. For the 256*256 input, our method achieves 73% AP, perform a novel way to detect protrusion lesions.</p>

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL AND BEHAVIOURAL PECULIARITIES OF THE POPULATION IN THE GENESIS OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
David Sabău ◽  
◽  
Grigore Friptuleac ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Food Factor ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
North East ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Background. Digestive diseases, the third leading cause of death in Romania (4.9% of total deaths in 2010), are responsible for the annual loss of about 77 persons/100,000 population in 2009-2010, increasing compared to 2005. The large share these diseases have in pathology, high potential disabling of some of them, their interactions with environmental factors and food require their knowledge in early stages, treatment and prevention of complications. Aims. Aim of this study are to estimate the particularities of nutrition and the health of people with diseases of the digestive system, highlighting behavioral risk factors and preventive measures development in Cluj County. Methods. There were established two study groups, each made up of 255 people, including 1st lot that includes people taking one of the Cluj County digestive diseases known, and the 2nd lot that is being made of the population compared to the same county that have not been diagnosed diseases of the digestive tract. Results. In the study there were identified and prioritized key digestive disorders diagnosed in the group of subjects who are established in a particular period in Gastroenterology Clinic of Cluj Napoca. They determine relations between morbidity by diseases of the digestive and behavioral risk factors and they were developing preventive measures determining the impact of behavioral risk factors in the onset and development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Conclusions. 1. In the conducted study found that digestive pathology had a wide representation among the investigated subjects, including all segments of the digestive tract. 2. At all digestive pathologies studied could not detect a single factor, each being able pathology could be assigned several factors (food, behavioral, environmental etc.). 3. Food factor can be considered as the predominant factor in the onset, maintenance or aggravation of digestive pathologies studied. 4. In the conducted study it was established as risk factors (along with the food) also smoking, alcohol consumption, a family history and even some vitamin deficiencies. 5. Extended studied digestive pathology is found distributed in proportions relative to the geographic areas studied area of Cluj County. On the regions, distribution percentages are so close that differences are considered unsignificant (North East – 22%, 23% – Northwest, Southwest - 29% and Southeast - 26%).

scholarly journals Clinical case of multiple intestinal perforations caused by magnets

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
O.V. Ryzhenko ◽  
◽  
O.V. Perederiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Conflicts Of Interests ◽  
Tract Perforation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Neodymium Magnets ◽  
Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies ◽  
Septic Condition

Gastrointestinal foreign bodies in children are a common reason for emergency surgical care. Among the foreign bodies of the digestive tract, special attention should be paid to neodymium magnets, known for their strong magnetic abilities and high resistance to demagnetization. The usual age of hospitalized children with intestinal magnetic bodies is 2–4 years. Swallowing neodymium balls can be accompanied with perforation, fistula, intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, shot bowel syndrome; septic condition with fatalities. The article presents a clinical case of swallowing 17 magnets by two-years-old boy for a long time. The child was hospitalized without anamnestic date of foreign bodies to the digestive tract. Intestinal magnets were diagnosed radiological. Early surgery with gentle tactics was used. The child recovered. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. The authors declare no conflicts of interests. Key words: foreign bodies of digestive tract, perforation, magnets.

scholarly journals Pathophysiologic Role of Neurotransmitters in Digestive Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxu Yang ◽  
Jun Lou ◽  
Weixi Shan ◽  
Jianhong Ding ◽  
Zhe Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Movement ◽  
New Drug Development ◽  
Chemical Synapses

Neurotransmitters are special molecules that serve as messengers in chemical synapses between neurons, cells, or receptors, including catecholamines, serotonin, dopamine, and other neurotransmitters, which play an important role in both human physiology and pathology. Compelling evidence has indicated that neurotransmitters have an important physiological role in various digestive diseases. They act as ligands in combination with central or peripheral receptors, and transmits signals through chemical synapses, which are involved in regulating the physiological and pathological processes of the digestive tract organs. For instance, neurotransmitters regulate blood circulation and affect intestinal movement, nutrient absorption, the gastrointestinal innate immune system, and the microbiome. In this review, we will focus on the role of neurotransmitters in the pathogenesis of digestive tract diseases to provide novel therapeutic targets for new drug development in digestive diseases.

scholarly journals Capsule endoscopy – accurate diagnosis method for detection of obscure digestive bleedings and secondary chronic anemia

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
A.P. Suceveanu ◽  
Andra-Iulia Suceveanu ◽  
Laura Mazilu ◽  
Irinel-Raluca Parepa ◽  
F. Voinea
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Small Bowel Tumors ◽  
Chronic Anemia ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Videocapsule Endoscopy ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background. Capsule endoscopy is a revolutionary new diagnostic method for the detection of digestive diseases, especially localized at the level of small bowel and colorectal tract. This method is the only technique that allows endoscopic examination of the digestive tract without sedation. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common indication for capsule endoscopy, which commonly diagnoses arteriovenous malformations, small bowel tumors, ulcers or tumors missed at standard endoscopy or other imaging examinations [1]. Aim. Our study aimed to detect the accuracy of endoscopic videocapsule in detecting the cause of microscopic anemia in patients with supposed digestive pathologies. Material and method. We used PillCam 2 Platform provided by Given Imaging, a system consisting of PillCam 2 videocapsules, a data recorder, a set of sensors and the Rapid 7 Access computer soft capable to receive and transform pictures into films, in order to visualize the entire digestive gastrointestinal tract. We examined 25 patients with chronic anemia, all of them without any known hematologic, renal or digestive disease, investigated by standard imagistic and lab techniques. Results. From the total of 25 investigated patients, 18 (72%) of them presented sources of bleeding discovered with videocapsule endoscopy. The source of bleeding was the small bowel in 10 cases (55%) and the colorectal tract in 8 cases (45%). The accuracy of videocapsule was very good for detecting the digestive tract obscure sources of bleeding (Sn=74%, Sp=87%). Conclusions. The videocapsule endoscopy is an accurate imagistic option to detect digestive sources of bleeding and to identify the cause of many chronic anemia

The Pluripotency of the Pharyngeal Primordium in Urodelan Neurulæ1

Development ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-448
Author(s):  
Tokindo S. Okada
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Long Time

It was for a long time taken for granted that determination of the primordia of the endodermal organs of Amphibia occurs prior to gastrulation (cf. Holtfreter, 1938 a, b; Stableford, 1948). There have been, however, some data which seem to conflict with this statement. For instance, after the extirpation of some endodermal primordium or primordia from neurulae or more advanced embryos of urodeles, the remaining endoderm shows regulative development into an almost complete digestive tract, no deficiency of any endodermal organs being encountered (Balinsky, 1948; Okada, 1953; Mikami & Murakawa, 1954). Moreover, when a small endodermal fragment from a gastrula or neurula is transplanted into a heterotopic site of another embryo, its resulting differentiation is not bedeutungsgemäss, but ortsgemäss in many cases (Balinsky, 1938, 1948). Judging from these findings, we cannot help concluding that each endodermal primordium is not in a state of final determination even after gastrulation, although, of course, it may be possible that labile determination has already begun at a much earlier stage.

200kv superconducting cryo electron microscope

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 642-643
Author(s):  
M. Iwatsuki ◽  
Y. Kokubo ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
J. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Crystal Fields ◽  
Special Skill ◽  
Long Time

In recent years, the electron microscope has been significantly improved in resolution and we can obtain routinely atomic-level high resolution images without any special skill. With this improvement, the structure analysis of organic materials has become one of the interesting targets in the biological and polymer crystal fields.Up to now, X-ray structure analysis has been mainly used for such materials. With this method, however, great effort and a long time are required for specimen preparation because of the need for larger crystals. This method can analyze average crystal structure but is insufficient for interpreting it on the atomic or molecular level. The electron microscopic method for organic materials has not only the advantage of specimen preparation but also the capability of providing various information from extremely small specimen regions, using strong interactions between electrons and the substance. On the other hand, however, this strong interaction has a big disadvantage in high radiation damage.

A Stationary Solution of High-Energy Electron Reflection (HEER) for An Arbitrary Surface

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
YIQUN MA
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Solution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Bloch Wave ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Periodic Surface ◽  
Electron Transmission ◽  
Electron Reflection ◽  
Long Time

For a long time, the development of dynamical theory for HEER has been stagnated for several reasons. Although the Bloch wave method is powerful for the understanding of physical insights of electron diffraction, particularly electron transmission diffraction, it is not readily available for the simulation of various surface imperfection in electron reflection diffraction since it is basically a method for bulk materials and perfect surface. When the multislice method due to Cowley & Moodie is used for electron reflection, the “edge effects” stand firmly in the way of reaching a stationary solution for HEER. The multislice method due to Maksym & Beeby is valid only for an 2-D periodic surface.Now, a method for solving stationary solution of HEER for an arbitrary surface is available, which is called the Edge Patching method in Multislice-Only mode (the EPMO method). The analytical basis for this method can be attributed to two important characters of HEER: 1) 2-D dependence of the wave fields and 2) the Picard iteractionlike character of multislice calculation due to Cowley and Moodie in the Bragg case.

Direct imaging of charge transfer

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
Yimei Zhu ◽  
J. Tafto
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Image Charge ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Electron Holes ◽  
First Time

The electron holes confined to the CuO2-plane are the charge carriers in high-temperature superconductors, and thus, the distribution of charge plays a key role in determining their superconducting properties. While it has been known for a long time that in principle, electron diffraction at low angles is very sensitive to charge transfer, we, for the first time, show that under a proper TEM imaging condition, it is possible to directly image charge in crystals with a large unit cell. We apply this new way of studying charge distribution to the technologically important Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+δ superconductors.Charged particles interact with the electrostatic potential, and thus, for small scattering angles, the incident particle sees a nuclei that is screened by the electron cloud. Hence, the scattering amplitude mainly is determined by the net charge of the ion. Comparing with the high Z neutral Bi atom, we note that the scattering amplitude of the hole or an electron is larger at small scattering angles. This is in stark contrast to the displacements which contribute negligibly to the electron diffraction pattern at small angles because of the short g-vectors.

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