New Comparative Cytogenetic Data on Three Genera of Armored Catfishes of Ancistrini (Loricariidae: Hypostominae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Sandra Mariotto ◽  
Liano Centofante ◽  
Paulo C. Venere ◽  
Daniela C. Ferreira ◽  
Roberto F. Artoni
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Distance Analysis ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Mtdna Coi ◽  
Rdna Sites

The karyotypes and other chromosomal markers of 4 catfish species, namely Lasiancistrus schomburgkii, Lasiancistrus sp., Araichthysloro, and Megalancistrus sp., members of a taxonomically complex and speciose tribe of catfishes Ancistrini, Hypostominae, were examined using conventional (Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR, and C-banding) and molecular cytogenetic protocols (FISH) and DNA barcoding. In L. schomburgkii, Lasiancistrus sp., and A.loro a diploid number 2n = 54 was observed, with karyotypes composed of 28m + 16sm + 10st, 36m + 12sm + 6st chromosomes, while Megalancistrus sp. had 2n = 52, with the karyotype composed of 28m + 16sm + 8st chromosomes. The Ag-NOR phenotypes were simple in all 4 species, which was confirmed by FISH with an 18S rDNA probe. However, the positive 5S rDNA sites varied among species: 2 chromosome pairs in L. schomburgkii, Lasiancistrus sp., and A. loro, and only 1 pair in Megalancistrus sp. The blocks of constitutive heterochromatin were poorly visible in the pericentromeric and telomeric regions of most chromosomes of the examined species by C-banding. The genetic distance analysis, based on mtDNA COI gene sequences (DNA barcoding), confirmed the species as 4 taxonomic units. Ours and other published data indicate that karyotype differentiation among Ancistrini is complex and divergent and indicates the occurrence of common chromosomal rearrangements, such as pericentric inversions conserving the diploid number, and other rearrangements that are more frequent in some genera, such as centric fusions in Ancistrus.

scholarly journals Studies on the DNA Barcoding of Two Newly Discovered Chicken Breeds by mtDNA COI Gene

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1711-1713
Author(s):  
Gao Yu-Shi ◽  
Tu Yun-Jie ◽  
Tang Xiu-Jun ◽  
Lu Jun-Xian ◽  
Zhang Xiao-Yan
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Mtdna Coi ◽  
Chicken Breeds

scholarly journals Genomic Organization of Repetitive DNA Elements and Extensive Karyotype Diversity of Silurid Catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes): A Comparative Cytogenetic Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3545
Author(s):  
Sukhonthip Ditcharoen ◽  
Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo ◽  
Petr Ráb ◽  
Eva Hnátková ◽  
Wagner Franco Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
Genomic Divergence ◽  
Fish Chromosomes ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Repetitive Dna Elements

The catfish family Siluridae contains 107 described species distributed in Asia, but with some distributed in Europe. In this study, karyotypes and other chromosomal characteristics of 15 species from eight genera were examined using conventional and molecular cytogenetic protocols. Our results showed the diploid number (2n) to be highly divergent among species, ranging from 2n = 40 to 92, with the modal frequency comprising 56 to 64 chromosomes. Accordingly, the ratio of uni- and bi-armed chromosomes is also highly variable, thus suggesting extensive chromosomal rearrangements. Only one chromosome pair bearing major rDNA sites occurs in most species, except for Wallago micropogon, Ompok siluroides, and Kryptoterus giminus with two; and Silurichthys phaiosoma with five such pairs. In contrast, chromosomes bearing 5S rDNA sites range from one to as high as nine pairs among the species. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) experiments evidenced large genomic divergence, even between congeneric species. As a whole, we conclude that karyotype features and chromosomal diversity of the silurid catfishes are unusually extensive, but parallel some other catfish lineages and primary freshwater fish groups, thus making silurids an important model for investigating the evolutionary dynamics of fish chromosomes.

Comparative Cytogenetics of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Agassiz, 1829) (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) Species Complex from Different Brazilian Hydrographic Basins

2016 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana F. Martinez ◽  
Roberto L. Lui ◽  
Josiane B. Traldi ◽  
Daniel R. Blanco ◽  
Orlando Moreira-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Telomeric Sequence ◽  
Comparative Cytogenetics ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Araguaia River ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
Hoplerythrinus Unitaeniatus

Chromosomal characteristics of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus populations from 5 Brazilian river basins, namely Arinos (Amazonas basin), Araguaia, Paraguai, Alto Paraná, and São Francisco were analyzed by conventional Giemsa staining, C-banding, silver nitrate impregnation, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S and 5S rDNA and telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n probes. The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 48 in representatives of the populations from Paraguai and Alto Paraná River basins and 2n = 52 for those from the Arinos and Araguaia River basins. The São Francisco population had individuals with 2n = 50 and 52 occurring in sympatry. C-banding showed heterochromatic blocks mainly located at interstitial and pericentromeric positions in most of the chromosomes. Silver nitrate impregnation demonstrated simple NORs for representatives from Arinos and Araguaia River populations and multiple NORs for specimens from Paraguai, Alto Paraná, and São Francisco River populations. FISH with 18S and 5S rDNA probes revealed many chromosomes carrying these cistrons, with up to 21 chromosomes bearing 18S rDNA sites (Alto Rio Paraná basin) and up to 12 chromosomes with 5S rDNA sites (Paraguai basin), besides the occurrence of colocalization in all populations. FISH with telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n detected sites in the terminal portion of the chromosomes in all populations. These data reinforce the idea that H. unitaeniatus is a species complex. Evolutionary and biogeographical aspects of the group in the Neotropical region are discussed.

scholarly journals DNA barcoding for identification of some fish species (Carangidae) in Vietnam coastal area

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-536
Author(s):  
Pham The Thu ◽  
Nguyen Manh Linh ◽  
Nguyen Van Quan ◽  
Pham Van Chien ◽  
Dao Huong Ly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Yellow Card ◽  
Mtdna Coi ◽  
Seriola Quinqueradiata ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
The Eu

Carangidae family has got about 148 species belonging to 32 genera. In Vietnam, Carangidae is of high commercial value and playing an important role in the ecosystem. In the context Vietnam has received yellow card for seafood since Nov. 2017 by the EU, in which one of the main reasons was related to the restriction of traceability. In this study, DNA barcoding technique of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was used to classify 56 specimens of Carangidae from three coastal areas (Northern, Central and Southern) in Vietnam to evaluate the effectiveness compared to the morphological classification method. Results showed that 21 species belonging to 16 genera were determined by the COI barcode while 18 species (16 genera) were determined when using morphological method. Seriola quinqueradiata and Trachinotus anak were newly recorded in Vietnam. From 56 sequences with 660 bp of mtDNA (COI), total 27 haplotypes were detected; haplotype diversity (h) and nucleotide diversity (π) were 0.903 ± 0.00060 and 0.14%, respectively. The DNA barcodes of COI gene of 21 species in Carangidae which were developed in this study could be used as a basis for comparison and traceability of their products. In addition, the results showed the high potentiality in using COI barcode to identify Carangidae fish in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Comparative cytogenetic analyses in Ancistrus species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Glugoski ◽  
Geize Deon ◽  
Stephane Schott ◽  
Marcelo R. Vicari ◽  
Viviane Nogaroto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Fusion Event ◽  
Rdna Cluster ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
Cytogenetic Analyses ◽  
Ribosomal Dnas

ABSTRACT Ancistrus is a specious genus of armored catfishes that has been extensively used for cytogenetic studies in the last 17 years. A comparison of the extensive karyotypic plasticity within this genus is presented with new cytogenetic analysis for Ancistrus cf. multispinis and Ancistrus aguaboensis. This study aims to improve our understanding of chromosomal evolution associated with changes in the diploid number (2n) and the dispersion of ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs) within Ancistrus. Ancistrus cf. multispinis and A. aguaboensis exhibit 2n of 52 and 50 chromosomes, respectively. Given that A. cf. multispinis shares a 2n = 52 also found in Pterygoplichthyini, the sister group for Ancistrini, a Robertsonian (Rb) fusion event is proposed for the 2n reduction in A. aguaboensis. 5S rDNAs pseudogenes sites have already been associated with Rb fusion in Ancistrus and our analysis suggests that the 2n reduction in A. aguaboensis was triggered by double strand breaks (DSBs) and chromosomal rearrangements at 5S rDNA sites. The presence of evolutionary breakpoint regions (EBRs) into rDNA cluster is proposed to explain part of the Rb fusion in Ancistrus. Cytogenetic data presented extends the diversity already documented in Ancistrus to further understand the role of chromosomal rearrangements in the diversification of Ancistrini.

Chromosomal Mapping of Repeat DNA in Bergiaria westermanni (Pimelodidae, Siluriformes): Localization of 45S rDNA in B Chromosomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geovana C. Malimpensa ◽  
Josiane B. Traldi ◽  
Danyelle Toyama ◽  
Flávio Henrique-Silva ◽  
Marcelo R. Vicari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Mapping ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
Repeat Dna

The occurrence of repetitive DNA in autosomes and B chromosomes of Bergiaria westermanni was examined using conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques. This species exhibited 2n = 56 chromosomes, with intra- and interindividual variation in the number of heterochromatic B chromosomes (from 0 to 4). The 5S rDNA was localized in pairs 1 and 5, and histone probes (H1, H3, and H4) and U2 small nuclear RNA were syntenic with 5S rDNA in pair 5. Histone sequences were also located in chromosome pair 14. The (GATA)n sequence was dispersed throughout the autosomes and B chromosomes, with clusters (microsatellite accumulation) in some chromosome regions. The telomeric probe revealed no signs of chromosomal rearrangements in the genome of B. westermanni. The 45S rDNA sites were detected in the terminal region of pair 27; these sites corresponded to a GC-rich heterochromatin block. In addition, 3 of the 4 B chromosomes also contained 45S rDNA copies. Silver nitrate staining in interphase nuclei provided indirect evidence of the expression of these rRNA genes in B chromosomes, indicating the probable origin of these elements. This report shows plasticity in the chromosomal localization of repeat DNA in B. westermanni and features a discussion of genomic diversification.

scholarly journals B chromosome and NORs polymorphism in Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus, 1758) (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from upper Paraná River, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocicléia Thums Konerat ◽  
Vanessa Bueno ◽  
Lucas Baumgartner ◽  
Isabel Cristina Martins-Santos ◽  
Vladimir Pavan Margarido
Keyword(s):  
Physical Mapping ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Paraná River ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Parana River ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
Upper Paraná River

B chromosomes are extra chromosomes from the normal chromosomal set, found in different organisms, highlighting their presence on the group of fishes. Callichthys callichthys from the upper Paraná River has a diploid number of 56 chromosomes (26 m-sm + 30 st-a) for both sexes, with the presence of a sporadically acrocentric B chromosome. Moreover, one individual presented a diploid number of 57 chromosomes, with the presence of a morphologically ill-defined acrocentric B chromosome in all analyzed cells. The physical mapping of 5S and 18S rDNA shows multiple 5S rDNA sites and only one pair of chromosomes with 18S sites in C. callichthys, except for two individuals. These two individuals presented a third chromosome bearing NORs (Ag-staining and 18S rDNA) where 5S and 18S rDNA genes are syntenic, differing only in position. The dispersion of the 18S rDNA genes from the main st-achromosome pair 25 to one of the chromosomes from the m-sm pair 4 would have originated two variant individuals, one of which with the ill-defined acrocentric B chromosome. Mechanisms to justify the suggested hypothesis about this B chromosome origin are discussed in the present study.

Cytogenetic Characterization of Two Metynnis Species (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) Reveals B Chromosomes Restricted to the Females

2019 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon M. Favarato ◽  
Leila Braga Ribeiro ◽  
Rafaela P. Ota ◽  
Celeste M. Nakayama ◽  
Eliana Feldberg
Keyword(s):  
5S Rdna ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Retrotransposable Elements ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Cytogenetic Characterization ◽  
Female Genome

Karyotypes and chromosomal characteristics with focus on B chromosomes of 2 species of the serrasalmid genus Metynnis, namely M. lippincottianus and M. maculatus, were examined using conventional (C-banding) and molecular (FISH mapping of minor and major rDNAs and Rex1, Rex3, and Rex6 retrotransposable elements) protocols. Both species possessed a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 62 and karyotypes composed of 32 metacentric + 28 submetacentric + 2 subtelocentric and 32 metacentric + 26 submetacentric + 4 subtelocentric, respectively; one small B element was found in the female genome of M. lippincottianus. C-banding revealed heterochromatin in the pericentromeric and terminal portions of all chromosomes of both species; the B chromosome was entirely heterochromatic. FISH showed 18S rDNA sites in 2 chromosome pairs in both species (pairs 19 and 22), and a large block in the B chromosome, while 5S rDNA signals were detected in the first pair of subtelocentric chromosomes in both species, moreover in M. maculatus an additional labeled pair 4 was observed. Mapping of the Rex1, Rex3, and Rex6 retrotransposable elements in the genomes of M. lippincottianus and M. maculatus indicated that they were dispersed throughout nearly all the chromosomes of the complement, except for the B chromosome of M. lippincottianus.

scholarly journals Phylogeography, codon usages, and DNA barcoding of lesser short nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotis Muller, 1838) populations in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Codon Usage ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Mtdna Coi ◽  
Fruit Bat ◽  
Cynopterus Brachyotis ◽  
Ecological Differences

AbstractFruit bat (Pteropodidae) is one of the mammals that is common in environments and widely distributed from subtropical to tropical Asia. Whereas the information on phylogeography of fruit bat Cynopterus brachyotis is still limited. From this situation, this paper aims to assess the phylogeography, codon usage, and DNA barcoding of C. brachyotis populations in Indonesia. Phylogeography was developed based on 657 bp of the mtDNA COI gene for all bat individuals and Bayesian inference to construct the phylogeny tree. The C. brachyotis populations in Indonesia are different to the populations from the Asia’s continent. The results show that C. brachyotis populations in Indonesia were divided into 3 distinct clades. A putative geographical barrier, recent, and rapid range expansion in the Sunda lineage associated with changes in sea levels, possibly coupled with related ecological differences, may have driven population divergence, allopatric, and sympatric speciation. Codon usage and high frequency were also contributing to the dispersal of C. brachyotis forming a distinct population.

Cytogenetic Insights into the Evolution of Chromosomes and Sex Determination Reveal Striking Homology of Turtle Sex Chromosomes to Amphibian Autosomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia E. Montiel ◽  
Daleen Badenhorst ◽  
Ling S. Lee ◽  
Robert Literman ◽  
Vladimir Trifonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Interstitial Telomeric Sites ◽  
Secondary Constrictions ◽  
Genomic Reorganization

Turtle karyotypes are highly conserved compared to other vertebrates; yet, variation in diploid number (2n = 26-68) reflects profound genomic reorganization, which correlates with evolutionary turnovers in sex determination. We evaluate the published literature and newly collected comparative cytogenetic data (G- and C-banding, 18S-NOR, and telomere-FISH mapping) from 13 species spanning 2n = 28-68 to revisit turtle genome evolution and sex determination. Interstitial telomeric sites were detected in multiple lineages that underwent diploid number and sex determination turnovers, suggesting chromosomal rearrangements. C-banding revealed potential interspecific variation in centromere composition and interstitial heterochromatin at secondary constrictions. 18S-NORs were detected in secondary constrictions in a single chromosomal pair per species, refuting previous reports of multiple NORs in turtles. 18S-NORs are linked to ZW chromosomes in Apalone and Pelodiscus and to X (not Y) in Staurotypus. Notably, comparative genomics across amniotes revealed that the sex chromosomes of several turtles, as well as mammals and some lizards, are homologous to components of Xenopus tropicalis XTR1 (carrying Dmrt1). Other turtle sex chromosomes are homologous to XTR4 (carrying Wt1). Interestingly, all known turtle sex chromosomes, except in Trionychidae, evolved via inversions around Dmrt1 or Wt1. Thus, XTR1 appears to represent an amniote proto-sex chromosome (perhaps linked ancestrally to XTR4) that gave rise to turtle and other amniote sex chromosomes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document