Comparison of Changes in Plasma Volume and Renal Function between Acetazolamide and Conventional Diuretics: Understanding the Mechanical Differences according to the “Chloride Theory”

Cardiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Kataoka
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: We compared the effects of the chloride-regaining diuretic acetazolamide with those of conventional diuretics on plasma volume, serum electrolytes, and renal function in acutely decompensated heart failure (HF) patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 13 patients treated with acetazolamide (Group A) and 13 patients with conventional diuretics (Group B) matched based on diuresis-induced weight reduction (≥1 kg) during resolution of worsening HF. Changes in plasma volume (Strauss formula), renal function, and serum electrolytes under treatment were determined by peripheral blood tests. Results: Clinical characteristics at baseline were not different between groups A and B. After diuretic therapy, body weight reduction (–2.23 ± 1.11 vs. –2.22 ± 1.06 kg, p = 0.97) and the number of residual HF-related signs (0.31 ± 0.48 vs. 0.23 ± 0.44, p = 0.67) was not different between groups. After each treatment, the serum chloride concen­tration increased in Group A, but decreased in Group B (+5.31 ± 4.91 vs. – 4.54 ± 4.68 mEq/L, p < 0.0001). Plasma volume (0.63 ± 13.1 vs. –12.1 ± 10.5%, p < 0.01) and renal function determined by changes in serum creatinine concentration (0.048 ± 0.12 vs. 0.21 ± 0.24 mg/dL, p < 0.047) were preserved in Group A compared with Group B. Conclusions: While both groups exhibited equivalent body weight reduction and resolution of HF-related signs after each diuretic treatment, acetazolamide treatment preserved plasma volume and renal function compared to conventional diuretics.

scholarly journals Melatonin Supplementation Lowers Oxidative Stress and Regulates Adipokines in Obese Patients on a Calorie-Restricted Diet

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Szewczyk-Golec ◽  
Paweł Rajewski ◽  
Marcin Gackowski ◽  
Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska ◽  
Roland Wesołowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Group A

Obesity is one of the major global health problems. Melatonin deficiency has been demonstrated to correlate with obesity. The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of melatonin on oxidative stress and adipokine levels in obese patients on a calorie-restricted diet. Thirty obese patients were supplemented with a daily dose of 10 mg of melatonin (n=15) or placebo (n=15) for 30 days with a calorie-restricted diet. Serum levels of melatonin, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), adiponectin, omentin-1, leptin, and resistin, as well as erythrocytic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and Zn/Cu-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, were measured at baseline and after supplementation. Significant body weight reduction was observed only in the melatonin group. After melatonin supplementation, the adiponectin and omentin-1 levels and GPx activities statistically increased, whereas the MDA concentrations were reduced. In the placebo group, a significant rise in the HNE and a drop in the melatonin concentrations were found. The results show evidence of increased oxidative stress accompanying calorie restriction. Melatonin supplementation facilitated body weight reduction, improved the antioxidant defense, and regulated adipokine secretion. The findings strongly suggest that melatonin should be considered in obesity management. This trial is registered with CTRI/2017/07/009093.

scholarly journals Effect of Intradialytic Change in Plasma Volume on Blood Pressure in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 066-069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali-Reza Khalaj ◽  
Suzan Sanavi ◽  
Reza Afshar ◽  
Muhammad-Reza Rajabi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Background: Hypervolemia is a common complication in patients on hemodialysis (HD). To determine the effect of volume change on blood pressure in HD population, this cohort was conducted. Materials and Methods: The study population was composed of 60 non-diabetic patients on maintenance HD, with mean age of 59.95±15.28 years. They were divided into hypertensive group A (n=26) and normotensive group B (n=34). Data were collected by a questionnaire. Pre and post-dialysis blood levels of urea, sodium, total protein, and hemoglobin were measured and intradialytic change of plasma volume were calculated. Data analyses were performed by the SPSS v.16. Results: Out of 60 patients, 58.3% were male and 41.7% female. Post-dialysis systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly lower than pre-dialysis values in both groups (P=0.001, each). No correlation was found between intradialytic change in plasma volume or body weight and alterations of SBP or DBP during HD in the study groups (P>0.05, each). Intradialytic changes of body weight did not correlate to intradialytic changes of plasma volume (P=0.15). Conclusion: HD effectively reduces blood pressure and volume expansion, however, intradialytic changes of plasma volume and body weight do not influence on SBP and DBP.

scholarly journals Randomized, double-blind trial of chitosan for body weight reduction

1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Pittler ◽  
NC Abbot ◽  
EF Harkness ◽  
E Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Double Blind Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blind Trial ◽  
Body Weight Reduction

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on the testis and blood testosterone level of adult Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 024-030
Author(s):  
Godwin Chinedu Uloneme ◽  
Demian Nnabuihe Ezejindu ◽  
Darlington Cyprian Akukwu ◽  
Amadi Chibundu Chiekezie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Group A ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Group B ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Group D

Background: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).ound: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).

scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF EXTRACT FROM MEDICINAL PLANT “ AMMI VISNAGA AND MYRISTICA FRAGRANS” ON THE VOLUME AND ACIDITY OF CARBACHOL INDUCED GASTRIC SECRETION IN FASTING RABBITS.

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-536
Author(s):  
SHAKIRULLAH JAN ◽  
SUBHANULLAH JAN ◽  
MUHAMMAD JAN ◽  
MASUD UR REHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Ammi Visnaga ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

BACKGROUND: Peptic ulcer is mostly produced due to the over production of gastric acid. This studywas undertaken to find out the effects of extract from the fruits of medicinal plant Ammi visnaga andseeds of Myristica fragrans (both of which contain documented natural Calcium channel blockers) onvolume and acidity of Carbachol induced gastric section. Their effects were also compared to find outany difference in their effect.DESIGN: Quasi experimental.PLACE & DURATION OF STUDY: Pharmacology Department Saidu Medical College Swat.METHODS: Thirty rabbits of local breed, weighing 1-1.5kg were used. The animals were kept onfasting for 48 hours, after which the pylorus of each animal was ligated. Carbachol 600iig/kg wasinjected to group A Extracts of Ammi visnaga and Myristica fragrans 500 mg/kg body weight each andafter 15 minutes Carbachol 600jlg/kg body weight was administered to group B & C intraperitoneally.RESULTS: It was found that both the extracts reduced the volume, free and total acidity of gastricsecretion, which were statistically highly significant when compared with Carbachol ( PcO.OOl). Whenthe differences of means for both the extracts were compared, all these were found statistically nonsignificant indicating that the extracts have similar effects on all parameters included in study.CONCLUSION: The extracts can be used effectively and safely in the treatment of hyper acidityconditions and peptic ulcer after evaluation of their effects in human.KEY WORDS: Ammi visnaga & Myristica fragrans, gastric secretion.

scholarly journals Body Weight Reduction Improves Both Reflux Symptoms and Esophageal Physiologic Examination

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 505-507
Author(s):  
Shou-Wu Lee ◽  
Han-Chung Lien ◽  
Chi-Sen Chang ◽  
Hong-Zen Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Reflux Symptoms
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