Amount of Dentifrice and Fluoride Concentration Influence Salivary Fluoride Concentrations and Fluoride Intake by Toddlers

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-241
Author(s):  
Caio Sampaio ◽  
Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem ◽  
Mayra Frasson Paiva ◽  
Igor Zen ◽  
Marcelle Danelon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fluoride Intake

The present study evaluated fluoride (F) concentrations in saliva of toddlers after brushing with dentifrices containing different F concentrations, applied in different quantities, and estimated F intake from toothbrushing. The study comprised a double-blind, crossover protocol, in which toddlers (n = 18, 2–3 years old) were randomly assigned into six groups, according to possible combinations of dentifrices (0/550/1,100 ppm F, as NaF) and amounts (rice grain, pea size, and transverse technique). Volunteers used a F-free dentifrice during 1 week. On the 7th day, saliva samples were collected before (baseline), and at 5/15/30/60 min after toothbrushing. All dentifrice expectorated after brushing was collected. F concentrations (saliva and expectorate) were determined with an ion-specific electrode. Data were submitted to ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Fisher’s LSD or Student-Newman-Keuls’ tests (p <0.05). Brushing with 550 ppm F dentifrice (pea size or transversal technique) increased the area under the curve (AUC) at similar levels compared to 1,100 ppm F (rice grain). The highest AUC and salivary F at 5 min after brushing were achieved by 1,100 ppm F (pea size), followed by 550 ppm F (transversal technique). Regarding F intake, the highest values were observed for 550 ppm F (transversal technique), followed by 1,100 ppm F (pea size). It is possible to conclude that the amount of dentifrice and F concentration in the product significantly affected both salivary F concentrations and F intake during toothbrushing.

scholarly journals Single Ingestion of Trehalose Enhances Prolonged Exercise Performance by Effective Use of Glucose and Lipid in Healthy Men

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Naomi Hamada ◽  
Tsuyoshi Wadazumi ◽  
Yoko Hirata ◽  
Mayumi Kuriyama ◽  
Kanji Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Healthy Men

Trehalose increases blood glucose levels slowly and induces a slight insulin response. The present study aimed to study the effect of trehalose on prolonged exercise performance. The participants were 12 healthy men (age: 21.3 ± 0.9 y). After an overnight fast (12 h), they first exercised with a constant load (intensity: 40% V˙O2peak) for 60 min using a bicycle ergometer. They continued to exercise with a constant load (40% V˙O2peak) for 30 min between four sets of the 30-s Wingate test. After the 1st set, each participant ingested 500 mL water (control), 8% glucose, or 8% trehalose in three trials. These three trials were at least one week apart and were conducted in a double-blind and randomized crossover manner. Blood was collected for seven biochemical parameters at 12 time points during the experiment. The area under the curve of adrenaline after ingestion of trehalose was significantly lower than that for water and tended to be lower than that for glucose in the later stage of the exercise. Lower secretion of adrenaline after a single dose of 8% trehalose during prolonged exercise reflected the preservation of carbohydrates in the body in the later stage of the exercise. In conclusion, a single ingestion of trehalose helped to maintain prolonged exercise performance.

Patient self-reporting of tolerability using PRO-CTCAE: A randomized double-blind placebo controlled phase II trial comparing gemcitabine in combination with adavosertib or placebo in women with platinum resistant epithelial ovarian cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5541-5541
Author(s):  
Ainhoa Madariaga ◽  
Sandra A. Mitchell ◽  
Tyler Pittman ◽  
Lisa Wang ◽  
Valerie Bowering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Recurrent Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Fatigue Severity

5541 Background: A 4 month improvement in OS was demonstrated when Wee1 inhibitor adavosertib (Ad) and gemcitabine (G; arm A) was compared to G and placebo (P; arm B) in a phase 2 trial in recurrent ovarian cancer (NCT02151292). The patient reported outcome version of the CTCAE (PRO-CTCAE) was used to capture self-report of the frequency, severity and/or interference (scored 0-4; higher scores indicating worse symptomatic adverse events [syAEs]). Methods: Ad/P was given orally on D1-2, D8-9, D15-16 with G D1, D8, D15 in a 28-day cycle. English speaking pts in 2 centres completed PRO-CTCAE items electronically in clinic at baseline, D1 and D15 of each cycle and off treatment. An exploratory objective was to characterize syAEs in the first 3 months of therapy. We calculated 12-week area under the curve (AUC12w) as a measure of syAE over time and incremental AUC12w (iAUC12w) for adjustment to baseline syAEs and compared arms A and B using an independent samples t-test. We assessed proportion of scores 3-4 at 6 time-points and compared them using Fisher’s Exact Test at each survey. Results: 51 pts were enrolled and completed ≥1 survey, 47 were evaluable for primary outcome (arm A: 28, B: 19). ECOG status was ≤1 in 44/47 pts. Median number of cycles of therapy were 5 (1-16) in arm A, and 2 (1-16) in B. Survey completion rates were high (arm A 93%, B 95%). Mean AUC12w fatigue severity (A 152 [standard error 9] vs B 112 [10]; p = 0.005) and interference (A 144 [11] vs 98 [15]; p = 0.018), diarrhea frequency (A 70 [12] vs B 33 [9]; p = 0.014), mucositis (A 23 [6] vs B 6 [3]; p = 0.012) and difficulty swallowing severity (A 10 [3] vs B 2 [2]; p = 0.023) were higher in arm A (any grade). There were no statistically significant between-arm differences in abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting and anxiety. The iAUC12w was significantly higher in arm A vs B for difficulty swallowing severity (A 10.1 [3] vs B -2.7 [4.7]; p = 0.02), mucositis severity (A 19.9 [6.6] vs B -3.1 [6.9]; p = 0.02) and fatigue severity (A 35.2 [8.2] vs B -3.1 [9.8]; p = 0.005). Proportions with high scores (3-4) were only significantly higher at C1D15 for fatigue severity in arm A (A 55% vs B 19%, p = 0.044). No significant differences were seen in other 3-4 scores per survey time. Conclusions: This is the first study evaluating pts self-reported toxicity with adavosertib in a randomized setting, allowing pts self-evaluation of toxicity in the context of improved PFS and OS. Greater fatigue, diarrhea, mucositis and difficulty swallowing were experienced by pts receiving adavosertib and gemcitabine, but score 3-4 reached significance on C1D15 fatigue only. No significant differences were detected in syAE profile for nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bloating and anxiety. This approach allows objective assessment of pts perception of toxicity with complex therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT02151292.

scholarly journals The Effect of an Encapsulated Nutrient Mixture on Food Intake and Satiety: A Double-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Proof of Concept Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Alleleyn ◽  
Mark van Avesaat ◽  
Dina Ripken ◽  
Sinéad Bleiel ◽  
Daniel Keszthelyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Active Product ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Control Product ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
And Control

Activation of the intestinal brake by infusing nutrients into the distal small intestine with catheters inhibits food intake and enhances satiety. Encapsulation of macronutrients, which protects against digestion in the proximal gastrointestinal tract, can be a non-invasive alternative to activate this brake. In this study, we investigate the effect of oral ingestion of an encapsulated casein and sucrose mixture (active) targeting the distal small intestine versus a control product designed to be released in the stomach on food intake, satiety, and plasma glucose concentrations. Fifty-nine volunteers received the active and control product on two separate test days. Food intake was determined during an ad libitum meal 90 min after ingestion of the test product. Visual analogue scale scores for satiety and blood samples for glucose analysis were collected at regular intervals. Ingestion of the active product decreased food intake compared to the control product (655 kcal compared with 699 kcal, respectively, p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for hunger was decreased (p < 0.05) and AUC for satiety was increased (p < 0.01) after ingestion of the active product compared to the control product. Ingestion of an encapsulated protein-carbohydrate mixture resulted in inhibition of food intake compared to a non-encapsulated control product.

Amino Acid Mixture Enriched With Arginine, Alanine, and Phenylalanine Stimulates Fat Metabolism During Exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Ueda ◽  
Yutaka Nakamura ◽  
Makoto Yamaguchi ◽  
Takeshi Mori ◽  
Masayuki Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Maximum Serum

Although there have been many investigations of the beneficial effects of both exercise and amino acids (AAs), little is known about their combined effects on the single-dose ingestion of AAs for lipid metabolism during exercise. We hypothesize that taking a specific combination of AAs implicated in glucagon secretion during exercise may increase fat metabolism. We recently developed a new mixture, d–AA mixture (D-mix), that contains arginine, alanine, and phenylalanine to investigate fat oxidation. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, 10 healthy male volunteers were randomized to ingest either D-mix (3 g/dose) or placebo. Subjects in each condition subsequently performed a physical task that included workload trials on a cycle ergometer at 50% of maximal oxygen consumption for 1 hr. After oral intake of D-mix, maximum serum concentrations of glycerol (9.32 ± 6.29 mg/L and 5.22 ± 2.22 mg/L, respectively; p = .028), free fatty acid level (0.77 ± 0.26 mEq/L and 0.63 ± 0.28 mEq/L, respectively; p = .022), and acetoacetic acid levels (37.9 ± 17.7 μmol/L and 30.3 ± 13.9 μmol/L, respectively; p = .040) were significantly higher than in the placebo groups. The area under the curve for glucagon during recovery was numerically higher than placebo (6.61 ± 1.33 μg/L • min and 6.06 ± 1.23 μg/L • min, respectively; p = .099). These results suggest that preexercise ingestion of D-mix may stimulate fat metabolism. Combined with exercise, the administration of AA mixtures could prove to be a useful nutritional strategy to maximize fat metabolism.

Serum Inorganic Fluoride: Changes Related to Previous Fluoride Intake, Renal Function and Bone Resorption

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Waterhouse ◽  
D. Taves ◽  
A. Munzer
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Inorganic Fluoride ◽  
Fluoride Intake ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Serum And Urine

1. Inorganic fluoride concentrations were determined in serum and urine specimens of 24 subjects receiving a standardized low fluoride intake. Serum fluoride was directly correlated with previous intake and appeared to reflect bone fluoride stores. 2. A positive correlation between creatinine and fluoride clearance was found. However, striking reductions in fluoride clearance, which resulted in increases in serum fluoride, were not usually seen until the creatinine clearance was below 25 ml/min. 3. Parathormone produced an increase in serum fluoride and thyrocalcitonin a decrease, probably by their action on bone. 4. Six patients with chronic increased bone resorption had elevated fluoride concentrations. In five, when treatment was successful, serum fluoride fell. Interpretation of the data from this group of patients is complicated by initially low filtration rates associated with hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria. 5. The sensitivity of the serum fluoride concentration to previous intake, glomerular filtration and the intensity of bone resorption suggests that the human organism exerts no direct homeostatic control over this ion.

scholarly journals Policaptil Gel Retard Intake Reduces Postprandial Triglycerides, Ghrelin and Appetite in Obese Children: A Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Elena Fornari ◽  
Anita Morandi ◽  
Claudia Piona ◽  
Mara Tommasi ◽  
Massimiliano Corradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Postprandial Triglycerides ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the intake of Policaptil Gel Retard® (PGR) is able to affect appetite, metabolic and hormonal postprandial profile in obese children. 46 obese children were randomly assigned to treatment with PGR or placebo, in a double blind clinical trial. Two PGR tablets or placebo were given in fasting condition, before the ingestion of a mixed meal (15 kcal/kg lean body mass). Blood samples were taken at baseline and for 4 h, for measuring blood lipids, glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Appetite was quantified using a visual analog scale. Children assuming PGR had a significantly lower increase of postprandial triglycerides (area under the curve (AUC): 3021 (2879) vs. 5038 (3738) mg × 240 min/Dl) and appetite (−234 (274) vs. 36 (329)) than children assuming placebo. The AUC of ghrelin was significantly lower after PGR ingestion, than after placebo (−8179 (8073) vs. −2800 (7579) pg × 240 min/mL). Blood glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and GLP-1 profiles were not significantly different in the two groups. In conclusion, a single intake of two tablets of PGR was associated with a significant reduction of appetite, ghrelin, and triglycerides in the postprandial period in obese children. Further investigation will assess if a chronic intake of PGR may affect body weight and glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Tiotropium and olodaterol fixed-dose combinationversusmono-components in COPD (GOLD 2–4)

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Buhl ◽  
François Maltais ◽  
Roger Abrahams ◽  
Leif Bjermer ◽  
Eric Derom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Multicentre Phase ◽  
St George's Respiratory Questionnaire

Efficacy and safety of tiotropium+olodaterol fixed-dose combination (FDC) compared with the mono-components was evaluated in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in two replicate, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, multicentre, phase III trials.Patients received tiotropium+olodaterol FDC 2.5/5 μg or 5/5 μg, tiotropium 2.5 μg or 5 μg, or olodaterol 5 μg delivered once-dailyviaRespimat inhaler over 52 weeks. Primary end points were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) area under the curve from 0 to 3 h (AUC0–3) response, trough FEV1 response and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score at 24 weeks.In total, 5162 patients (2624 in Study 1237.5 and 2538 in Study 1237.6) received treatment. Both FDCs significantly improved FEV1 AUC0–3 and trough FEV1 responseversusthe mono-components in both studies. Statistically significant improvements in SGRQ total scoreversusthe mono-components were only seen for tiotropium+olodaterol FDC 5/5 μg. Incidence of adverse events was comparable between the FDCs and the mono-components.These studies demonstrated significant improvements in lung function and health-related quality of life with once-daily tiotropium+olodaterol FDCversusmono-components over 1 year in patients with moderate to very severe COPD.

Effect of KATP channel blocker glibenclamide on levcromakalim-induced headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1045-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al-Mahdi Al-Karagholi ◽  
Hashmat Ghanizada ◽  
Lili Kokoti ◽  
Joachim S Paulsen ◽  
Jakob Møller Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Potassium Channel ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Headache Intensity ◽  
Primary Endpoints ◽  
The Difference

Introduction Administration of ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener levcromakalim triggers headache in healthy volunteers and migraine attacks in migraine patients. Here, we investigated the effect of ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker glibenclamide on levcromakalim-induced headache in healthy volunteers. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-way cross-over study, 15 healthy volunteers aged 18–40 years were randomly allocated to receive glibenclamide and levcromakalim (day 1), glibenclamide and placebo (day 2), and placebo and placebo (day 3) on three different days separated by at least 1 week. The primary endpoints were the difference in incidence of headache and the difference in area under the curve for headache intensity scores (0–12 hours) between the days. Results Fifteen healthy volunteers completed the 3 days of the study. More participants (12/15, 80%) developed headache on the glibenclamide-levcromakalim day compared to the glibenclamide-placebo day (5/15, 33%) ( p = 0.01; mean difference 47%; 95% confidence interval 18–75%) and compared to the placebo-placebo day (1/15, 7%) ( p = 0.001; mean difference 73%; 95% confidence interval 48–99%). We found no difference in headache incidence between glibenclamide-placebo day and placebo-placebo day ( p = 0.12; mean difference 27%; 95% confidence interval 1.3–52%). The area under the curve for headache intensity was significantly larger on the glibenclamide-levcromakalim day compared to the glibenclamide-placebo day ( p = 0.003); and compared to the placebo-placebo day ( p = 0.001). We found no difference in the area under the curve between the glibenclamide-placebo day compared to the placebo-placebo day ( p = 0.07). The median time to onset for headache after levcromakalim infusion with glibenclamide pretreatment was delayed (180 min) compared to levcromakalim without pretreatment (30 min) from a previously published study. Conclusion Glibenclamide administration did not cause headache, and glibenclamide pretreatment did not prevent levcromakalim-induced headache. However, glibenclamide delayed the onset of levcromakalim-induced headache. More selective blockers are needed to further elucidate the role of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel in headache initiation. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03886922.

scholarly journals Predictive validity of the Brazilian version of the Expected Treatment Outcome Scale in cocaine-dependent outpatients at a drug treatment referral center

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-227
Author(s):  
Marcelle Maria Lobo Dinis ◽  
Sonia Regina Lambert Passos ◽  
Luiz Antonio Bastos Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Brazilian Version ◽  
Scale Scores

BACKGROUND: High dropout rates among patients under treatment for cocaine dependence have stimulated research into predictors of treatment outcome. OBJECTIVE: To assess the predictive value of the Brazilian version of the Expected Treatment Outcome Scale. METHODS: The original English version of the scale was translated and back-translated. A total of 210 subjects participating in a 10-week randomized double-blind clinical trial (nefazodone versus placebo) completed the questionnaire at their first appointment. Mean Expected Treatment Outcome Scale scores were compared with treatment outcomes. RESULTS: There were ten subjects (5%) who failed to complete at least six items, and 37 (17.5%) failed to complete 1 to 3 items. The most frequently unanswered questions involved time estimates (treatment time and abstinence) and third-party judgments. The mean score was 34.4 (9.3) (median, 33.9). There were no differences in mean scores between subjects evaluated in the first to the fifth appointment 35.2 (9.3) or in the sixth to the eleventh appointment 35.2 (9.3) (p = 0.13); completing the treatment 33.8 (10.3) or not 34.6 (9.1) (p = 0.64); remaining abstinent for three weeks 34 (9.3) or not 34.8 (9.4) (p = 0.58), and medication compliance 33.9 (8.8) or noncompliance 35.3 (10.3) (p = 0.34). The ROC curve of Expected Treatment Outcome Scale scores, when dropout was defined as not appearing for all 11 appointments, was linear, with an area under the curve of .54 (range, .44-.64), suggesting that the scale is ineffective in discriminating between cases and noncases. CONCLUSION: In this study, the Brazilian version of the Expected Treatment Outcome Scale was found to have no predictive value for treatment adherence and abstinence in cocaine-dependent subjects subjected to a standardized treatment protocol.

Chemically Soluble Fluoride in Na2FPO3/CaCO3-Based Toothpaste as an Indicator of Fluoride Bioavailability in Saliva during and after Toothbrushing

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Camila Siqueira Silva Coelho ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury ◽  
Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury
Keyword(s):  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group I ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode

The relationship between the concentration of chemically soluble fluoride found in toothpaste and that present in saliva, during and after brushing, was evaluated as an indicator of potentially bioavailable fluoride in toothpaste. Ten adult participants brushed their teeth with the assigned toothpastes: group I: fresh sample of a fluoride toothpaste: Na2FPO3/CaCO3, 1,378 µg F/g of total soluble fluoride (TSF); groups II–IV: aged samples of toothpaste presenting TSF concentrations of 1,160, 900, and 597 µg F/g, respectively; group V: non-F placebo toothpaste. The volunteers brushed their teeth for 1 min with 0.7 g of the toothpaste, all toothbrushing residues (TR) produced were collected, the mouth was rinsed with water, and saliva samples were collected up to 120 min. Total fluoride (TF) and TSF concentrations were determined in TR and in saliva samples using a fluoride ion-selective electrode. TSF concentration (µg F/mL) in TR was determined as an indicator of fluoride bioavailability during toothbrushing and the areas under curves of saliva fluoride concentration versus time (area under the curve, AUC = µg F/mL × min) were calculated as an indicator of fluoride bioavailability after toothbrushing. A significant correlation was found between the TSF concentrations in the toothpastes and the variables TR (r = 0.850; p = 0.0001) and AUC (r = 0.445; p = 0.004). For TF no significant correlation was found for TR (r = –0.099; p = 0.542) and AUC (r = –0.018; p = 0.912). The findings suggest that TSF concentration chemically found in Na2FPO3/CaCO3-based toothpaste could estimate how much fluoride would be bioavailable in saliva when the teeth are brushed.

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