scholarly journals A Novel Method for Assessing Enamel Thickness Distribution in the Anterior Dentition as a Signal for Gouging and Other Extractive Foraging Behaviors in Gummivorous Mammals

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-384
Author(s):  
Keegan R. Selig ◽  
Sergi López-Torres ◽  
Adam Hartstone-Rose ◽  
Leanne T. Nash ◽  
Anne M. Burrows ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Extractive Foraging ◽  
Enamel Thickness ◽  
Novel Method

scholarly journals Visualization of potential sink marks using thickness analysis of finely tessellated solid model

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418
Author(s):  
Masatomo Inui ◽  
Shunsuke Onishi ◽  
Nobuyuki Umezu
Keyword(s):  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Solid Model ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Plastic Surface ◽  
Part Surface ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Sink Marks ◽  
Automated Technique ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Sink Mark

Abstract Sink marks are unwanted shallow depressions on the molded plastic surface caused by localized shrinkage during the hardening process of injection molding. Sink marks appearing in the exterior impair the aesthetic quality of the product. In this study, a novel method for extracting potential sink marks that can occur on the part surface is proposed. The thicker portion of the part shrinks with a greater amount than that of the thinner portion. This difference in the shrinkage amount is the main cause of the sink mark. In the plastic part design practice, engineers often check the thickness distribution to predict potential sink marks in the part surface. Our method can be considered as an automated technique of such manual inspection task. A polyhedral solid model of the part with sufficiently small triangles of nearly the same size is prepared. The amount of shrinkage at each polygon is estimated based on its thickness and the shrinkage ratio of the part. The developed algorithm extracts the potential sink marks by analyzing the shrinkage distribution on the part surface. Highlights A novel method for extracting potential sink marks on part surface is proposed. Polygons of input model are tessellated into a set of sufficiently small triangles. The shrinkage of each model polygon is estimated by using the thickness. Potential sink marks are extracted by analyzing the shrinkage distribution.

scholarly journals Crown tissue proportions and enamel thickness distribution in the Middle Pleistocene hominin molars from Sima de los Huesos (SH) population (Atapuerca, Spain)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0233281
Author(s):  
Laura Martín-Francés ◽  
María Martinón-Torres ◽  
Marina Martínez de Pinillos ◽  
Cecilia García-Campos ◽  
Clément Zanolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Enamel Thickness ◽  
Sima De Los Huesos ◽  
Crown Tissue

scholarly journals Endostructural assessment of a hominin maxillary molar (StW 669) from Milner Hall, Sterkfontein, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (9/10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bontle Mataboge ◽  
Amélie Beaudet ◽  
Jason L. Heaton ◽  
Travis R. Pickering ◽  
Dominic Stratford
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Homo Erectus ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Enamel Thickness ◽  
Homo Neanderthalensis ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Maxillary Molar

The site of the Sterkfontein Caves, South Africa, is one of the richest early hominin fossil-bearing sites in Africa. Recent excavations in the Milner Hall locality have contributed to the discovery of new hominin specimens, including StW 669, a right permanent maxillary first molar (M1). StW 669 was excavated from the T1 deposits, which consist of a mixture of sediments from Members 2 and 5 of the Sterkfontein Formation. Accordingly, the deposits have the potential to contain remains of Australopithecus, Paranthropus and Homo. In this study, we employed micro-focus X-ray tomography in order to assess dental tissue proportions, enamel thickness distribution and enamel-dentine junction morphology as approaches to investigate the taxonomy of StW 669. We compare our results to those generated on the teeth of Australopithecus africanus, Paranthropus robustus, Homo erectus, Homo antecessor, Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens. Our results suggest that StW 669 shares quantitative and qualitative affinities with M1s of Homo in terms of tissue proportions (i.e. two- and three-dimensional average and relative enamel thickness of 1.2–1.3 mm and 18.4, respectively) and enamel thickness distribution (i.e. thickest enamel on the lingual aspect of the protocone). However, data on the enamel-dentine junction morphology of StW 669 are inconclusive as to the tooth’s taxonomic affinities. Pending additional morphometric analyses, our studies of inner morphology of the crown of StW 669 support its attribution to Homo.

Photographic Equidensitometry of High Voltage Electron Images of Thick Noncrystalline Materials

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 594-595
Author(s):  
Keinosuke Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Contour Map ◽  
Mass Thickness ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Homogeneous Particle ◽  
Photographic Emulsions ◽  
Logarithmic Relation

Equidensitometry as developed by E. Lau and W. Krug has been little used in the analysis of ordinary electron photomicrographs, yet its application to the high voltage electron images proves merits of this procedure. Proper sets (families) of equidensities as shown in the next page are able to reveal the contour map of mass thickness distribution in thick noncrystalline specimens. The change in density of the electron micrograph is directly related to the mass thickness of corresponding area in the specimen, because of the linear response of photographic emulsions to electrons and the logarithmic relation between electron opacity and mass thickness of amorphous object.This linearity is verified by equidensitometry of a spherical solid object as shown in Fig. 1a. The object is a large (1 μ) homogeneous particle of polystyrene. Fig. 1b is a composite print of three equidensities of the 1st order prepared from Fig. 1a.

The removal and morphology of intact biofilms from implanted venous access devices

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 1020-1021
Author(s):  
M.A. Gregory ◽  
G.P. Hadley
Keyword(s):  
Patient Selection ◽  
Surgical Oncology ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Indwelling Catheters ◽  
Careful Patient ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vascular Catheters ◽  
Venous Access Devices

The insertion of implanted venous access systems for children undergoing prolonged courses of chemotherapy has become a common procedure in pediatric surgical oncology. While not permanently implanted, the devices are expected to remain functional until cure of the primary disease is assured. Despite careful patient selection and standardised insertion and access techniques, some devices fail. The most commonly encountered problems are colonisation of the device with bacteria and catheter occlusion. Both of these difficulties relate to the development of a biofilm within the port and catheter. The morphology and evolution of biofilms in indwelling vascular catheters is the subject of ongoing investigation. To date, however, such investigations have been confined to the examination of fragments of biofilm scraped or sonicated from sections of catheter. This report describes a novel method for the extraction of intact biofilms from indwelling catheters.15 children with Wilm’s tumour and who had received venous implants were studied. Catheters were removed because of infection (n=6) or electively at the end of chemotherapy.

Longitudinal Changes in Individual BrainAGE in Healthy Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease

GeroPsych ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Franke ◽  
Christian Gaser
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Brain

We recently proposed a novel method that aggregates the multidimensional aging pattern across the brain to a single value. This method proved to provide stable and reliable estimates of brain aging – even across different scanners. While investigating longitudinal changes in BrainAGE in about 400 elderly subjects, we discovered that patients with Alzheimer’s disease and subjects who had converted to AD within 3 years showed accelerated brain atrophy by +6 years at baseline. An additional increase in BrainAGE accumulated to a score of about +9 years during follow-up. Accelerated brain aging was related to prospective cognitive decline and disease severity. In conclusion, the BrainAGE framework indicates discrepancies in brain aging and could thus serve as an indicator for cognitive functioning in the future.

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