Caries Trends in the Primary Dentition of 6- to 7-Year-old Schoolchildren in Germany from 1994 to 2016: Results from the German National Oral Health Surveys in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Santamaria ◽  
Julian Schmoeckel ◽  
Roger Basner ◽  
Elisabeth Schüler ◽  
Christian H. Splieth
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
German Region ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Initial Lesions

Long-term nationally representative caries data in the primary dentition are rare, but nonetheless central to assess needs in caries prevention and treatment. This study evaluated the prevalence and trends of caries levels in the primary dentition of 6- to 7-year-olds in Germany as a whole and its federal states individually. In 2016, employing a randomized cluster selection, 6- to 7-year-old first graders were included in the National German Oral Health Survey performed regularly since 1994/95. Children were examined by 482 calibrated dentists in all 17 German regions using the WHO criteria for the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) including the assessment of initial carious lesions (it). In total, 151,555 6- to 7-year-olds were examined. Caries prevalence in the primary dentition dropped from 65% in 1994 to 44% in 2016, while the mean caries experience dropped from 2.89 to 1.73 dmft (dt = 0.74, mt = 0.19, ft = 0.80). When initial lesions were included, the mean caries experience increased to idmft = 2.12 (it = 0.38). In 2016, 49.7% of the examined 6- to 7-year-olds were caries-free including initial lesions. The Care Index at the tooth level was 57.5%, and the Significant Caries Index was 4.84 dmft. Depending on the German region, the mean dmft varied considerably, ranging from 1.37 to 2.31. In conclusion, despite the overall caries decline in 6- to 7-year-olds in Germany, only minor caries reductions were observed over the last decade, with a still existing high proportion of untreated dental decay. This calls for more effective preventive and restorative efforts with focus on the primary dentition in Germany.

scholarly journals Dental Caries Experience in 6-13 Years Old School Children of Dharan Sub-Metropolitan City, Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Bhawana Sigdel Bastola ◽  
Bandana Koirala ◽  
Mamta Dali ◽  
Sneha Shrestha ◽  
Dharanidhar Baral
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: Dental caries though preventable oral health problem is affecting school children worldwide and around 50% of Nepalese children are suffering from it. Baseline data with good understanding of dental caries and associated risk factors are necessary to form preventive strategies for setting and achieving oral health goals. Objective: This study was conducted to determine dental caries experience and associated risk factors among school-going children of 6-13 years old in Dharan sub-metropolitan city, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 5th Jan 2018 to 4th Jan 2019 among 680 school children selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Pretested, standardized, closed-ended questionnaire answered by the parents was used to gather information regarding the associated risk factors. Dental caries experience was obtained from deft/DMFT (WHO modification 1997). Comparison of categorical data was done using Chi-square test. Multivariable binary logistic regressions were used for the statistical analysis. Results: The overall caries prevalence was 61.6%, in primary dentition it was 48.25% and in permanent dentition it was 34.4%. Dental caries experience was with mean deft 4.67 (±2.7) in primary dentition and mean DMFT 1.72 (±1.05).in permanent dentition. Multivariate analysis showed significant association between dental caries experience and grade three and grade four school children had experienced greater caries (p<0.05, OR =2.7). Dental caries was associated with eating sweets at night (p<0.001, OR=2.5) and snacking in-between meals (p<0.001, OR=2.5). Conclusions: Dental caries among school-children in Dharan showed a significant burden especially within the primary dentition. It was significantly associated with factors like feeding habits -eating sweets in a day, eating sweets at night and snaking in between meals

Children Oral Health Following Treatment under General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Behavior Management ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
P Value ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Dental treatment for children can be provided and completed in dental chair using one or more behavior management methods applied in dentistry. When these methods did not work, special behavior management technique such as treatment under general anesthesia (GA) may be provided for optimal dental treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate long term oral health status such as oral hygiene (OH), recall rate, behavior changes and development of new or recurrent carious lesions in children who received dental treatment under GA. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from dental records of 433 children who received dental treatment under GA between 2006 and 2010. Collected data looked at 1) Age, 2) Gender, 3) OH before treatment and at the recall visits, 4) Behavior changes, 5) New or recurrent caries experience, and 6) Treatment of these lesions. Results: Age of patients ranged between 2 and 13 yrs. Boys to girls were 223 (51%) to 210 (48%) respectively. OH post operatively was significantly improved in comparison to that before treatment (p-Value < 0.0001). However, OH was almost the same among patients who attended recall visits (p-Value = 0.79). Number of patients who attended recall visits reduced significantly by time (p-Value < 0.0001). There was significant improvement in patient cooperation post operatively in comparison to that pre-operatively (p-Value < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of new or recurrent carious lesions through recall visits (p-Value = 0.73). Conclusion: Dental treatment under GA did not seem to be effective in the improvement of OH or in reducing caries experience. However, children behavior showed some improvement in the follow up visits due to no active treatment required or simple dental procedures may be implemented.

scholarly journals Dental Caries in European Adults and Senior Citizens 1996–2016: ORCA Saturday Afternoon Symposium in Greifswald, Germany – Part II

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Christina Carvalho ◽  
Ulrich Schiffner
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Year 2000

This review assesses the development of oral health habits and status in European adults (35–44 years old) and senior citizens (65–74 years old) over the period of 1996–2016. There seem to be good opportunities for improving oral health habits by brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste among adults, as only 33–85% reported doing so. Caries experience was extensive among adults (≥92%). In adults of 23 countries, the mean DMFT score ranged from 6.6 to 17.6 (median 12.1). In senior citizens of 21 countries, the mean DMFT score varied from 14.7 to 25.5 (median 22.0). Repeated cross-sectional studies on caries trends in adults revealed a reduction of the DMFT value by 20%, referring to country-wide data. Among senior citizens, the corresponding reduction was 13%, with a shift in the DMFT components, i.e., with lower MT and higher FT scores. Edentulousness in the age group of 35- to 44-year-olds started disappearing in Europe from the year 2000, and had been markedly reduced in some countries during the last decade. However, the eradication of edentulousness among 65- to 74-year-olds has not yet been reported. Further epidemiological surveys should apply caries diagnostic criteria that, besides representing our contemporary understanding of oral health care, allow comparisons with previous surveys using the WHO criteria. In conclusion, in the last two decades, a decline in caries was observed among European adults, and to a lesser extent among senior citizens. It is expected that the decline in caries will contribute to better oral health of individuals.

scholarly journals Caries Experience of Adults with Intellectual Disability in the Western Part of Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2602
Author(s):  
Peter Schmidt ◽  
Michael Egermann ◽  
Claudia Sauerland ◽  
Andreas G. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Fissure Sealant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Background: In Germany, there is limited evidence on the oral health of adults with intellectual disabilities (AwID). Methods: In 2017/18, dental examinations of AwID and a questionnaire survey of their legal guardians were carried out. The mean D3MFT values were calculated to describe the caries experience. The prevalence of AwID with at least one fissure sealant (FS) was determined and associations between caries experience and various sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, gender, living arrangements) were investigated. Results: The data of 132 AwID (mean age 35.2 years; range 18–69 years) could be included. For all AwIDs the mean D3MFT value was 9.5 (95% CI 8.1–11.0). The mean D3MFT value for the 35–44-year-olds was 10.9 (95% CI 8.4–13.4). All caries-free persons (n = 14) were younger than 45 years. Furthermore, the mean D3MFT value for AwID living with their parents was lower at a statistically significant level than that of AwID in independent living arrangements. Moreover, younger AwIDs (18–34-year-olds) with at least one FS had a statistically significantly lower mean D3MFT value compared to those without any FS (D3MFT: 3.0 vs. 6.7). Conclusions: The dental health of AwID has improved in Germany in recent years, but, on average, AwIDs still have more missing teeth than their peers in the general population. Oral epidemiological studies on AwID should include information on their living arrangements to assess potential associations between sociodemographic factors and oral health.

scholarly journals Oral Health among Adult Residents in Vilnius, Lithuania

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Milda Vitosyte ◽  
Alina Puriene ◽  
Indre Stankeviciene ◽  
Arunas Rimkevicius ◽  
Rita Trumpaite-Vanagiene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Behavioral Determinants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oral Conditions

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) oral conditions may be determined by social, biological, behavioral, and psychosocial factors. The study assessed oral health status and its determinants associated with oral health conditions among adult residents in Vilnius, Lithuania. A total of 453 of 35–74-year-olds participated (response rate 63%). A self-reported questionnaire was administered. Dental caries experience (D3MFS score), periodontal probing depth (PPD), andnumber of missing teeth were assessed clinically. Data were analyzed using χ2 test, independent samples t-test, and multivariable linear regression. The mean (sd) of D3MFS scores was 67.3 (33.5), the mean (sd) number of teeth with PPD 4+ mm was 5.9 (5.3), prevalence of periodontitis was 33%, the mean (sd) number of missing teeth was 6.9 (6.8), and prevalence of total edentulism was 3.8%. Medication use was associated with all oral health conditions, while age was associated with caries experience, and missing teeth. Sugar-containing diet was associated with caries experience, and missing teeth, and smoking with caries experience and periodontal status. Systemic diseases were associated with periodontal status, while behavioral determinants, last dental visit, and use of fluoridated toothpaste were associated with missing teeth. Oral health status among adult Vilnius residents was poor. Oral conditions were associated with both biological and behavioral determinants. Oral health promotion should focus on modifying behavioral determinants.

Caries Experience in Children with and without Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation: A Case-Control Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana de Aguiar Grossi ◽  
Renata Nunes Cabral ◽  
Soraya Coelho Leal
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation ◽  
Subject Analysis ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Incisor Hypomineralisation ◽  
Control Study

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the caries experience of children with and without molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). Methods: A case-control study was designed in which 130 children aged between 7 and 13 years with MIH (cases) were matched with 130 children without the condition (controls) according to age, sex, and school. Dental caries and MIH were assessed using the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) and European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria, respectively, by three examiners. CAST was converted into DMFT/dmft; the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to analyse whether dmft/DMFT was influenced by the severity of MIH. Associations between MIH and dental caries were analysed at child and tooth levels: between and within subjects, respectively. To correlate MIH severity and the occurrence of dental caries, the Cochran-Armitage test was used. Results: The mean age of the children was 9.63 ± 1.29 years. The mean dmft for cases was 1.23 ± 1.99 and for controls 1.71 ± 2.22 (p > 0.05). For the DMFT, the mean scores for cases and controls were 0.45 ± 0.90 and 0.07 ± 0.25, respectively (p < 0.001). The between-subject analysis showed no difference in relation to enamel carious lesions; however, the prevalence of dentine carious lesions was significantly higher in children with MIH than in those without the condition. The same pattern was seen for the within-subject analysis. It was observed that the increase in MIH severity resulted in more teeth being affected by dentine carious lesions (p = 0.0003). Conclusion: Children with MIH presented a higher experience of caries in the permanent dentition than those without the condition. MIH was considered a risk factor for caries development.

scholarly journals Oral health status of 12-year-old children in Lisu minority ethnic group in China: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitty Jieyi Chen ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Biao Xu ◽  
Yuexiao Li ◽  
Yanhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Lisu is an ethnic minority group and most of them are living in Yunnan, China. This study investigated the oral health status among 12-year-old Lisu children in Yunnan.Method: This survey employed a multistage sampling method to recruit 12-year-old Lisu children. Two calibrated dentists performed the oral examinations in the primary schools. They examined dental caries, gingival bleeding and dental fluorosis using the diagnosis criteria recommended by the World Health Organization. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to the children to collect their sociodemographic background information and oral health-related behaviours. A chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney U test, zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results: This survey invited 512 children, and 482 children (48% boys) participated in the study (response rate: 94%). Their caries prevalence was 35% and their caries experience in mean (SD) DMFT scores was 0.63 (0.10). The mean (SD) DT score was 0.60 (1.10), consisting 95% of the mean DMFT scores. No dental fluorosis was observed; whereas 426 children (88%) had gingival bleeding. Results of ZINB model indicated sex and sugary-snacking habits were related to the dental caries experience (p<0.05). The gingival-bleeding prevalence was associated with the mother’s education level, the child’s monthly-pocket money and daily toothbrushing frequency (p<0.05).Conclusion: Dental caries and gingival bleeding were prevalent among 12-year-old Lisu children in the Yunnan province in China, and most of the decayed teeth were unrestored. Dental fluorosis was not observed in the children.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of dental caries experience among adolescents in Kazakhstan: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anara Zhumadilova ◽  
Turgan Supiyev ◽  
Sholpan Abralina ◽  
Ardak Yeslyamgaliyeva ◽  
Aizhan Kulmirzayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Dental Attendance ◽  
Attendance Pattern ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The information on dental caries experience and its determinants in Central Asia is limited. The aim of the present study was to provide estimates of the mean levels, prevalence and severity of dental caries, and to identify the factors associated with these characteristics in the population of school-aged children from four regions in Kazakhstan.Methods We examined 2149 schoolchildren aged 11–15 years from 4 regions of Kazakhstan. The overall response rate was 68%. Dental caries experience was assessed clinically, and standardized questionnaire was used to gather sociodemographic and oral health behavior information. Caries experience was measured by using DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) index. Negative binomial hurdle regression model was used to assess the relationship between the caries experience and covariates.Results The overall prevalence of dental caries was 74%, obvious decayed teeth was found in 44% of subjects, while only 6% had missing teeth and 24% had their teeth treated. The mean DMFT index was 2.48 among 12-year-olds and 3.9 among 15-year-olds. There were large differences of dental caries experience between the regions, with all indicators (decayed, missed and filled teeth) being less favourable in Semey region. The caries prevalence experience in the studied population was associated with higher age, geographic region, ethnicity, mother’s education, material deprivation, frequent consumption of sugar-added drinks, age of start brushing the teeth and dental attendance pattern. Age, region, ethnicity, dietary habits and dental attendance pattern were found to be significantly associated with the predicted degree of caries experience among those with caries experience.Conclusions The high prevalence of dental caries and large differences in caries indices between the regions in Kazakhstan might be related to rapid westernization in the Central Asian region and associated nutrition transition. Also, the increasing burden of untreated caries in less advantaged populations was observed. Parent education and material deprivation may be a very important determinants of the oral health among adolescents in Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals Oral health status of female hospitalized psychiatric patients in Jazan: A Case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sultan Alakhali ◽  
Wael Ibraheem M Ibraheem ◽  
Sadeq Ali Al-Maweri ◽  
Salha Ibrahim Al neami ◽  
Fatimah Mohammed Alhuraysi
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Poor oral health is an important determinant of general health in patients with mental illnesses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the dental and periodontal status of hospitalized female psychiatric patients in Jazan city, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods:  This study included 82 subjects:  37 psychiatric female patients, and 45 age- and gender- matched healthy controls. Dental caries experience (decayed, missing, and  filled teeth  index ( DMFT ) and periodontal health status were recorded. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis, and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:   The mean ages were comparable among the two groups.  Psychiatric patients showed poor oral hygiene practices, with only 56.6% reported regularly brushing their teeth as compared with 82.2% of controls (P < 0.05).  Control subjects had significantly higher DMFT mean scores than psychiatric female patients. However, psychiatric patients had significantly higher mean scores of missing teeth (M component) and lower restored teeth (F component) as compared with controls. Moreover, the mean attachment loss scores were significantly higher in the psychiatric group (0.76±1.58) compared with controls (0.23; 0.44 p < 0.01). Conclusions: Psychiatric patients showed poor oral hygiene practices and a high prevalence of untreated dental caries and periodontal diseases. Effective oral health promotion strategies need to be implemented to improve the oral health and oral health practices of this group of people. Keywords Psychiatric patients; Dental; Periodontal disease; Oral hygiene.

scholarly journals Oral health status of 12-year-old children in Lisu minority ethnic group in China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitty Jieyi Chen ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Biao Xu ◽  
Yuexiao Li ◽  
Yanhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Lisu is an ethnic minority group and most of them are living in Yunnan, China. This study investigated the oral health status among 12-year-old Lisu children in Yunnan. Method This survey employed a multistage sampling method to recruit 12-year-old Lisu children. Two calibrated dentists performed the oral examinations in the primary schools. They examined dental caries, gingival bleeding and dental fluorosis using the diagnosis criteria recommended by the World Health Organization. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to the children to collect their sociodemographic background information and oral health-related behaviours. A chi-square test, the Mann–Whitney U test, zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results This survey invited 512 children, and 482 children (48% boys) participated in the study (response rate: 94%). Their caries prevalence was 35% and their caries experience in mean (SD) DMFT scores was 0.63 (0.10). The mean (SD) DT score was 0.60 (1.10), consisting 95% of the mean DMFT scores. No dental fluorosis was observed; whereas 426 children (88%) had gingival bleeding. Results of ZINB model indicated sex and sugary-snacking habits were related to the dental caries experience (p < 0.05). The gingival-bleeding prevalence was associated with the mother’s education level, the child’s monthly-pocket money and daily toothbrushing frequency (p < 0.05). Conclusion Dental caries and gingival bleeding were prevalent among 12-year-old Lisu children in the Yunnan province in China, and most of the decayed teeth were unrestored. Dental fluorosis was not observed in the children.

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