scholarly journals Emphysematous Gastritis Associated with Sarcina ventriculi

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Sarcina Ventriculi ◽  
Emphysematous Gastritis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Emergency

Emphysematous gastritis is a rare and lethal gastrointestinal emergency if not promptly identified and managed. In rare cases, emphysematous gastritis is associated with Sarcina ventriculi infection, usually in patients with delayed gastric emptying. Here we report a lethal case of S. ventriculi-associated emphysematous gastritis in the absence of delayed gastric emptying in which the diagnosis was confirmed postmortem. This case provides an opportunity to review the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management of emphysematous gastritis so that the condition can be promptly diagnosed and managed to prevent significant morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Botulinum toxin as a treatment for delayed gastric emptying following oesophagogastrectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 693-696
Author(s):  
EJ Nevins ◽  
R Rao ◽  
J Nicholson ◽  
KD Murphy ◽  
A Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastric Conduit ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Biliary Reflux ◽  
Pyloric Drainage ◽  
Successful Resolution ◽  
Procedural Complications

Introduction The incidence of delayed gastric emptying (DGE) following oesophagogastrectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction is reported to be between 1.7% and 50%. This variation is due to differing practices of intraoperative pylorus drainage procedures, which increase the risk of postoperative biliary reflux and dumping syndrome, resulting in significant morbidity. The aim of our study was to establish rates of DGE in people undergoing oesophagogastrectomy without routine intraoperative drainage procedures, and to evaluate outcomes of postoperative endoscopically administered Botulinum toxin into the pylorus (EBP) for people with DGE resistant to systemic pharmacological treatment. Methods All patients undergoing oesophagogastrectomy between 1 January 2016 and 31 March 2018 at our unit were included. No intraoperative pyloric drainage procedures were performed, and DGE resistant to systemic pharmacotherapy was managed with EBP. Results Ninety-seven patients were included. Postoperatively, 29 patients (30%) were diagnosed with DGE resistant to pharmacotherapy. Of these, 16 (16.5%) were diagnosed within 30 days of surgery. The median pre-procedure nasogastric tube aspirate was 780ml; following EBP, this fell to 125ml (p<0.001). Median delay from surgery to EBP in this cohort was 13 days (IQR 7–16 days). Six patients required a second course of EBP, with 100% successful resolution of DGE before discharge. There were no procedural complications. Conclusions This is the largest series of patients without routine intraoperative drainage procedures. Only 30% of patients developed DGE resistant to pharmacotherapy, which was managed safely with EBP in the postoperative period, thus minimising the risk of biliary reflux in people who would otherwise be at risk following prophylactic pylorus drainage procedures.

Diarrhoea in foals

UK-Vet Equine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Catriona Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
Fluid Therapy ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Clinical Progression ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Rapid Deterioration ◽  
And Control

Diarrhoea is one of the most common clinical complaints in foals and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Clinical presentation can vary from mild, transient diarrhoea through to severe enterocolitis with significant systemic complications. There are numerous infectious and non-infectious aetiologies, the prevalence of which varies between age groups. Supportive care for foals with diarrhoea includes fluid therapy, antimicrobials, ulcer protection and analgesia. It is important that treatment is initiated promptly and re-evaluated frequently in response to clinical progression, particularly in neonates that are susceptible to rapid deterioration. Many causes of diarrhoea in foals are contagious and strict biosecurity protocols should be implemented to try and control the spread of disease.

Sarcina ventriculi: Review of the Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
pp. 1441-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Rizwan Haroon Al Rasheed ◽  
Carmencita G. Senseng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastric Perforation ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Sarcina Ventriculi ◽  
Gastric Adenocarcinomas ◽  
Emphysematous Gastritis ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
Ancillary Studies

Sarcina ventriculi is an increasingly common gram-positive coccus, recognized in gastric biopsies, particularly of patients with delayed gastric emptying. It occurs most commonly in adult women and can be identified easily by its characteristic morphologic features, such as basophilic staining, cuboid shape, tetrad arrangement, red blood cell–sized packets, flattened cell walls, and refractile nature on light microscopy. Although the pathogenesis of the organism is debated, it has been implicated in cases of gastric perforation, emphysematous gastritis, and peritonitis as well as occurring in the background of gastric adenocarcinomas. This review of the literature discusses the clinical features, endoscopy findings, histopathology, ancillary studies, microbiology, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this bacterium based on 19 published cases.

Sarcina Organisms in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: A Report of 3 Cases With Varying Presentations

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
Robert Propst ◽  
Laura Denham ◽  
Jeremy K. Deisch ◽  
Tejinder Kalra ◽  
Salman Zaheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastric Perforation ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Histopathologic Examination ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Emphysematous Gastritis ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Sarcina species are anaerobic gram-positive cocci rarely seen in the upper gastrointestinal tract and associated with delayed gastric emptying. We present 3 cases of Sarcina infection with varying clinical presentations including the first reported case of Sarcina in a patient with eosinophilic esophagitis. Although the pathogenesis of Sarcina is unclear, awareness of the bacteria is important as they can usually only be detected on histopathologic examination of upper gastrointestinal biopsies. Treatment in symptomatic patients may prevent severe complications such as emphysematous gastritis and gastric perforation.

scholarly journals Pediatric Stroke: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Tsze ◽  
Jonathan H. Valente
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Pediatric Stroke ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis

Stroke is relatively rare in children, but can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Understanding that children with strokes present differently than adults and often present with unique risk factors will optimize outcomes in children. Despite an increased incidence of pediatric stroke, there is often a delay in diagnosis, and cases may still remain under- or misdiagnosed. Clinical presentation will vary based on the child's age, and children will have risk factors for stroke that are less common than in adults. Management strategies in children are extrapolated primarily from adult studies, but with different considerations regarding short-term anticoagulation and guarded recommendations regarding thrombolytics. Although most recommendations for management are extrapolated from adult populations, they still remain useful, in conjunction with pediatric-specific considerations.

scholarly journals Postmortem Diagnosis of Gastric Ulcer Perforation and Peritonitis with Sarcina Ventriculi: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
Aytül Buğra ◽  
Taner Daş ◽  
Neval Elgörmüş ◽  
Gizem Ayaz
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastric Perforation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Postmortem Diagnosis ◽  
Sarcina Ventriculi ◽  
Ulcer Perforation ◽  
Emphysematous Gastritis ◽  
Life Threatening

Sarcina ventriculi is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus with characteristic tetrad morphology. Sarcina ventriculiis identified by light microscopy with features of basophilic staining, cuboidal shape, tetrad morphology, and refractile nature. There have been very few case reports of Sarcina ventriculi reported in the literature. We present a case of a 53-year-old male, with gastric ulcer perforation where peritonitis was incidentally found to harbor Sarcina ventriculi in postmortem histopathological examination. Most of the cases exhibit abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and delayed gastric emptying. It has also fatal life-threatening complications, such as gastric perforation and emphysematous gastritis. The histopathological examination has a key role for identification of the bacteria. The pathologist must always keep it in mind these bacteria as a cause of gastric ulcer perforation in the differential diagnosis. We want to present a case of a 53-year-old male gastric ulcer perforation who was found dead in his bed.

scholarly journals Fatal Outcome of Emphysematous Gastritis due to Sarcina ventriculi Infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 933-938
Author(s):  
Anita Savić Vuković ◽  
Nives Jonjić ◽  
Ana Bosak Veršić ◽  
Dražen Kovač ◽  
Marko Radman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Sarcina Ventriculi ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Emphysematous Gastritis ◽  
Life Threatening

<i>Sarcina ventriculi</i> is an increasingly common bacterium with a variable pathogenic role. It is often an incidental finding in asymptomatic patients but can also lead to life-threatening conditions, such as gastric perforation and emphysematous gastritis. We report a case of a 14-year-old boy with fatal emphysematous gastritis caused by <i>S. ventriculi</i>, who presented with abdominal pain and vomiting. His medical history included infantile left hemiparesis and operation of patent ductus arteriosus. Emergency surgery was scheduled due to the extremely dilated stomach and gastric pneumatosis, and a total gastrectomy was performed. On the third postoperative day, he suddenly dies, and the diagnosis was confirmed postmortem. This case is an opportunity to review the clinical presentation of emphysematous gastritis and to point out the role of the histopathological examination for the identification of the bacteria.

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