scholarly journals Immunostaining of Lgr5, an Intestinal Stem Cell Marker, in Normal and Premalignant Human Gastrointestinal Tissue

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1168-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laren Becker ◽  
Qin Huang ◽  
Hiroshi Mashimo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
Colonic Adenomas ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Crypt Base

Lgr5 has recently been identified as a murine marker of intestinal stem cells. Its expression has not been well characterized in human gastrointestinal tissues, but has been reported in certain cancers. With the increasing appreciation for the role of cancer stem cells or tumor-initiating cells in certain tumors, we sought to explore the expression of Lgr5 in normal and premalignant human gastrointestinal tissues. Using standard immunostaining, we compared expression of Lgr5 in normal colon and small intestine vs. small intestinal and colonic adenomas and Barrett's esophagus. In the normal tissue, Lgr5 was expressed in the expected stem cell niche, at the base of crypts, as seen in mice. However, in premalignant lesions, Lgr5+cells were not restricted to the crypt base. Additionally, their overall numbers were increased. In colonic adenomas, Lgr5+cells were commonly found clustered at the luminal surface and rarely at the crypt base. Finally, we compared immunostaining of Lgr5 with that of CD133, a previously characterized marker for tumor-initiating cells in colon cancer, and found that they identified distinct subpopulations of cells that were in close proximity, but did not costain. Our findings suggest that (1) Lgr5 is a potential marker of intestinal stem cells in humans and (2) loss of restriction to the stem cell niche is an early event in the premalignant transformation of stem cells and may play a role in carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Mitochondria-enriched protrusions are associated with brain and intestinal stem cells in Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharyn A. Endow ◽  
Sara E. Miller ◽  
Phuong Thao Ly
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Undifferentiated State ◽  
Cytoplasmic Protrusion ◽  
Microtubule Growth ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Early Larvae

AbstractBrain stem cells stop dividing in late Drosophila embryos and begin dividing again in early larvae after feeding induces reactivation. Quiescent neural stem cells (qNSCs) display an unusual cytoplasmic protrusion that is no longer present in reactivated NSCs. The protrusions join the qNSCs to the neuropil, brain regions that are thought to maintain NSCs in an undifferentiated state, but the function of the protrusions is not known. Here we show that qNSC protrusions contain clustered mitochondria that are likely maintained in position by slow forward-and-backward microtubule growth. Larvae treated with a microtubule-stabilizing drug show bundled microtubules and enhanced mitochondrial clustering in NSCs, together with reduced qNSC reactivation. We further show that intestinal stem cells contain mitochondria-enriched protrusions. The qNSC and intestinal stem-cell protrusions differ from previously reported cytoplasmic extensions by forming stem-cell-to-niche mitochondrial bridges that could potentially both silence genes and sense signals from the stem cell niche.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Gastrointestinal Organoid Culture in Combination with Nerves or Fibroblasts: A Method to Characterize the Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Niche

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pastuła ◽  
Moritz Middelhoff ◽  
Anna Brandtner ◽  
Moritz Tobiasch ◽  
Bettina Höhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Organoid Culture ◽  
Gastrointestinal Epithelium ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
The Impact

The gastrointestinal epithelium is characterized by a high turnover of cells and intestinal stem cells predominantly reside at the bottom of crypts and their progeny serve to maintain normal intestinal homeostasis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the pivotal role of a niche surrounding intestinal stem cells in crypts, which consists of cellular and soluble components and creates an environment constantly influencing the fate of stem cells. Here we describe different 3D culture systems to culture gastrointestinal epithelium that should enable us to study the stem cell nichein vitroin the future: organoid culture and multilayered systems such as organotypic cell culture and culture of intestinal tissue fragmentsex vivo. These methods mimic thein vivosituationin vitroby creating 3D culture conditions that reflect the physiological situation of intestinal crypts. Modifications of the composition of the culture media as well as coculturing epithelial organoids with previously described cellular components such as myofibroblasts, collagen, and neurons show the impact of the methods applied to investigate niche interactionsin vitro. We further present a novel method to isolate labeled nerves from the enteric nervous system using Dclk1-CreGFP mice.

scholarly journals A model of protein interactions for regulating plant stem cells

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Gruel ◽  
Julia Deichmann ◽  
Benoit Landrein ◽  
Thomas Hitchcock ◽  
Henrik Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Tissue Size ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Plant Stem Cells

AbstractThe plant shoot apical meristem holds a stem cell niche from which all aerial organs originate. Using a computational approach we show that a mixture of monomers and heterodimers of the transcription factors WUSCHEL and HAIRY MERISTEM is sufficient to pattern the stem cell niche, and predict that immobile heterodimers form a regulatory ‘pocket’ surrounding the stem cells. The model achieves to reproduce an array of perturbations, including mutants and tissue size modifications. We also show its ability to reproduce the recently observed dynamical shift of the stem cell niche during the development of an axillary meristem. The work integrates recent experimental results to answer the longstanding question of how the asymmetry of expression between the stem cell marker CLAVATA3 and its activator WUSCHEL is achieved, and recent findings of plasticity in the system.

Tissue Stem Cells and Stem Cell Niche of the Human Vocal Fold

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-213
Author(s):  
K. Sato ◽  
S. Chitose ◽  
K. Sato ◽  
F. Sato ◽  
T. Kurita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Cell Niche
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