Kinetics of Hepatic Volume Evolution and Architectural Changes after Major Resection in a Porcine Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bekheit ◽  
Petru O. Bucur ◽  
Chloe Audebert ◽  
Elodie Miquelestorena-Standley ◽  
Irene Vignon-Clementel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Liver Volume ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Hepatic Regeneration ◽  
Large White ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Hepatic Volume ◽  
Cellular Regeneration ◽  
Major Resection

Background: The hepatic volume gain following resection is essential for clinical recovery. Previous studies have focused on cellular regeneration. This study aims to explore the rate of hepatic regeneration of the porcine liver following major resection, highlighting estimates of the early microarchitectural changes that occur during the cellular regeneration. Methods: Nineteen large white pigs had 75% resection with serial measurements of the hepatic volume, density, blood flow, and architectural changes. Results: The growth rate initially was 45% per day, then rapidly decreased and was accompanied by a similar pattern of hepatic fat deposition. The architectural changes showed a significant increase in the Ki67 expression (p < 0.0001) in the days following resection with a peak on the 2nd day and nearly normalized on day 7. The expression of CD31 increased significantly on the 2nd and 3rd days compared to the pre-resection samples (p = 0.03). Hepatic artery flow per liver volume remained at baseline ranges during regeneration. Portal flow per liver volume increased after liver resection (p < 0.001), was still elevated on the 1st postoperative day, then decreased. Correlations were significantly negative between the hepatic volume increase on day 3 and the hepatic oxygen consumption and the net lactate production at the end of the procedure (r = –0.82, p = 0.01, and r = –0.70, p = 0.03). Conclusion: The volume increase in the first days – a fast process – is not explained by cellular proliferation alone. The liver/body weight ratio is back to 50% of the preoperative value after 3 days to close to 100% volume regain on days 10–15.

Active and passive control of hepatic blood volume responses to hemorrhage at normal and raised hepatic venous pressure in cats

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1049-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wayne Lautt ◽  
L. Cheryle Brown ◽  
J. Scott Durham
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Passive Control ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Liver Volume ◽  
Passive Flow ◽  
Hepatic Volume ◽  
Volume Response

Hepatic blood volume decreases in response to a rapid hemorrhage (15.3 mL/min) were measured in cats anesthetized with pentobarbital or ketamine–chloralose, by use of in vivo plethysmography alone or in combination with various surgical procedures and vascular circuits. The hepatic blood volume contracts during hemorrhage to compensate for a constant proportion (26 ± 6%) of the blood loss regardless of the extent of the actual blood loss. Following denervation of the liver and α adrenoreceptor blockade (3 mg phentolamine, intraportal) the liver compensation was unaltered. After denervation, nephrectomy, hypophysectomy, and adrenalectomy the liver was still able to compensate for 20 ± 7.4% of the hemorrhage. Decreases in liver volume were linearly related to decreases in total hepatic blood flow that ensued whether the decreased blood flow was induced by hemorrhage or by clamping of the arteries supplying the splanchnic organs (superior mesenteric artery, celiac artery). The hepatic volume response to hemorrhage could be predicted accurately (97 ± 6.6%) simply from the linear passive relationship between flow and volume for a particular animal. However when hepatic venous pressure was experimentally elevated, the volume response to passive flow decrease was markedly reduced whereas the response to hemorrhage and noradrenaline infusion was unimpaired suggesting that active control factors were required to produce normal hepatic volume responses to hemorrhage at raised venous pressure. Phentolamine reduced the response at raised venous pressure but was without effect at normal venous pressure in the same animal, indicating that the hepatic nerves and (or) adrenal catecholamines are of paramount importance in control of the response at raised venous pressure when the passive flow influence is much reduced.

scholarly journals The effect of monosaccharide sugars and pyruvate on the differentiation and metabolism of sheep granulosa cells in vitro

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
B K Campbell ◽  
V Onions ◽  
N R Kendall ◽  
L Guo ◽  
R J Scaramuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Induced Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
High Doses

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of three monosaccharides or pyruvate on the ability of gonadotrophins to induce cellular proliferation and differentiation of cultured sheep granulosa cells. Lactate production and levels of mRNA expression for the glucose transporters SLC2A1, SLC2A4, SLC2A5 and SLC2A8 were also determined. No energy source in the culture media reduced cell number (50%) and oestradiol (E2) production. Dose and type of monosaccharide had a highly significant (P<0.001) effect on FSH-induced differentiation of the granulosa cells, and there was a highly significant interaction (P<0.001). Glucose supported higher levels of E2production than fructose, which was in turn higher than galactose (P<0.001). In contrast, pyruvate at low doses supported similar levels of E2production as glucose, but higher doses were markedly inhibitory to E2production (P<0.001). Cells responded positively to insulin (P<0.001) in the presence of all three monosaccharides. Glucose and the high doses of fructose resulted in the accumulation of lactate (P<0.001), but pyruvate, galactose and the low dose of fructose resulted in low lactate production. SLC2A5 expression was not detected and SLC2A8 expression was not affected, but SLC2A1 and SLC2A4 expression was depressed (P<0.05) by culture in the presence of fructose and glucose. These data show that glucose, metabolised under anoxic conditions to lactate, is the preferred energy substrate to support the gonadotrophin-induced differentiation of ovine granulosa cellsin vitro, and that fructose and pyruvate, but not galactose, are alternative energy substrates despite marked differences in the way these substrates are metabolised.

Abstract No. 80: Value of liver volume/patient weight ratio to predict post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. S37
Author(s):  
P. Dion-Cloutier ◽  
D. Olivié ◽  
P. Perreault ◽  
L. Bouchard ◽  
G. Pomier-Layrargues
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Liver Volume ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Patient Weight

Venoconstriction of hepatic capacitance vessels during hemorrhage in cats: efferent mechanisms

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (1) ◽  
pp. H11-H16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Greenway ◽  
I. R. Innes ◽  
G. D. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Liver Volume ◽  
Splanchnic Nerve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inferior Vena Caval ◽  
Hepatic Volume ◽  
Capacitance Vessels ◽  
Hemorrhage Volume ◽  
Hepatic Nerves ◽  
Capacitance Response

Cats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium were hemorrhaged (1 ml.min-1.kg body wt-1) until arterial pressure declined to 55 mmHg. Hepatic volume was recorded by plethysmography. In controls, 20 +/- 5 (SD) ml/kg was removed and hepatic volume decreased 3.6 +/- 0.8 ml/kg. Splanchnic nerve section or administration of hexamethonium-atropine reduced hemorrhage volumes (to 10.3 +/- 2.3 and 4.8 +/- 1.8 ml/kg, respectively) and liver volume changes (to 1.5 +/- 0.5 and 0.7 +/- 0.3 ml/kg, respectively). Section of only the hepatic nerves had no effect on hemorrhage volume or the decrease in hepatic volume. Section of the hepatic nerves after removal of the adrenals and kidneys also had no significant effect on hemorrhage volume or the decrease in liver volume. We conclude that the hepatic capacitance response to hemorrhage does not require direct sympathetic venoconstriction of the hepatic capacitance vessels. Changes in inferior vena caval pressure play a significant but small role. The splanchnic nerves (excluding hepatic nerves) play a major role, possibly by splanchnic arteriolar constriction. Whereas the liver comprises only 2.5% of the body weight, it contributed 18% of the hemorrhage volume.

Liver Function Following Extended Hepatectomy Can Be Accurately Predicted Using Remnant Liver Volume to Body Weight Ratio

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1193-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Truant ◽  
Emmanuel Boleslawski ◽  
Géraldine Sergent ◽  
Emmanuelle Leteurtre ◽  
Alain Duhamel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Volume ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Remnant Liver ◽  
Extended Hepatectomy ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Remnant Liver Volume

scholarly journals SUBCHRONIC ORAL TOXICITY TEST FOR 28 DAYS OF SAUROPUS ANDROGYNOUS L. MERR. LEAVES SOUP IN WISTAR FEMALE RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
AGUSLINA KIRTISHANTI ◽  
RIDHO ISLAMIE
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Liver Volume ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr. leaves soup. Methods: Subchronic oral toxicity tests were carried out for 28 days in female Wistar rats using conventional methods. Thirty rats were divided into six groups, namely, one control group and three test groups with each extract being given at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight (BW), 1000 mg/kg BW, and 3000 mg/kg BW, and one group satellite control and satellite test group with doses of 3000 mg/kg BW were carried out for 14 days after 28 days of treatment to see the effects of reversibility. All rat groups were observed for behavior, development of BW, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), creatinine serum, ratio of liver and lung organs to BW, and histology of liver and lung. Results: The macroscopic observation of rat’s lung and rat weight ratio did not show a significant difference to the control group (p>0.05). In addition, the ratio of liver volume to BW was significantly different between the doses of 1000 mg/kg BW and 3000 mg/kg BW with satellite groups 3000 mg/kg BW (p<0.05). Levels of SGOT and SGPT as well as liver and lung histopathology scores did not show a significant difference to the control group (p>0.05). However, creatinine serum had the highest increase at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW and a dose of 1000 mg/kg BW. Reversibility effects were not seen after 14 days of the past day given Sauropus androgynous soup for 28 days in female Wistar rats. Conclusion: The given of S. androgynous soup for 28 days for female Wistar rats did not show any specific toxicity effect so that its use was relatively safe for the consumption under 30 days. This study is expected to be the information source about the safety profile of S. androgynus leaves soup consumption.

A comparison of female and castrate pigs slaughtered at weights above and below 120 kg on carcass traits, intramuscular fat and fatty acid composition of carcasses intended for dry-cured ham and shoulder production

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Latorre ◽  
A. Olivares ◽  
A. Callejo ◽  
A. I. Rey ◽  
L. Pérez-Ciria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Large White ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
Dry Cured Ham ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intramuscular Fat Content

The objective of this trial was to study the impact of slaughter weight (SW) class: heavy (≥120 kg) or light (&lt;120 kg) on carcass fatness, development of main lean cuts and fat composition in barrows and gilts intended for dry-cured ham and shoulder elaboration. A total of 181 Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) pigs was used, being 94 barrows and 87 gilts. Carcasses from barrows had lower ham compactness but higher shoulder:ham weight ratio than those from gilts. The allometric growth coefficient of ham was higher in gilts whereas those for shoulder, loin and shoulder/ham were higher in barrows. An interaction sex × SW class was found for carcass fatness; the increase of fat thickness was higher in barrows than in gilts in light SW class but higher in gilts than in barrows in heavy SW class. In addition, the allometric growth coefficients for ham, loin and shoulder:ham ratio were higher in light than in heavy pigs. Percentage of rejected carcasses at slaughterhouse, due to lack of fat thickness, was higher for females than for barrows and for light than for heavy pigs. Sex and SW class had no effect on intramuscular fat content. However, more saturation was found in fat (intramuscular) from barrows and in that (subcutaneous) from light pigs. It can be concluded that carcasses from barrows are commercially more suitable than those from gilts and heavy SW might be more interesting when animals are intended for Teruel dry-cured ham and shoulder production.

scholarly journals Portal flow modulation in living donor liver transplantation: review with a focus on splenectomy

Surgery Today ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoharu Yoshizumi ◽  
Masaki Mori
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Living Donor Liver Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Liver Volume ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Portal Flow ◽  
Donor Liver ◽  
Flow Modulation ◽  
Donor Liver Transplantation

Abstract Small-for-size graft (SFSG) syndrome after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is the dysfunction of a small graft, characterized by coagulopathy, cholestasis, ascites, and encephalopathy. It is a serious complication of LDLT and usually triggered by excessive portal flow transmitted to the allograft in the postperfusion setting, resulting in sinusoidal congestion and hemorrhage. Portal overflow injures the liver directly through nutrient excess, endothelial activation, and sinusoidal shear stress, and indirectly through arterial vasoconstriction. These conditions may be attenuated with portal flow modulation. Attempts have been made to control excessive portal flow to the SFSG, including simultaneous splenectomy, splenic artery ligation, hemi-portocaval shunt, and pharmacological manipulation, with positive outcomes. Currently, a donor liver is considered a SFSG when the graft-to-recipient weight ratio is less than 0.8 or the ratio of the graft volume to the standard liver volume is less than 40%. A strategy for transplanting SFSG safely into recipients and avoiding extensive surgery in the living donor could effectively address the donor shortage. We review the literature and assess our current knowledge of and strategies for portal flow modulation in LDLT.

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