Caries Epidemiology and Its Challenges

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Frencken
Keyword(s):  
Caries Epidemiology

scholarly journals Early Childhood Caries: Epidemiology, Aetiology, and Prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Meyer ◽  
J. Enax
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Caries Epidemiology ◽  
Oral Microorganisms ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent diseases in children worldwide. ECC is driven by a dysbiotic state of oral microorganisms mainly caused by a sugar-rich diet. Additionally, poor oral hygiene or insufficient dental plaque removal leads to the rapid progression of ECC. ECC leads not only to dental destruction and pain with children, but also affects the quality of life of the caregivers. Children with extensive ECC are at high risk to develop caries with the permanent dentition or will have other problems with speaking and/or eating. To prevent ECC, several strategies should be taken into account. Children should brush their teeth with toothpastes containing gentle ingredients, such as mild surfactants and agents showing antiadherent properties regarding oral microorganisms. Parents/caregivers have to help their children with brushing the teeth. Furthermore, remineralizing and nontoxic agents should be included into the toothpaste formulation. Two promising biomimetic agents for children’s oral care are amorphous calcium phosphate [Cax(PO4)ynH2O] and hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)].

Caries Epidemiology and Community Dentistry: Chances for Future Improvements in Caries Risk Groups. Outcomes of the ORCA Saturday Afternoon Symposium, Greifswald, 2014. Part 1

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian H. Splieth ◽  
Jette Christiansen ◽  
Lyndie A. Foster Page
Keyword(s):  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Saturday Afternoon ◽  
Community Dentistry ◽  
Healthy Schools ◽  
Caries Epidemiology ◽  
The Common ◽  
Health Programmes

This paper reviews the first part of the outcomes of the ORCA Saturday Afternoon Symposium 2014 dealing with ‘caries epidemiology and community dentistry: chances for future improvements in caries risk groups'. After the caries decline in many countries, there are remaining pockets of higher caries levels, mostly in the primary dentition and/or linked to a low socio-economic status (SES). The review into the evidence of caries-preventive measures clearly points to the use of fluorides, especially toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpaste and collective measures such as water fluoridation. In contrast to several unsuccessful high-risk approaches, community and public health programmes seem to be able to ensure a population-wide access and compliance in risk groups. Their simple and evidence-based measures mostly combine regular plaque removal and fluoride applications via toothbrushing, at least for children and adolescents. For the future, the common risk factor approach which addresses associations between oral health, social deprivation, diet, hygiene, smoking, alcohol use and stress should lead to combined efforts with other community health and education specialists. Further engagement with public policy, community leaders and administration is needed in order to strengthen healthy choices and behaviour, e.g. in ‘healthy' schools and kindergartens. It seems advisable that these population programmes also aim at improving upstream factors.

scholarly journals Interpreting Poisson Regression Models in Dental Caries Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Man Him Chau ◽  
Edward Chin Man Lo ◽  
May Chun Mei Wong ◽  
Chun Hung Chu
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Caries Epidemiology ◽  
Oral Epidemiology ◽  
Epidemiology Studies

Oral epidemiology involves studying and investigating the distribution and determinants of dental-related diseases in a specified population group to inform decisions in the management of health problems. In oral epidemiology studies, the hypothesis is typically followed by a cogent study design and data collection. Appropriate statistical analysis is essential to demonstrate the scientific association between the independent factors and the target variable. Analysis also helps to develop and build a statistical model. Poisson regression and its extensions have gained more attention in caries epidemiology than other working models such as logistic regression. This review discusses the fundamental principles and basic knowledge of Poisson regression models. It also introduces the use of a robust variance estimator with a focus on the “robust” interpretation of the model. In addition, extensions of regression models, including the zero-inflated model, hurdle model, and negative binomial model, and their interpretation in caries studies are reviewed. Principles of model fitting, including goodness-of-fit measures, are also discussed. Clinicians and researchers should pay attention to the statistical context of the models used and interpret the models to improve the oral and general health of the communities in which they live.

scholarly journals Association between clinical manifestations of sickle cell anaemia in children and the occurrence of dental caries: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Santos Carvalho ◽  
Danilo Antônio Da Silva Duarte ◽  
José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes ◽  
Maria Cristina Teixeira Cangussu ◽  
Maria Cristina Teixeira Cangussu
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Crude Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Caries Epidemiology ◽  
Pain Crisis ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between clinical manifestations of sickle cell anemia (including hospitalization and pain crisis) and dental caries in children in Bahia. Material and Methods: The study design was crosssectional, and the population included children aged from 6 to 96 months from August 2007 to July 2008 (N = 686). Interviews were performed to identify the sociodemographic profiles of the participants, and oral examinations were conducted by three examiners who were previously trained and calibrated to identify the presence of dental caries according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Logistic regression analysis was performed for confirmatory analysis and estimation of confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The results showed that pain crises and hospitalizations were positively associated with caries (crude odds ratio (OR) = 2.11 and adjusted OR = 1.24; crude OR = 2.50 and adjusted OR = 1.46, respectively), but these associations were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The severity of the sickle cell condition alone was not sufficient to aggravate the prevalence of caries; thus, there are no major differences in caries prevalence between children with and without sickle cell disease.KEYWORDSSickle cell anemia; Dental caries; Epidemiology; Paediatrics.

Early childhood caries epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, societal burden, management, education, and policy: Global perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Tinanoff ◽  
Ramon J. Baez ◽  
Carolina Diaz Guillory ◽  
Kevin J. Donly ◽  
Carlos Alberto Feldens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Societal Burden ◽  
Caries Epidemiology ◽  
Childhood Caries
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