Immunolocalization of Receptor and Chemoreceptor Modules in the Sheep Vomeronasal Organ

2018 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Dalia Ibrahim 
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Pgp 9.5 ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Vomeronasal Receptor ◽  
Transduction Mechanisms ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Accessory Olfactory System

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is the peripheral receptor organ of the accessory olfactory system, which is responsible for both sexual and innate behaviors. The degree of neuronal differentiation and maturation of the vomeronasal receptor cells together with the verification of the presence of the solitary chemoreceptor cells (SCCs) in the VNO of Corriedale sheep were assessed using immunofluorescence. A protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), which is a neuronal marker recognized to be expressed in most neurons of vertebrate species, an olfactory marker protein (OMP) that is precise for mature olfactory receptor cells, and lastly phospholipase C-β2 (PLC-β2), a marker in the signal transduction pathway of SCCs, were all tested. The cell bodies and dendrites of almost all receptor cells in the sensory epithelium were strongly positive for PGP 9.5 and to a lesser extent for OMP. In the nonsensory wall, all cells were negative for both PGP 9.5 and OMP; however, some positive PGP 9.5 immunoreactive fibers were identified. For PLC-β2, only 1 basally situated SCC could be identified in the sensory epithelium. A higher number was demonstrated in the nonsensory wall. Corriedale sheep possess matured, fully differentiated vomeronasal receptor cells in their sensory wall, suggesting an appropriate pheromone perception. Additionally, the VNO in sheep may participate in the usual transduction mechanisms, though it is seemingly not a chemoreceptor organ.

scholarly journals Effect of Whole-Milk and Replacement-Milk Feeding on the Fatty Acid Composition of Lymph Lipids in Young Calves

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Wadsworth ◽  
AD Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Milk Feeding

The sensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ of the suckling rat consists of three cell types: receptor, supporting, and basal. Receptor cells are peripherally situated neurones and have dendritic and axonic processes extending from the perikaryon. The former expands near the epithelial surface to an enlarged area containing vacuoles, numerous centrioles, and electron�dense granules. The free surface carries numerous microvilli but no cilia. The perikaryon contains extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and prominent Golgi apparatus. Microtubules occur in both processes. Supporting cells are enlarged near the surface to surround receptor dendrites. In the first 7 days after birth many supporting cells carry a single cilium of the "9 + 0" pattern.

scholarly journals From immune to olfactory expression: neofunctionalization of formyl peptide receptors

2021 ◽  
Vol 383 (1) ◽  
pp. 387-393
Author(s):  
Madlaina Boillat ◽  
Alan Carleton ◽  
Ivan Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Formyl Peptide Receptor ◽  
Regulatory Sequence ◽  
Powerful Source ◽  
Peptide Receptor ◽  
Gene Shuffling ◽  
Evolutionary Innovation ◽  
Vomeronasal Receptor ◽  
Formyl Peptide

Abstract Variations in gene expression patterns represent a powerful source of evolutionary innovation. In a rodent living about 70 million years ago, a genomic accident led an immune formyl peptide receptor (FPR) gene to hijack a vomeronasal receptor regulatory sequence. This gene shuffling event forced an immune pathogen sensor to transition into an olfactory chemoreceptor, which thus moved from sensing the internal world to probing the outside world. We here discuss the evolution of the FPR gene family, the events that led to their neofunctionalization in the vomeronasal organ and the functions of immune and vomeronasal FPRs.

scholarly journals Morphological and Histological Features of the Vomeronasal Organ in African Pygmy Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1462
Author(s):  
Daisuke Kondoh ◽  
Yusuke Tanaka ◽  
Yusuke K. Kawai ◽  
Takayuki Mineshige ◽  
Kenichi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Duct Opening ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Rostral Part

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) detects specific chemicals such as pheromones and kairomones. Hedgehogs (Eulipotyphla: Erinaceidae) have a well-developed accessory olfactory bulb that receives projections from the VNO, but little is known about the hedgehog VNO. Here, we studied the histological features of the VNO in five individual African pygmy hedgehogs by hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and Alcian blue stains. The hedgehog VNO comprises a hyaline cartilage capsule, soft tissue and epithelial lumen, and it branches from the site just before the incisive duct opening into the nasal cavity. The soft tissues contain several small mucous (or mucoserous) glands and a large serous gland, and many venous sinuses all around the lumen. The VNO lumen is round to oval throughout the hedgehog VNO, and the sensory epithelium lines almost the entire rostral part and medial wall of the middle part. These findings indicate that the VNO is functional and plays an important role in the hedgehog. Notably, the VNO apparently has a characteristic flushing mechanism with serous secretions like those of gustatory glands, which the hedgehog might frequently use to recognize the external environment.

Mechanism of anteroposterior axis specification in vertebrates. Lessons from the amphibians

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Slack ◽  
D. Tannahill
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Mesoderm Induction ◽  
Inducing Factors ◽  
Almost All

Interest in the problem of anteroposterior specification has quickened because of our near understanding of the mechanism in Drosophila and because of the homology of Antennapedia-like homeobox gene expression patterns in Drosophila and vertebrates. But vertebrates differ from Drosophila because of morphogenetic movements and interactions between tissue layers, both intimately associated with anteroposterior specification. The purpose of this article is to review classical findings and to enquire how far these have been confirmed, refuted or extended by modern work. The “pre-molecular” work suggests that there are several steps to the process: (i) Formation of anteroposterior pattern in mesoderm during gastrulation with posterior dominance. (ii) Regional specific induction of ectoderm to form neural plate. (iii) Reciprocal interactions from neural plate to mesoderm. (iv) Interactions within neural plate with posterior dominance. Unfortunately, almost all the observable markers are in the CNS rather than in the mesoderm where the initial specification is thought to occur. This has meant that the specification of the mesoderm has been assayed indirectly by transplantation methods such as the Einsteckung. New molecular markers now supplement morphological ones but they are still mainly in the CNS and not the mesoderm. A particular interest attaches to the genes of the Antp-like HOX clusters since these may not only be markers but actual coding factors for anteroposterior levels. We have a new understanding of mesoderm induction based on the discovery of activins and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) as candidate inducing factors. These factors have later consequences for anteroposterior pattern with activin tending to induce anterior, and FGF posterior structures. Recent work on neural induction has implicated cAMP and protein kinase C (PKC) as elements of the signal transduction pathway and has provided new evidence for the importance of tangential neural induction. The regional specificity of neural induction has been reinvestigated using molecular markers and provides conclusions rather similar to the classical work. Defects in the axial pattern may be produced by retinoic acid but it remains unclear whether its effects are truly coordinate ones or are concentrated in certain regions of high sensitivity. In general the molecular studies have supported and reinforced the “pre-molecular ones”. Important questions still remain: (i) How much pattern is there in the mesoderm (how many states?) (ii) How is this pattern generated by the invaginating organizer? (iii) Is there one-to-one transmission of codings to the neural plate? (iv) What is the nature of the interactions within the neural plate? (v) Are the HOX cluster genes really the anteroposterior codings?

PGP 9.5 neuronal marker may differentiate immunohistochemically HIV-related from Mediterranean and immunosuppression-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (10) ◽  
pp. 917-923
Author(s):  
Vasileia Xyla ◽  
Elias Skopelitis ◽  
Panayiotis D. Ziakas ◽  
Athanasios Kontos ◽  
Eleftherios Ioannidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Pgp 9.5

scholarly journals The Fine Structure of the Sensory Epithelium of the Vomeronasal Organ in Suckling Rats

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E Kratzing
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Tryptic Digestion ◽  
Tryptic Peptides ◽  
Special Procedure ◽  
A Chain

The amino acid sequence of the a-chain of haemoglobin from M. giganteus has been determined. The soluble peptides formed by tryptic digestion were isolated by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, paper ionophoresis, and chromatography. The amino acid sequences were determined by the "dansyl"Edman procedure. Incomplete hydrolysis of one bond resulted in a large insolublecore peptide containing 40 amino acid residues. The sequence of this peptide was deduced from the sequences of smaller peptides resulting from further digestion with thermolysin and papain. Maleylation of the a-globin before tryptic digestion gave three large fragments which assisted in assigning tryptic peptides to specific areas of the molecule. A special procedure involving maleylation of a chymotryptic digest of globin was used to isolate peptides containing arginine which provided overlap sequences of tryptic peptides

Neuropeptides and general neuronal marker PGP 9.5 in normal skin: an immunohistochemical study

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S.K. Al'Abadie ◽  
H. Jennifer Senior ◽  
Stanley S Bleehen ◽  
David J Gawkrodger
Keyword(s):  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Pgp 9.5

scholarly journals Morphology of cat vomeronasal organ non-sensory epithelium during postnatal development

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaa A. M. Elgayar ◽  
Heba M. Saad-Eldin ◽  
Ola A. Haussein
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Sensory Epithelium

scholarly journals Sensitivity and transduction mechanisms of responses to general odorants in turtle vomeronasal system.

1991 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Shoji ◽  
K Kurihara
Keyword(s):  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Na Channel ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Ca Channel ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Free Solution ◽  
Vomeronasal System ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Transduction Mechanisms

(a) The responses of the vomeronasal organ to general odorants in the turtle, Geoclemys reevesii, were measured by recording the accessory olfactory bulbar responses. The threshold concentrations of the vomeronasal responses to various odorants were similar to those in main olfactory bulbar responses, indicating that vomeronasal cells lacking cilia and olfactory cells having many cilia have similar sensitivities to general odorants. (b) The vomeronasal epithelium was perfused with 100 mM NaCl solution and the salt-free solution and the effects of NaCl on the vomeronasal responses to various odorants were examined. There was no essential difference between the concentration-response curves for n-amyl acetate and menthone dissolved in 100 mM NaCl solution and those dissolved in the salt-free solution in the whole concentration range examined. The ratios of the magnitudes of vomeronasal responses in the salt-free solution to those in 100 mM NaCl solution were between 1.01 and 1.10 for seven odorants tested. (c) The magnitudes of responses to the odorants were unchanged by changes in NaCl concentrations. The replacement of Na+ with organic cations such as choline+, Bis-Tris propane2+, and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine+ did not affect the magnitudes of the responses to the odorants. The Na channel blocker amiloride also did not affect the responses. (d) The vomeronasal responses were practically unchanged by changes in CaCl2 concentration. The Ca channel blockers diltiazem and verapamil did not affect the responses. (e) The replacement of Cl- with SO4(2-) did not affect the magnitudes of the vomeronasal responses. (f) The present results suggest that ion transport across the apical membranes of vomeronasal receptor cells does not contribute to the responses to odorants in the turtle.

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