scholarly journals Metabolomics Reveals Protection of Resveratrol in Diet-Induced Metabolic Risk Factors in Abdominal Muscle

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 1136-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyou Chen ◽  
Guozhu Ye ◽  
Xinbo Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liu ◽  
Yingfeng Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Intracellular Lipid ◽  
Oil Red O Staining ◽  
Oil Red O

Background/Aims: Abdominal obesity is recognized as the main reason of metabolic syndrome, which is closely related to disordered skeletal and/or abdominal muscle metabolic functions. Metabolomics is a comprehensive assessment system in biological metabolites. The aim of our present study is to investigate the diet-induced metabolic risk factors by metabolic in the abdominal muscles and clarify the relationship between atheroprotective effects of Resveratrol (Rev) and abdominal muscles metabolic components during the development of atherosclerosis. Methods: The mice were randomly divided into three groups including normal group (N), high fat diet (HFD or H) group and high fat diet with Rev treated group (HR). GC-MS combined with pattern recognition approaches were employed to obtain comprehensive metabolic signatures and related differential metabolites after 24 week HFD feeding. Oil Red O staining and Electron microscopy technology (EMT) were employed to detect the size of fatty plaques and intracellular lipid accumulation, respectively. Results: The result indicated that 22 types of metabolites in the abdominal muscles were obviously altered by HFD feeding group. Moreover, Rev treatment obviously increased 11 different kinds of metabolites, most of which were involved in the carbohydrate, amino acid and lipid metabolisms. Importantly, these elevated different metabolites were involved in pathways mainly related to galactose metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism in abdominal muscles. Oil Red O staining and Electron microscopy showed less lipid accumulation in the lesions and decreased intracellular lipid deposition in the foam cells in HR group. Conclusions: We concluded that Rev produced a beneficial effect partially by modulating multiple metabolism pathways and metabolites in the abdominal muscles, which may provide a new protective mechanism of Rev on the progression of atherosclerosis. These notably changed metabolites might be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets during development of metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis.

Incorporation of whole oat, especially bran, into a high-fat diet, improves cardio-metabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetic rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-616
Author(s):  
Fatima Bensalah ◽  
Nour el Imane Harrat ◽  
Fouad Affane ◽  
Hadjera Chekkal ◽  
Myriem Lamri-Senhadji
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Oat Bran

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of whole oat, oat bran and refined oat incorporation in a high-fat diet (HFD) on cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Design/methodology/approach T2DM was induced by feeding male rats with an HFD for 10 weeks, followed by a low dose of streptozotocin. T2DM rats were then divided into four homogeneous groups. Three groups consumed an HFD containing 45 per cent (g/100 g diet) whole oat, oat bran or refined oat. The fourth untreated group (control) received the HFD. Findings The results showed that whole oat and oat bran, compared with refined oat and control, effectively reduced food intake (p < 0.007), arterial blood pressure (p = 0.0001), glycemia (p < 0.001), insulinemia (p < 0.01), glycosylated haemoglobin (p < 0.001) as well as homeostasis insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p < 0.001). They also improved blood lipid levels and reverse cholesterol transport by reducing serum total cholesterol (p = 0.0001), triacylglycerols (p < 0.05), very-low- (p = 0.0001) and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol contents (p < 0.02) increasing lipids (p < 0.002) and cholesterol excretion (p = 0.0001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesteryl esters (HDL2-CE) concentrations (p = 0.0001) and stimulating lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity (p = 0.0001). Moreover, they attenuated lipid peroxidation by increasing paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) atheroprotective activity (p < 0.05). Originality/value In T2DM rats, whole oat and particularly, its bran incorporated into an HFD improves arterial blood pressure, glycemic balance and lipid metabolic pathway by reducing hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia and increasing atheroprotective activities of LCAT and PON-1. In contrast, refined oat accentuates the risk factors associated with diabetes.

scholarly journals Kangtaizhi Granule Alleviated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats and HepG2 Cells via AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Zhang ◽  
Haixia Du ◽  
Menglan Shen ◽  
Zhengqi Zhao ◽  
Xinmiao Ye
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Oil Red O Staining ◽  
Oil Red O

Kangtaizhi granule (KTZG) is a Chinese medicine compound prescription and has been proven to be effective in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment clinically. However, the underlying mechanisms under this efficacy are rather elusive. In the present study, network pharmacology and HPLC analysis were performed to identify the chemicals of KTZG and related target pathways for NAFLD treatment. Network pharmacology screened 42 compounds and 79 related targets related to NAFLD; HPLC analysis also confirmed six compounds in KTZG. Further experiments were also performed. In an in vivo study, SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (rats fed with normal diet), NAFLD (rats fed with high-fat diet), and KTZG 0.75, 1.5, and 3 groups (NAFLD rats treated with KTZG 0.75, 1.5, and 3 g/kg, respectively). Serum lipids were biochemically determined; hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation were evaluated with HE and oil red O staining. In an in vitro study, HepG2 cells were incubated with 1 mM FFA to induce lipid accumulation with or without KTZG treatment. MTT assay, intracellular TG level, oil red O staining, and glucose uptake in cells were detected. Western blotting and immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining were also performed to determine the expression of lipid-related genes PPAR-γ, SREBP-1, p-AKT, FAS, and SIRT1 and genes in the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. In high-fat diet-fed rats, KTZG treatment significantly improved liver organ index and serum lipid contents of TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, and AST significantly; HE and oil red O staining also showed that KTZG alleviated hepatic steatosis and liver lipid accumulation. In FFA-treated HepG2 cells, KTZG treatment decreased the intracellular TG levels, lipid accumulation, and attenuated glucose uptake significantly. More importantly, lipid-related genes PPAR-γ, SREBP-1, p-AKT, FAS, and SIRT1 expressions were ameliorated with KTZG treatment in high-fat diet-fed rats and FFA-induced HepG2 cells. The p-AMPK and p-mTOR expressions in the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway were also modified with KTZG treatment in high-fat diet-fed rats and HepG2 cells. These results indicated that KTZG effectively ameliorated lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis to prevent NAFLD in high-fat diet-fed rats and FFA-induced HepG2 cells, and this effect was associated with the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Our results suggested that KTZG might be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of NAFLD.

Silibinin augments the effect of clopidogrel on atherosclerosis in diabetic ApoE deficiency mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jianbo Zhang ◽  
Qiyu Shi ◽  
Yamin Hu ◽  
Xiaohong Li
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Antithrombotic Effect ◽  
Aortic Lesion ◽  
Atherosclerosis Treatment ◽  
Oil Red O Staining ◽  
Oil Red O

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) abolishes the antithrombotic effect of Clopidogrel. Here, we investigated the synergistic effect of Silibinin on Clopidogrel-mediated atherosclerosis treatment in diabetic mice. METHODS: ApoE–/– mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to establish the atherosclerotic model with diabetes. Animals were treated with Clopidogrel, Silibinin, or the combined to evaluate the protective effects on atherosclerosis and diabetes through Oil-red-O staining, qRT-PCR, Western blot, and metabolic measurements. Platelet activation and aggregation ex vivo assays were performed to detect the anti-thrombotic effect of different administrations. RESULTS: Silibinin significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of Clopidogrel on atherosclerosis in DM mice. Co-administration of Silibinin with Clopidogrel remarkedly reduced the aortic lesion, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in aorta roots, and diabetic symptoms were significantly improved by the Silibinin-Clopidogrel treatment in HFD-fed ApoE–/– mice. Interestingly, the anti-thrombotic effect of Clopidogrel was further augmented by the Silibinin treatment in atherosclerotic mice. CONCLUSION: In atherosclerotic mouse model, Silibinin significantly improves the effect of Clopidogrel on atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Effect of BuShen JiangZhi Recipe on Atherosclerosis in ApoE−/- Mice by Regulating the Expression of Anpep via mmu_circRNA_22187

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Li Yan ◽  
Qingling Jia ◽  
Hui Cao ◽  
Pingyi He ◽  
Sanli Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Aortic Sinus ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
Oil Red O Staining ◽  
Oil Red O

The BuShen JiangZhi (BSJZ) recipe is a Chinese medicine compound with the effect of tonifying the kidney, replenishing essence, and lowering blood fat to unblock vessels. The purpose of this study is to explore whether the mechanism of BSJZ for effective intervention in the treatment of AS is related to mmu_circRNA_22187 and aminopeptidase N (Anpep). ApoE-/- mice were induced by a high-fat diet to replicate the AS model. 24 ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into model group (group M), BSJZ group (group BS), and 12 C57BL/6 mice of the same genetic background and same weeks of age as the normal control group (group C). Mice in the BS group were given an aqueous solution of BSJZ by gavage, while mice in groups C and M were given the same volume of distilled water. HE and Oil Red O staining were used to detect the pathomorphology and lipid accumulation of mouse aortic sinus. Arraystar version 2.0 mouse circRNA chip was used to scan with Agilent Scanner G2505C, and the differential circRNAs expression profile of mice aorta was obtained. Scatter plot, volcano plot, and cluster map, respectively, visualized the differentially expressed circRNAs, as well as the types of circRNAs and the chromosomes’ distribution, screened and compared the differentially expressed circRNAs intersection between groups by Venny software, and then combined ceRNA bioinformatics analysis to construct a ceRNA network. The results showed that BSJZ could significantly reduce the area of AS plaque and lipid accumulation in the aortic sinus of ApoE-/- mice induced by a high-fat diet. The bioinformatics analysis showed that mmu_circRNA_22187 may be a key circRNA of BSJZ intervention in the treatment of AS. Compared with group C, the expressions of Anpep mRNA and protein were upregulated in group M. After the intervention of BSJZ, the expressions of Anpep mRNA and protein were downregulated. Therefore, BSJZ could effectively treat AS which might be related to the regulation of mmu_circRNA_22187 and Anpep.

scholarly journals Protective effects of a unique combination of nutritionally active ingredients on risk factors and gene expression associated with atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe W. E. Moss ◽  
Jessica O Williams ◽  
Wijdan Al-Ahmadi ◽  
Victoria O'Morain ◽  
Yee-Hung Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Food Ingredients

Atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disorder of the vasculature and the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, is responsible for one in three global deaths. Consumption of active food ingredients such as omega-3...

scholarly journals High-fat and low-fat (behavioural) phenotypes: biology or environment?

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Blundell ◽  
John Cooling
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Conceptual Tool

It is now widely accepted that obesity develops by way of genetic mechanisms conferring specific dispositions which interact with strong environmental pressures. It is also accepted that certain dispositions constitute metabolic risk factors for weight gain. It is less well accepted that certain patterns of behaviour (arising from biological demands or environmental influences) put individuals at risk of developing a positive energy balance and weight gain (behavioural risk factors). Relevant patterns of behaviour include long-lasting habits for selecting and eating particular types of foods. Such habits define two distinct groups characterized as high-fat (HF) and low-fat (LF) phenotypes. These habits are important because of the attention given to dietary macronutrients in body-weight gain and the worldwide epidemic of obesity. Considerable evidence indicates that the total amount of dietary fat consumed remains the most potent food-related risk factor for weight gain. However, although habitual intake of a high-fat diet is a behavioural risk factor for obesity, it does not constitute a biological inevitability. A habitual low-fat diet does seem to protect against the development of obesity, but a high-fat diet does not guarantee that an individual will be obese. Although obesity is much more prevalent among HF than LF, some HF are lean with BMI well within the normal range. The concept of 'different routes to obesity' through a variety of nutritional scenarios can be envisaged, with predisposed individuals varying in their susceptibility to different dietary inputs. In a particular subgroup of individuals (young adult males) HF and LF displayed quite different profiles of appetite control, response to nutrient challenges and physiological measures, including BMR, RQ, heart rate, plasma leptin levels and thermogenic responses to fat and carbohydrate meals. These striking differences suggest that HF and LF can be used as a conceptual tool to investigate the relationship between biology and the environment (diet) in the control of body weight.

scholarly journals A randomised four-intervention crossover study investigating the effect of carbohydrates on daytime profiles of insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids and triacylglycerols in middle-aged men

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey E. Brynes ◽  
C. Mark Edwards ◽  
Mohammed A. Ghatei ◽  
Anne Dornhorst ◽  
Linda M. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Postprandial Insulin

Postprandial concentrations of glucose, insulin and triacylglycerols (TG) correlate to risk for CHD. Carbohydrates affect many metabolites that could have a potential effect on cardiovascular risk factors. The objective of the present study was to examine, using a randomised prospective study, the acute (day 1) and ad libitum medium-term (day 24) effects of four diets: a high-fat diet (HIGH-FAT; 50 % fat, >34 % monounsaturated fatty acids); a low-glycaemic index (GI) diet (LOW-GI; high-carbohydrate, low-GI); a high-sucrose diet (SUCROSE; high carbohydrate increase of 90 g sucrose/d); a high-GI diet (HIGH-GI; high-carbohydrate, high-GI). Daytime profiles (8 h) (breakfast, lunch and tea) of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were completed during day 1 and day 24. Seventeen middle-aged men with one or more cardiac risk factors completed the study. There was no change from day 1 or between diets in fasting glucose, lipids or homeostatic assessment model (HOMA) on day 24. The HIGH-FAT compared with the three high-carbohydrate diets was associated with lower postprandial insulin and glucose but higher postprandial TG and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). There was a significant increase in the 6 h (15.00 hours) TG concentration (day 1, 2·6 (SEM 0·3) MMOL/L v. DAY 24, 3·3 (sem 0·3) mmol/l; P<0·01) on the SUCROSE diet. Postprandial HOMA (i.e. incremental area under the curve (IAUC) glucose (mmol/l per min)×IAUC insulin/22·5 (mU/l per min)) median changes from day 1 to day 24 were −61, −43, −20 and +31 % for the HIGH-FAT, LOW-GI, SUCROSE and HIGH-GI diets respectively. The HIGH-GI percentage change was significantly different from the other three diets (P<0·001). Despite being advised to maintain an identical energy intake there was a significant weight change (−0·27 (sem 0·3) kg; P<0·02) on the LOW-GI diet compared with the SUCROSE diet (+0·84 (sem 0·3) kg). In conclusion the HIGH-FAT diet had a beneficial effect on postprandial glucose and insulin over time but it was associated with higher postprandial concentrations of TG and NEFA. Conversely the HIGH-GI diet appeared to increase postprandial insulin resistance over the study period.

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