scholarly journals Exon Array Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-213
Author(s):  
Marquis Philip Vawter ◽  
Robert Philibert ◽  
Brandi Rollins ◽  
Patricia L. Ruppel ◽  
Terry W. Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Exon Array

Narcolepsy: Differential Diagnosis or Etiology in Some Cases of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia?

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan B. Douglass
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Sleep Paralysis ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Psychotic Features ◽  
Hypnagogic Hallucinations ◽  
Rule Out

AbstractDoes narcolepsy, a neurological disease, need to be considered when diagnosing major mental illness? Clinicians have reported cases of narcolepsy with prominent hypnagogic hallucinations that were mistakenly diagnosed as schizophrenia. In some bipolar disorder patients with narcolepsy, the HH resulted in their receiving a more severe diagnosis (ie, bipolar disorder with psychotic features or schizoaffective disorder). The role of narcolepsy in psychiatric patients has remained obscure and problematic, and it may be more prevalent than commonly believed. Classical narcolepsy patients display the clinical “tetrad”—cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, daytime sleep attacks, and sleep paralysis. Over 85% also display the human leukocyte antigen marker DQB10602 (subset of DQ6). Since 1998, discoveries in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology have greatly advanced the understanding of narcolepsy, which involves a nearly total loss of the recently discovered orexin/hypocretin (hypocretin) neurons of the hypothalamus, likely by an autoimmune mechanism. Hypocretin neurons normally supply excitatory signals to brainstem nuclei producing norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine, and dopamine, with resultant suppression of sleep. They also project to basal forebrain areas and cortex. A literature review regarding the differential diagnosis of narcolepsy, affective disorder, and schizophrenia is presented. Furthermore, it is now possible to rule out classical narcolepsy in difficult psychiatric cases. Surprisingly, psychotic patients with narcolepsy will likely require stimulants to fully recover. Many conventional antipsychotic drugs would worsen their symptoms and make them appear to become a “chronic psychotic,” while in fact they can now be properly diagnosed and treated.

Bipolar Disorders and Their Clinical Management, Part II: Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, and Treatment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette DeMuri-Maletic ◽  
Vladimir Maletic
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
The Impact

Bipolar disorder is a biologically and phenotypically diverse disorder and its diagnosis and treatment provides a significant challenge to even the most seasoned clinician. We provide an update on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of bipolar disorder, reflecting recent changes in DSM-5. Our review provides a succinct summary of the treatment literature, encompassing pharmacologic and psychosocial interventions for bipolar depression, mania/hypomania, mixed states, and prevention of disease recurrence. We provide a brief critical review of emerging treatment modalities, including those used in treatment resistance. Challenges involved in maintaining adherence are further discussed. Additionally, we review common treatment adverse effects and provide recommendations for proper side effect monitoring. There is evidence of significant functional impairment in patients with bipolar disorder and we conclude with a discussion of the impact of impairment on prognosis and quality of life. This review contains 4 figures, 8 tables, and 45 references. Key Words: bipolar disorders, differential diagnosis, maintenance pharmacotherapy, prognosis, psychosocial interventions, treatment, quality of life

scholarly journals Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: A Case Aimed at Raising Clinical Awareness

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jad Al Danaf ◽  
John Madara ◽  
Caitlin Dietsche
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ◽  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Medication List ◽  
Marked Elevation ◽  
Serum Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Awareness

A 60-year-old man with a history of bipolar disorder on risperidone, bupropion, and escitalopram was admitted for community acquired streptococcal pneumonia. Four days later, he developed persistent hyperthermia, dysautonomia, rigidity, hyporeflexia, and marked elevation of serum creatine phosphokinase. He was diagnosed with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and improved with dantrolene, bromocriptine, and supportive therapy. This case emphasizes the importance of considering a broad differential diagnosis for fever in the ICU, carefully reviewing the medication list for all patients, and considering NMS in patients with fever and rigidity.

Auxiliary differential diagnosis of schizophrenia and phases of bipolar disorder based on the blood serum Raman spectra

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 2233-2244
Author(s):  
Gulce Ogruc Ildiz ◽  
Sevgi Bayari ◽  
Umut M. Aksoy ◽  
Nese Yorguner ◽  
Huseyin Bulut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Raman Spectra

Differential Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder from Bipolar Disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Hatchett
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Health Counseling ◽  
Dsm V

Many psychiatrists have reconceptualized borderline personality disorder (BPD) as a variant of bipolar disorder and, consistent with the treatment of bipolar disorder, emphasize the use of mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics in treatment. This change in diagnostic practice is unfortunate. BPD is a distinct diagnostic construct, and clients who fit this pattern require a fundamentally different treatment approach than what is typically recommended for bipolar disorder. The purpose of this article is to update counselors on the expansion of bipolar disorder in the psychiatric literature, present evidence for the validity of BPD, discuss strategies for the differential diagnosis of it from bipolar disorder, review proposed changes in DSM-V, and integrate the literature into a mental health counseling framework.

Acute hypomania in systemic lupus erythematosus, differential diagnosis. A case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S393-S393 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Ochoa García ◽  
G.M. Chauca Chauca ◽  
L. Carrión Expósito
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Sle

IntroductionIt is well known that seizures and psychosis are diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), however, there could be many other neuropsychiatric symptoms. The American College of Rheumatology Nomenclature provides case definitions for 19 neuropsychiatric syndromes seen in SLE (NPSLE), including cognitive impairment, psychosis, mood and anxiety disorders. Lack of specific manifestations difficult diagnosis and treatment.ObjectivesTo address the diagnostic difficulties that involve the appearance of hypomanic symptoms in the course of SLE treated with high doses of corticoids in a patient with a depressive episode history.MethodDescription of case report and literature revision. We report the case of a 22-year-old woman who presented irritable mood, sexual disinhibition, insomnia and inflated self-esteem. The patient was recently diagnosed with SLE and was on treatment with 50 mg/d prednisone. She had familiar history for bipolar disorder and was taking 20 mg/d paroxetine since the last 6 months after being diagnosed with major depressive episode.ResultsWe proposed differential diagnosis between psychiatric symptoms secondary to central nervous system SLE involvement, a comorbid bipolar disorder or prednisone-induced mood symptoms. Fluctuation of hypomanic symptoms during hospitalization, poor relationship with variation in corticosteroid doses, findings on brain MRI compatible with vasculitis and positive antibodies, oriented this case to a neuropsychiatric manifestation of LES.ConclusionsWe should keep in mind that symptoms of neuropsychiatric SLE may vary from more established manifestations of NPSLE to mild diffuses ones. More studies are needed to expand knowledge in the relationship between mood disorders and neuropsychiatric SLE.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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