Mechanism of Action of TiF4 on Dental Enamel Surface: SEM/EDX, KOH-Soluble F, and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 554-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia P. Comar ◽  
Beatriz M. Souza ◽  
Luana P. Al-Ahj ◽  
Jessica Martins ◽  
Larissa T. Grizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Enamel ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Fluoride Deposition

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the action of TiF4 on sound and carious bovine and human enamel. Sound (S) and pre-demineralised (DE) bovine and human (primary and permanent) enamel samples were treated with TiF4 (pH 1.0) or NaF varnishes (pH 5.0), containing 0.95, 1.95, or 2.45% F for 12 h. The enamel surfaces were analysed using SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) (n = 10, 5 S and 5 DE) and KOH-soluble fluoride was quantified (n = 20, 10 S and 10 DE). Hydroxyapatite powder produced by precipitation method was treated with the corresponding fluoride solutions for 1 min (n = 2). The formed compounds were detected using X-ray diffraction (XRD). All TiF4 varnishes produced a coating layer rich in Ti and F on all types of enamel surface, with micro-cracks in its extension. TiF4 (1.95 and 2.45% F) provided higher fluoride deposition than NaF, especially for bovine enamel (p < 0.0001). It also induced a higher fluoride deposition on DE samples compared to S samples (p < 0.0001), except for primary enamel. The Ti content was higher for bovine and human primary enamel than human permanent enamel, with some differences between S and DE. The XRD analysis showed that TiF4 induced the formation of new compounds such as CaF2, TiO2, and Ti(HPO4)2·H2O. In conclusion, TiF4 (>0.95% F) interacts better, when compared to NaF, with bovine and human primary enamel than with human permanent enamel. TiF4 provoked higher F deposition compared to NaF. Carious enamel showed higher F uptake than sound enamel by TiF4 application, while Ti uptake was dependent on the enamel condition and origin.

A study on using expanded perlite with hydroxyapatite: Reinforced bio-composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199656
Author(s):  
Erdoğan Karip ◽  
Mehtap Muratoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

People are exposed to different kinds of diseases or various accidents in life. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely employed for bone treatment applications. In this study, HA was extracted from sheep bones. Bio-composites were doped with 1, 5, and 10 wt.% of expanded perlite and 5 wt.% of ZrO2–MgO-P2O5. The bio-composites were prepared by the cold isostatic pressing method (250 MPa) and sintered at 900°C for 1 h. In order to evaluate the characteristics of the bio-composites, microhardness, density, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were carried out on them. Additionally, the specimens whose characteristics were determined were kept in synthetic body fluid (SBF), and their in vitro behavior was examined. As a result, it was observed that microhardness increased as both the weight and the grain size of the expanded perlite were increased. Calcium silicate, tri-calcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite were observed in the XRD analysis of all samples, and the formation of apatite structures was increased by addition of ZrO2–MgO–P2O5.

A Novel Missense Mutation (p.P52R) in Amelogenin Gene Causing X-linked Amelogenesis Imperfecta

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kida ◽  
Y. Sakiyama ◽  
A. Matsuda ◽  
S. Takabayashi ◽  
H. Ochi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Hereditary Disease ◽  
Amelogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Japanese Family ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Amelogenin Gene

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary disease with abnormal dental enamel formation. Here we report a Japanese family with X-linked AI transmitted over at least four generations. Mutation analysis revealed a novel mutation (p.P52R) in exon 5 of the amelogenin gene. The mutation was detected as heterozygous in affected females and as hemizygous in their affected father. The affected sisters exhibited vertical ridges on the enamel surfaces, whereas the affected father had thin, smooth, yellowish enamel with distinct widening of inter-dental spaces. To study the pathological cause underlying the disease in this family, we synthesized the mutant amelogenin p.P52R protein and evaluated it in vitro. Furthermore, we studied differences in the chemical composition between normal and affected teeth by x-ray diffraction analysis and x-ray fluorescence analysis. We believe that these results will greatly aid our understanding of the pathogenesis of X-linked AI.

scholarly journals Effects of CO2laser irradiation on matrix-rich biofilm development formation–an in vitro study

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Raquel Zancopé ◽  
Vanessa B. Dainezi ◽  
Marinês Nobre-dos-Santos ◽  
Sillas Duarte ◽  
Vanessa Pardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biofilm Development

BackgroundA carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has been used to morphologically and chemically modify the dental enamel surface as well as to make it more resistant to demineralization. Despite a variety of experiments demonstrating the inhibitory effect of a CO2laser in reduce enamel demineralization, little is known about the effect of surface irradiated on bacterial growth. Thus, this in vitro study was preformed to evaluate the biofilm formation on enamel previously irradiated with a CO2laser (λ = 10.6 µM).MethodsFor this in vitro study, 96 specimens of bovine enamel were employed, which were divided into two groups (n = 48): 1) Control-non-irradiated surface and 2) Irradiated enamel surface. Biofilms were grown on the enamel specimens by one, three and five days under intermittent cariogenic condition in the irradiated and non-irradiated surface. In each assessment time, the biofilm were evaluated by dry weigh, counting the number of viable colonies and, in fifth day, were evaluated by polysaccharides analysis, quantitative real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as well as by contact angle. In addition, the morphology of biofilms was characterized by fluorescence microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Initially, the assumptions of equal variances and normal distribution of errors were conferred and the results are analyzed statistically by t-test and Mann Whitney test.ResultsThe mean of log CFU/mL obtained for the one-day biofilm evaluation showed that there is statistical difference between the experimental groups. When biofilms were exposed to the CO2laser, CFU/mL and CFU/dry weight in three day was reduced significantly compared with control group. The difference in the genes expression (Glucosyltransferases (gtfB) and Glucan-binding protein (gbpB)) and polysaccharides was not statically significant. Contact angle was increased relative to control when the surface was irradiated with the CO2laser. Similar morphology was also visible with both treatments; however, the irradiated group revealed evidence of melting and fusion in the specimens.ConclusionIn conclusion, CO2laser irradiation modifies the energy surface and disrupts the initial biofilm formation.

Fabrication and in Vitro Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate Combined with Chitosan Fibers for Scaffold Structures

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Lian ◽  
Dichen Li ◽  
Zhongmin Jin ◽  
Jue Wang ◽  
Aimin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chitosan Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Performance ◽  
Rapid Tool

A rapid prototyping and rapid tool technique-based method was developed to fabricate chitosan fiber calcium phosphate cement composites (CF/CPC) for bone tissue engineering scaffold applications. The products were characterized and the in vitro performance with canine bone marrow stem cells (BMCs) on CF/CPC scaffold with controlled fiber structures evaluated. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that about 91% of the inorganic part of the CF/CPC scaffold was hydroxyapatite (HA) and the variation in CF had little effect on the percentage of HA content. The results from in vitro study demonstrated that the interconnected macropores rapidly formed inside the CF/CPC scaffolds and that the patterns were related to the fiber structures used. The differences in the fiber structures altered the morphology of the BMCs without affecting the proliferation of the BMCs.

Synthesis, Structural Analysis of Cadmium Sulphide Nanocrystallites

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
R. Sivanand ◽  
S. Chellammal ◽  
S. Manivannan
Keyword(s):  
Size Variation ◽  
Cadmium Sulphide ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Capping Agent ◽  
Energy Dispersive Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, the effect of size variation of cadmium sulphide nanocrystallites which have been prepared by precipitation method is analyzed. These prepared samples were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive analysis of spectroscopy (EDAX) techniques. SEM analysis represents the morphological nature of prepared samples and EDAX indicates the confirmation of elements present in the sample. XRD analysis determines the size of the samples and identifies the structure using miller indices (h k l values) of the nanocrystallies matches with JCPDS. From the XRD analysis, the size variation which depends on dopant, capping agent are discussed and corresponding results are reported in this paper.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite from Duck Eggshell by Wet Precipitation Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Yelmida Azis ◽  
Cory Dian Alfarisi ◽  
Komalasari Komalasari ◽  
Khairat Khairat ◽  
Yusnimar Sahan
Keyword(s):  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inorganic Mineral

Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is the most stable form of calcium phosphate and widely used in various medical applications, mainly in orthopedics and dentistry due to its close similarities with the inorganic mineral component of bone and teeth. This study aims to synthesize hydroxyapatite from duck eggshell using the precipitation method. The duck eggshell was calcined, hydrated (slaking) and underwent carbonation to form Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC).  Afterwards, (NH4)2HPO4 was added to produce HAp by varying the molar ratio of Ca/P by 1.67, 1.77 and 1.87 and stirring speed by 200, 250, 300rpm under basic condition (pH 10 – 11). The best results were obtained at a molar ratio of 1.77 with 200rpm stirring speed. Furthermore, the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that its crystals were hexagonal with sizes of 23.062nm, in the absence of other crystalline phases. Therefore, the hydroxyapatite was obtained in the agglomerates form with a specific surface area of ??55.929m2/g.

scholarly journals Efficacy of silver and gold nanoparticles obtained from vermiwash: In vitro study on antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1317-1325
Author(s):  
Latha Rathinam ◽  
S. P. Sevarkodiyone ◽  
J. Pandiarajan
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silver And Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Vitro Effect

Emerging nanobiotechnology has provided innovative techniques to synthesize nanoparticles through biological methods to explore the potentialities of biological sources like phytoextracts, microbes, animal secretions and excretion. This research studies the potential of vermiwash to synthesize the silver and gold nanoparticles and evaluate its in vitro effect of antimicrobial   and antidiabetic activities. The characterization of the nanoparticles was analyzed through various techniques. Ultraviolet (UV)-Visible spectroscopy showed the maximum absorption spectrum at 413 nm for silver and 541 nm for gold nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the reducing agent involved in nanoparticles synthesis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed the size of the silver and gold nanoparticles as 24 nm and 50 nm, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis revealed the elemental composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles that displayed the preferential orientation of the crystals toward the (111) plane.  Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the resazurin assay method.  A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of less than 7.8 µg was observed in Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In the antifungal activity, MIC at 250 µg was noted in Mucor sp. and Candida albicans. Antidiabetic activity was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. IC50 of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity of the silver nanoparticles was noted as 218 and 221 µg/mL, respectively. IC 50 value for the enzymatic assay dose-dependently confirmed the effect. Conclusively biosynthesized nanoparticles from vermiwash showed potential efficiency of antibacterial, antifungal and antidiabetic activities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of The Erosive Potential of Soft Drinks

2007 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 010-013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia Helena de Carvalho Sales-Peres ◽  
Ana Carolina Magalhães ◽  
Maria Aparecida de Andrade Moreira Machado ◽  
Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Glass Electrode ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Enamel Erosion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bovine Enamel

ABSTRACTObjectives: This in vitro study evaluated the capability of different soft drinks (Coca-Cola® -C, Coca- Cola Light® -CL, Guaraná® -G, Pepsi Twist® -P and Sprite Light® -SL) to erode dental enamel, relating the percentage of superficial microhardness change (%SMHC) to concentrations of fluoride and phosphate, buffering capacity and pH of these drinks.Methods: The soft drinks were evaluated in respect to concentration of phosphate and fluoride spectrophotometrically using Fiske, Subarrow method and by specific electrode (Orion 9609), respectively. The pH and the buffering capacity were determined by glass electrode and by estimating of the volume of NaOH necessary to change the pH of the drink in one unit, respectively. One hundred specimens of bovine enamel were randomly assigned to 5 groups of 20 each. They were exposed to 4 cycles of demineralisation in the beverage and remineralisation in artificial saliva. The softening of enamel was evaluated by %SMHC.Results: The mean %SMHC was:C=77.27%, CL= 72.45%, SL=78.43%, G=66.65% and P=67.95%. Comparing the %SMHC promoted by 5 soft drinks, SL = C > CL > P = G (P<.05). There was not significant correlation between %SMHC and the other variables tested for the five drinks (P>>.05)Conclusions: The five soft drinks caused surface softening of enamel (erosion). In respect to the chemical variables tested, despite not statistically significant, the pH seems to have more influence on the erosive potential of these drinks. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:10-13)

Loading of siRNA on Magnetic PLL-Fe2O3@SiO2 Nanocomposites and their Transfection In Vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 1053 ◽  
pp. 444-449
Author(s):  
Xue Wen Cui ◽  
Gang Cheng ◽  
Rui Jiang Liu ◽  
Li Wei Wang ◽  
Yan Shuai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sd Rat ◽  
Gene Carriers ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Co Precipitation

The magnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method with FeCl3 and NaOH as starting reagents. The surface of Fe2O3 nanoparticles was modified with tetraethyl orthosilicate. Fe2O3@SiO2 nanocomposites were calcined at 600 °C. The nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The PLL-Fe2O3@SiO2 (SMNP) was prepared by modifying with poly-L-lysine on the surface. The SMNP combined with plasmid siRNA by static electrical charges as one of gene carriers was transfected into SD rat neurons. The results of fluorescence microscope and Prussian blue staining show that SMNP can effectively enter cells. Therefore, SMNP are one kind of novel and effective gene carriers, it can transfect the plasmid which carries the siRNA into SD rats neurons in vitro.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Assessment of the Acid Resistance Characteristics of Nanohydroxyapatite/Silica Biocomposite Synthesized Using Mechanochemistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sandile Cromwell Mkhize ◽  
Stanley Chibuzor Onwubu ◽  
Mbuso Mlambo ◽  
Phumlane Selby Mdluli
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanochemical Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Bovine Enamel

This paper reports on the in vitro assessment of the acid resistance characteristics of mesoporous silica/nanohydroxyapatite (MSN@nHAp) biocomposite synthesized through the mechanochemical method. Bovine enamel models were used to study the acid resistance characteristics of the composite ( n = 5 ). X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface morphology of the MSN@nHAp. The XRD and FTIR results confirmed the successful syntheses and surface modification of nanohydroxyapatite with silica. The MSN@nHAp exhibits superior acid resistance characteristics. The salient aspect of this study suggests that mechanochemistry is a useful technique in the synthesis and surface modification of valuable biomaterials. The study concludes that the MSN@nHAp composite could be utilised in toothpaste formulation for oral healthcare management due to its acid resistance properties.

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