Karyotype Evolution and Phylogenetic Relationships of Cricetulus sokolovi Orlov et Malygin 1988 (Cricetidae, Rodentia) Inferred from Chromosomal Painting and Molecular Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Poplavskaya ◽  
Svetlana A. Romanenko ◽  
Natalia A. Serdyukova ◽  
Vladimir A. Trifonov ◽  
Fengtang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Chromosomal Change ◽  
Cytogenetic Data ◽  
Dwarf Hamster ◽  
Cross Species Chromosome Painting

Sokolov's dwarf hamster (Cricetulus sokolovi) is the least studied representative of the striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis species group), the taxonomy of which remains controversial. The species was described based on chromosome morphology, but neither the details of the karyotype nor the phylogenetic relationships with other Cricetulus are known. In the present study, the karyotype of C. sokolovi was examined using cross-species chromosome painting. Molecular and cytogenetic data were employed to determine the phylogenetic position of Sokolov's hamster and to analyze the potential pathways of chromosome evolution in Cricetulus. Both the chromosome and molecular data support the species status of Sokolov's hamster. Phylogenetic analysis of the CYTB data placed C. sokolovi as sister to all other striped hamsters (sequence divergence of 8.1%). FISH data revealed that the karyotype of C. sokolovi is highly rearranged, with the most parsimonious scenario of its origin implying at least 4 robertsonian events and a centromere shift. Comparative cytogenetic data on Cricetinae suggest that their evolutionary history includes both periods of chromosomal conservatism and episodes of rapid chromosomal change.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships among extinct and extant turtles: the position of Pleurodira and the effects of the fossils on rooting crown-group turtles

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Sterli
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
Rapid Radiation ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Origin And Evolution

The origin and evolution of the crown-group of turtles (Cryptodira + Pleurodira) is one of the most interesting topics in turtle evolution, second perhaps only to the phylogenetic position of turtles among amniotes. The present contribution focuses on the former problem, exploring the phylogenetic relationships of extant and extinct turtles based on the most comprehensive phylogenetic dataset of morphological and molecular data analyzed to date. Parsimony analyses were conducted for different partitions of data (molecular and morphological) and for the combined dataset. In the present analysis, separate analyses of the molecular data always retrieve Pleurodira allied to Trionychia. Separate analysis of the morphological dataset, by contrast, depicts a more traditional arrangement of taxa, with Pleurodira as the sister group of Cryptodira, being Chelonioidea the most basal cryptodiran clade. The simultaneous analysis of all available data retrieves all major extant clades as monophyletic, except for Cryptodira given that Pleurodira is retrieved as the sister group of Trionychia. The paraphyly of Cryptodira is an unorthodox result, and is mainly caused by the combination of two factors. First, the molecular signal allies Pleurodira and Trionychia. Second, the morphological data with extinct taxa locates the position of the root of crown-group Testudines in the branch leading to Chelonioidea. This study highlights major but poorly explored topics of turtle evolution: the alternate position of Pleurodira and the root of crown turtles. The diversification of crown turtles is characterized by the presence of long external branches and short internal branches (with low support for the internal nodes separating the major clades of crown turtles), suggesting a rapid radiation of this clade. This rapid radiation is also supported by the fossil record, because soon after the appearance of the oldest crown-group turtles (Middle-Late Jurassic of Asia) the number and diversity of turtles increases remarkably. This evolutionary scenario of a rapid diversification of modern turtles into the major modern lineages is likely the reason for the difficulty in determining the interrelationships and the position of the root of crown-group turtles.

Phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical Pristimantis leptolophus species group (Anura: Craugastoridae): molecular approach and description of a new polymorphic species 

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4242 (2) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
MAURICIO RIVERA-CORREA ◽  
CARLOS JIMÉNEZ-RIVILLAS ◽  
JUAN M. DAZA
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Polymorphic Species ◽  
Species Groups

Pristimantis, distributed throughout the New World tropics, is the most speciose vertebrate genus. Pristimantis presents an enormous morphological diversity and is currently divided into several demonstrably non-monophyletic phenetic species groups. With the purpose of increasing our understanding of Pristimantis systematics, we present the first phylogenetic analysis using molecular evidence to test the monophyly and infer evolutionary relationships within the Pristimantis leptolophus group, an endemic group of frogs from the highlands of the Colombian Andes. Our phylogenetic reconstruction recovers the group as monophyletic with high support, indicating general concordance between molecular data and morphological data. In addition, we describe a new polymorphic species lacking conspicuous tubercles, a regular attribute among species of the P. leptolophus species group and endemic from the Páramo de Sonsón complex (Antioquia, Colombia). The phylogenetic position of the new species is inferred and other systematic implications in the light of our results are discussed. 

Phylogenetic relationships within the flatworm genus Choeradoplana Graff (Platyhelminthes : Tricladida) inferred from molecular data with the description of two new sympatric species from Araucaria moist forests

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Lemos ◽  
G. P. Cauduro ◽  
V. H. Valiati ◽  
A. M. Leal-Zanchet
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Moist Forest ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Forest C

The genus Choeradoplana encompasses 11 species, nine of which have a restricted distribution and are only known from their type localities. Herein we describe two new species of Choeradoplana from Araucaria moist forests, C. minima, sp. nov. Lemos & Leal-Zanchet and C. benyai, sp. nov. Lemos & Leal-Zanchet, based on morphological and molecular data, and use two molecular markers to investigate their phylogenetic relationships with other species in the genus, including its type species. Both morphological and molecular analyses clearly distinguish C. minima, sp. nov., C. benyai, sp. nov. and C. iheringi. The analyses of the ITS-1, COI and sequence divergence data also indicated that C. benyai, sp. nov. is more closely related to the type species of the genus, C. iheringi, than to C. minima, sp. nov. The three species are sympatric in Araucaria moist forest areas of the São Francisco de Paula National Forest; C. minima, sp. nov. and C. benyai, sp. nov. seem to be endemic to their type localities. Regarding external morphology, C. benyai, sp. nov. and C. iheringi could be considered cryptic species, only distinguishable on the basis of the copulatory apparatus. However, immature specimens of C. benyai, sp. nov. and C. iheringi could only be identified based on molecular data. Our results demonstrate that COI should be used with caution for reconstructing phylogenies, and other slower-evolving nuclear genes are a feasible alternative for resolving some of the phylogenetic relationships.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic position of Dendropsophus gaucheri (Lescure and Marty 2000) highlights the need for an in-depth investigation of the phylogenetic relationships of Dendropsophus (Anura: Hylidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3035 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTOINE FOUQUET ◽  
BRICE P. NOONAN ◽  
MICHEL BLANC ◽  
VICTOR GOYANNES DILL ORRICO
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Guiana Shield ◽  
Mtdna Sequences ◽  
Species Groups

Dendropsophus gaucheri is a recently described species which inhabits open areas of the eastern part of the Guiana Shield and is currently assigned to the D. parviceps species group based on the presence of a subocular cream spot. Herein we investigate its phylogenetic position including material from the type locality and newly documented populations from Suriname and Brazil based on mtDNA sequences. The species, as well as D. riveroi which is assigned to the D. minimus species group, were recovered nested within the D. microcephalus species group which implies the paraphyly of the three Dendropsophus species groups. Such result, along with other evidences, highlights the need for a thorough revision of the genus. The genetic distances among D. gaucheri samples studied are low confirming their conspecificity and suggesting recent connections among populations from open areas currently isolated by rainforest in the lowlands of the Guiana Shield.

A new predatory leech from Vietnam (Hirudinida : Arhynchobdellida : Salifidae): its phylogenetic position with comments on the classification of the family

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Nakano ◽  
Son Truong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time

The family Salifidae is a predaceous leech taxon in the suborder Erpobdelliformes. Although Salifidae is widely distributed in the African, Oriental, Indo-Malayan, Sino-Japanese and Australasian regions, the phylogenetic relationships of the family Salifidae have never been tested using molecular data obtained from leeches collected from the family distributional range. A salifid species was collected for the first time in Vietnam, and relevant morphological and molecular data are presented here. Because the Vietnamese salifid species possesses unique morphological characteristics among the known salifid species, this species is herein described as a new species, Salifa motokawai, sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear 18S rRNA and histone H3, as well as mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, tRNACys, tRNAMet, 12S rRNA, tRNAVal, 16S rRNA, tRNALeu and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 markers demonstrate that the Vietnamese salifid species is a close congener with the African Salifa perspicax and the Malagasy Linta be. Furthermore, molecular data revealed non-monophyly of the Asian salifid leeches. According to the observed phylogenetic relationships and morphological characteristics of the Vietnamese Salifa motokawai, sp. nov., the current classification of salifid taxa should be revised.

A new pygmy squid, Idiosepius hallami n. sp. (Cephalopoda: Idiosepiidae) from eastern Australia and elevation of the southern endemic ‘notoides’ clade to a new genus, Xipholeptos n. gen.

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4369 (4) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
AMANDA L. REID ◽  
JAN M. STRUGNELL
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Australasian Region

A new species of pygmy squid, Idiosepius hallami n. sp., is described from eastern Australia. It differs from I. notoides Berry, 1921 and I. pygmaeus Steenstrup, 1881 (also found in Australian waters) in a number of traits, including the number of club suckers, shape of the funnel-mantle locking apparatus and the modification of the male hectocotylus. Mitochondrial DNA markers (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) indicate that it is also distinct on a molecular level. The new Australian species is also recognised as the taxon from Stradbroke I., Queensland for which the entire mitochondrial genome has been sequenced (Hall et al. 2014). Idiosepius hallami n. sp. is compared with all nominal Idiosepius Steenstrup, 1881 and a current summary of Idiosepius systematics is provided as a basis for future studies. Based on our analyses, we propose the elevation of the ‘notoides’ clade to the new genus Xipholeptos n. gen., retaining Idiosepius as the genetic epithet for all other nominal idiosepiids. This is supported by: monophyly of the two lineages based on molecular data sets, the level of sequence divergence between these lineages, and morphological differences. The ‘notoides’ clade is endemic to southern Australia and its basal phylogenetic position suggests that the family may have originated in the Australasian region. Idiosepiids are found in seagrass beds and among mangroves—among the most threatened ecosystems in the world. 

Phylogenetic Relationships in the Salicornioideae / Suaedoideae / Salsoloideae s.l. (Chenopodiaceae) Clade and a Clarification of the Phylogenetic Position of Bienertia and Alexandra Using Multiple DNA Sequence Datasets

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim V. Kapralov ◽  
Hossein Akhani ◽  
Elena V. Voznesenskaya ◽  
Gerald Edwards ◽  
Vincent Franceschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Regions

The Chenopodiaceae includes taxa with both C3 and C4 photosynthesis with diverse kinds of Kranz anatomy and single-celled C4 species without Kranz anatomy; thus, it is of key importance for understanding evolution of C4 photosynthesis. All of the C4 genera except Atriplex, which belongs to Chenopodioideae, are in the Salicornioideae / Suaedoideae / Salsoloideae s.l. (including Camphorosmeae and Sclerolaeneae) clade. Our study focused on the relationships of the main lineages within this clade with an emphasis on the placement of the single cell functioning C4 genus Bienertia using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal ITS and five chloroplast DNA regions (atpB-rbcL, matK, psbB-psbH, rbcL, and trnL-trnF). Further we provide a detailed phylogeny of Alexandra and Suaeda based on ITS, atpB-rbcL, and psbB-psbH. Our molecular data provide strong statistical support for the monophyly of: (1) a Salicornioideae / Suaedoideae / Salsoloideae s.l. clade; (2) a Salicornioideae / Suaedoideae clade; (3) the subfamilies Salicornioideae, Suaedoideae (including Bienertia) and Salsoloideae s.l.; (4) the tribes Suaedeae, Salsoleae, and Camphorosmeae; (5) the Salicornieae if Halopeplideae is included; and (6) Suaeda if Alexandra is included. Alexandra lehmannii is therefore reclassified as Suaeda lehmannii and a new section of Suaeda is created, section Alexandra. There are four independent origins of C4 photosynthesis within the Suaedoideae including two parallel origins of Kranz C4 anatomy (in Suaeda sections Salsina s.l. and Schoberia) and two independent origins of C4 systems without Kranz anatomy (in Bienertia and in Suaeda section Borszczowia).

A new species of Hyloscirtus (Anura, Hylidae) from the Colombian and Venezuelan slopes of Sierra de Perijá, and the phylogenetic position of Hyloscirtus jahni (Rivero, 1961)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4382 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERNANDO J. M. ROJAS-RUNJAIC ◽  
EDWIN E. INFANTE-RIVERO ◽  
PATRICIA E. SALERNO ◽  
FABIO LEONARDO MEZA-JOYA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Hyloscirtus, belonging to the H. bogotensis species Group, is described from the Venezuelan and Colombian slopes of the Sierra de Perijá. The new species can be readily distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: mental gland present, disc-shaped and small; ulnar, outer, and inner tarsal folds present; calcar tubercle absent; whitish stripes on external border of upper eyelids and supratympanic folds, longitudinally on the mid-dorsum, on supracloacal fold, outer ulnar folds, inner and outer tarsal folds, and also on dorsal internal surface of shanks. We estimate phylogenetic relationships based on mtDNA (spanning fragments of 12S rRNA, tRNA-Val and 16S rRNA), of all Hyloscirtus species available in Genbank, as well as the new species described herein, H. callipeza, H. jahni, and H. platydactylus, all of which have not been previously sequenced. Our molecular data support the hypothesis of the new species as sister species of H. callipeza and indicates that H. jahni does not belong to the H. bogotensis species Group, but rather is sister species of all other Hyloscirtus (sensu Faivovich et al. 2005). Based on this last result we propose a new species group for H. jahni and the synonymy of Colomascirtus in Hyloscirtus. We also provide the first description of the advertisement call of H. callipeza. With the new species described herein, the number of Hyloscirtus species increases to 37. 

Phylogenetic relationships of the spider family Psechridae inferred from molecular data, with comments on the Lycosoidea (Arachnida : Araneae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Bayer ◽  
Axel L. Schönhofer
Keyword(s):  
Close Relation ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Juvenile Specimen ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Morphological Species

We investigated the relative phylogenetic position of the spider genera Psechrus Thorell, 1878 and Fecenia Simon, 1887 comprising the family Psechridae Simon, 1890 within the order Araneae (plus 50 outgroup taxa) using molecular data of the nuclear 28S rRNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. We further revised the placement of genera formerly hypothesised in Psechridae and tested morphological species and species-group hypotheses recently proposed for Psechrus and Fecenia. Our results showed both genera as monophyletic and included within Lycosoidea but indicated no support for a monophyletic family Psechridae. Support for relationships to particular genera of other families (Lycosidae, Pisauridae) was found to be equally low. Previous removal of the genera Stiphidion Simon, 1902, Poaka Forster & Wilton, 1973, Tengella Dahl, 1901 (Metafecenia F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) and Themacrys Simon, 1906 from Psechridae is confirmed by recovering most of them outside Lycosoidea. For Tengella (part of Lycosoidea) a close relation to Psechridae is not supported. In the species-rich genus Psechrus, morphologically predefined species groups were generally recovered as monophyletic. COI information was applied to test the morphological species hypotheses for 28 Psechridae species, most of them represented by more than one specimen. Our analyses corroborated all proposed species and indicated COI as reliable for barcoding both Psechrus and Fecenia. COI enabled assignment of a juvenile specimen to Fecenia protensa, establishing the first species record for Brunei.

Phylogenetic position of the crustose Stereocaulon species

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip HÖGNABBA ◽  
Raquel PINO-BODAS ◽  
Anders NORDIN ◽  
Leena MYLLYS ◽  
Soili STENROOS
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Spore Type ◽  
Direct Optimization ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
First Time

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships of Stereocaulon with emphasis on the crustose taxa were studied based on nuclear ribosomal ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 and partial beta-tubulin sequences. The placement of four of the six crustose species currently included in the genus has previously been confirmed based on molecular data. It has, however, remained unresolved whether the crustose growth form is a plesiomorphic or apomorphic feature within Stereocaulon, due to contradictory placements of the crustose species in earlier studies. The aim of this study was to clarify the position of the crustose species by including additional data, especially of S. nivale and S. plicatile, which have not been included in previous analyses. The inclusion of S. plicatile in the genus is of particular interest as it is the only species in the genus with submurifrom to muriform ascospores. Altogether 37 specimens representing 31 species of the ingroup, including all the crustose Stereocaulon species, were incorporated in the analyses. Conventional, as well as direct optimization parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses were performed. The results show that the crustose species do not form a monophyletic entity and that the crustose growth form is a plesiomorphic feature within Stereocaulon. The crustose S. nivale and S. plicatile are nested within the genus and their inclusion in Stereocaulon is thereby confirmed. The nested position of S. plicatile indicates that the submuriform to muriform spore type has been gained independently within the genus. Here, S. plicatile is also reported for the first time from Scandinavia.

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