Phylogenetic relationships of the spider family Psechridae inferred from molecular data, with comments on the Lycosoidea (Arachnida : Araneae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Bayer ◽  
Axel L. Schönhofer
Keyword(s):  
Close Relation ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Juvenile Specimen ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Morphological Species

We investigated the relative phylogenetic position of the spider genera Psechrus Thorell, 1878 and Fecenia Simon, 1887 comprising the family Psechridae Simon, 1890 within the order Araneae (plus 50 outgroup taxa) using molecular data of the nuclear 28S rRNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. We further revised the placement of genera formerly hypothesised in Psechridae and tested morphological species and species-group hypotheses recently proposed for Psechrus and Fecenia. Our results showed both genera as monophyletic and included within Lycosoidea but indicated no support for a monophyletic family Psechridae. Support for relationships to particular genera of other families (Lycosidae, Pisauridae) was found to be equally low. Previous removal of the genera Stiphidion Simon, 1902, Poaka Forster & Wilton, 1973, Tengella Dahl, 1901 (Metafecenia F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) and Themacrys Simon, 1906 from Psechridae is confirmed by recovering most of them outside Lycosoidea. For Tengella (part of Lycosoidea) a close relation to Psechridae is not supported. In the species-rich genus Psechrus, morphologically predefined species groups were generally recovered as monophyletic. COI information was applied to test the morphological species hypotheses for 28 Psechridae species, most of them represented by more than one specimen. Our analyses corroborated all proposed species and indicated COI as reliable for barcoding both Psechrus and Fecenia. COI enabled assignment of a juvenile specimen to Fecenia protensa, establishing the first species record for Brunei.

Phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical Pristimantis leptolophus species group (Anura: Craugastoridae): molecular approach and description of a new polymorphic species 

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4242 (2) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
MAURICIO RIVERA-CORREA ◽  
CARLOS JIMÉNEZ-RIVILLAS ◽  
JUAN M. DAZA
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Polymorphic Species ◽  
Species Groups

Pristimantis, distributed throughout the New World tropics, is the most speciose vertebrate genus. Pristimantis presents an enormous morphological diversity and is currently divided into several demonstrably non-monophyletic phenetic species groups. With the purpose of increasing our understanding of Pristimantis systematics, we present the first phylogenetic analysis using molecular evidence to test the monophyly and infer evolutionary relationships within the Pristimantis leptolophus group, an endemic group of frogs from the highlands of the Colombian Andes. Our phylogenetic reconstruction recovers the group as monophyletic with high support, indicating general concordance between molecular data and morphological data. In addition, we describe a new polymorphic species lacking conspicuous tubercles, a regular attribute among species of the P. leptolophus species group and endemic from the Páramo de Sonsón complex (Antioquia, Colombia). The phylogenetic position of the new species is inferred and other systematic implications in the light of our results are discussed. 

Conflict and congruence between morphological and molecular data: revision of the Merodon constans group (Diptera : Syrphidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ante Vujić ◽  
Snežana Radenković ◽  
Laura Likov ◽  
Andrijana Andrić ◽  
Marina Janković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
The Status ◽  
Data Revision

We revise the Merodon constans species group of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae), provide morphological diagnosesand descriptions, as well as an illustrated key and a discussion on the different taxonomic characters used. In total, 15 species were studied, their geographic distributions are presented on maps, and nine new species are described. Two species are redefined and neotypes are designated, lectotypes are designated for five species, and onespeciesis reinstated as valid. Following a detailed study of type material in different entomological collections, the status of several species is revised and three new synonymies are proposed. The M. constans species group was resolved as being monophyletic within the M. albifrons lineage based on molecular analyses using COI and 28S rRNA gene sequences. Three species morphologically similar to M. constans (Rossi, 1794) but occurring outside its distributional rangewere supported as being valid and distinct species on the basis of molecular data, but they were not distinguishable based on morphological characters. By contrast, continental populations of M. analis Meigen, 1822 could not be separated from Mediterranean M. constans based on differences in COI or 28S rRNA genes. The same molecular markers could not discriminate between two other species pairs. We conclude that these molecular markers only partially resolve species within the M. constans group. Geometric morphometry of wing shape successfully separated M. analis and M. constans, as well as M. spineus Vujić, Šašić Zorić & Likov, sp. nov. in both species and population analyses.

scholarly journals A taxonomic review of the Palpada ruficeps species group, with the description of a new flower fly from Colombia (Diptera: Syrphidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1741 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIMO MENGUAL ◽  
F. CHRISTIAN THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Flower Flies ◽  
A New Species

A new species of flower flies, Palpada prietorum Mengual spec. nov. (Diptera: Syrphidae: Eristalinae) is described from Cali, Colombia. The new species belongs to the ruficeps subgroup in the vinetorum species group. An identification key is provided for the species of the ruficeps subgroup, as well as a comparison of morphological diagnostic characters to separate these taxa. Fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, the D2-3 region of the nuclear 28S rRNA gene and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) are supplied for two species, Palpada prietorum spec. nov. and Palpada ruficeps (Macquart, 1842).

scholarly journals Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverflies species

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Likov ◽  
Ante Vujić ◽  
Nataša Kočiš Tubić ◽  
Mihajla Đan ◽  
Nevena Veličković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Diagnostic Key ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

The putative monophyly and systematic position of Merodon nigritarsis group was assessed based on morphological and molecular data of the mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rRNA genes. The previously reported concept of the group has been redefined, and M. crassifemoris Paramonov, 1925 is now excluded. The related M. avidus group is redefined here, including the Merodon avidus complex and M. femoratus Sack, 1913. Species delimitation of morphologically defined species of M. nigritarsis group was well supported by COI gene analysis, with the exception of M. alagoezicus Paramonov, 1925 and M. lucasi Hurkmans, 1993. Descriptions are given for three new species of the M. nigritarsis species group: Merodon cohurnus Vujić, Likov et Radenković sp. n., Merodon longisetus Vujić, Radenković et Likov sp. n. and Merodon obstipus Vujić, Radenković et Likov sp. n., and one new species from the M. avidus group: Merodon rutitarsis Likov, Vujić et Radenković sp. n. A lectotype is designated for M. femoratus Sack, 1913, and two new synonymies of this species were proposed: M. biarcuatus Curran, 1939 and M. elegans Hurkmans, 1993. Here we review 18 species from the M. nigritarsis group and six species from the M. avidus group and provide morphological diagnoses of the species groups. Additionally, diagnosis of 12 branches (groups or individual taxa) of M. avidus-nigritarsis lineage, an illustrated diagnostic key for the males, and distribution map are provided for the new species.

Description of a new species of Auriculostoma (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) from Characidium heirmostigmata (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from Argentina, using morphological and molecular data

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Montes ◽  
J. Barneche ◽  
Y. Croci ◽  
D. Balcazar ◽  
A. Almirón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Parasitological Survey ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

Abstract During a parasitological survey of fishes at Iguazu National Park, Argentina, specimens belonging to the allocreadiid genus Auriculostoma were collected from the intestine of Characidium heirmostigmata. The erection of the new species is based on a unique combination of morphological traits as well as on phylogenetic analysis. Auriculostoma guacurarii n. sp. resembles four congeneric species – Auriculostoma diagonale, Auriculostoma platense, Auriculostoma tica and Auriculostoma totonacapanensis – in having smooth and oblique testes, but can be distinguished by a combination of several morphological features, hosts association and geographic distribution. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from both A. diagonale and A. platense by the egg size (bigger in the first and smaller in the last); from A. tica by a shorter body length, the genital pore position and the extension of the caeca; and from A. totonacapanensis by the size of the oral and ventral sucker and the post-testicular space. Additionally, one specimen of Auriculostoma cf. stenopteri from the characid Charax stenopterus (Characiformes) from La Plata River, Argentina, was sampled and the partial 28S rRNA gene was sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that A. guacurarii n. sp. clustered with A. tica and these two as sister taxa to A. cf. stenopteri. The new species described herein is the tenth species in the genus and the first one parasitizing a member of the family Crenuchidae.

Six new species of Heteropriapulus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from South American fishes with an amended diagnosis to the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4290 (3) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALINE ANGELINA ACOSTA ◽  
LIDIANE FRANCESCHINI ◽  
ALINE CRISTINA ZAGO ◽  
TOMÁŠ SCHOLZ ◽  
REINALDO JOSÉ DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Accessory Piece ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
South American ◽  
Unique Shape

Heteropriapulus Kritsky, 2007 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae), which originally included only two species from the gills of loricariid catfishes, is reviewed and six newly described species from loricariids in the Paraná River basin in Brazil are added. Diagnosis of the genus is amended and a key to the species identification is provided. Heteropriapulus anchoradiatus n. sp. from Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii (Holmberg) (Hypostominae) differs from its congeners by having a long sclerotized vagina, ventral anchors with short shaft and conspicuous superficial root, and a conspicuous and robust postero-medial process on the dorsal bar; H. bitomus n. sp. from the same fish host differs by the presence of two pairs of sclerotized patches associated with the ventral anchors; H. falxus n. sp. from Hypostomus strigaticeps (Regan) (Hypostominae) and Hypostomus ancistroides (Ihering) (Hypostominae) is unique by the shape of the accessory piece composed of two strongly sclerotized subunits; H. microcleithrus n. sp. from P. ambrosettii differs by presenting the smallest length of the dorsal bar and unique shape of the longer subunit of the accessory piece resembling the ‘hammer and sickle’ shape; H. pterygoplichthyi n. sp. from the same host presents unique shape of the longer subunit of the accessory piece of the cirrus, which is represented by ‘two sickles’ jointed by the base; and H. semitortus n. sp. from Rhinelepis aspera Spix & Agassiz (Rhinelepinae) can be distinguished by the accessory piece composed of a single straight unit and a cirrus tube with the highest number of spiral rings at the proximal end (2½). First molecular data for this genus (partial sequences of the 28S rRNA gene) are provided including the type species H. heterotylus (Jogunoori, Kritsky & Venkatanarasaiah, 2004).  

Review of the genus Phormidesmis (Cyanobacteria) based on environmental, morphological, and molecular data with description of a new genus Leptodesmis

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 395 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
LENKA RAABOVÁ ◽  
LUBOMIR KOVACIK ◽  
JOSEF ELSTER ◽  
OTAKAR STRUNECKÝ
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Taxonomic Methods ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Definition Of

Very thin filamentous cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in a wide range of environments. For many years they were traditionally studied according to their morphological properties only. With the introduction of additional taxonomic methods (cytomorphological analyses, molecular sequencing, exact ecological studies, better data about phytogeographical distribution), traditional genera such as Leptolyngbya and Phormidium were found to be polyphyletic. Phormidesmis belonged to a newly formed genus that was supposed to explain the variability of such very thin simple filamentous cyanobacteria. However, even after definition of Phormidesmis based on distinct cytomorphological and phylogenetic traits, the variability within this genus remained unresolved. Here we analyzed 26 Phormidesmis strains to describe the variability within this genus, classified two new species (P. arctica and P. communis) and transferred Leptolyngbya nigrescens into P. nigrescens. A tabular review of Phormidesmis species is included. The diacritical features of all these species are: width up to 1–4 µm, barrel-shaped cells, which can be shorter or slightly longer than wide, with apparent constrictions at the cross-walls. Our study shows that Phormidesmis is a morphologically and genetically well-defined genus with a global distribution. A newly described genus Leptodesmis has significant morphological similarities both with Phormidesmis and Leptolyngbya, however with intermediate phylogenetic position with significant divergence in 16S rRNA gene. Leptodesmis is cryptic both to Phormidesmis and Leptolyngbya. In the initial part of the life cycle resembles Leptolyngbya, the appearance of older trichomes change to Phormidesmis like morphology.

scholarly journals Molecular and morphological characterisation of Xiphinema granatum n. sp. and Longidorus pisi Edward, Misra & Singh, 1964 (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Iran

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 949-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Pedram ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Juan E. Palomares-Rius ◽  
Razieh Ghaemi ◽  
Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characterisation ◽  
28S Rrna Gene ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Female Genital

Xiphinema granatum n. sp. from pomegranate in Saveh, Markazi province, central Iran, is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to species group 8 of the genus Xiphinema sensu Loof & Luc, 1990. The new species is characterised by a body 3.5-4.1 mm long, 37-49 μm diam., odontostyle and odontophore 118-132 and 65-74 μm long, respectively, presence of sperm in the female genital tracts, uterus devoid of any Z-differentiation or spines, and abundant males with spicules 45-58 μm long. The polytomous identification codes of the new species are: A4, B4, C5a, D5, E56, F4, G23, H2, I3, J4, K2, L2. Beside morphological and morphometric data, molecular analyses of D2-D3 fragments of 28S rRNA gene placed the new species in close relationship with X. vuittenezi and X. italiae and some species belonging to Xiphinema morphospecies group 6, but clearly separated from X. index. In addition, an Iranian population of Longidorus pisi from the same locality is morphologically and molecularly characterised.

Taxonomic review of the genus Meleonoma Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Autostichidae), with a checklist of all the described species

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4763 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHUXIA WANG ◽  
XIAOJU ZHU ◽  
BAIXUE ZHAO ◽  
XIAOFEI YANG
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Groups

Meleonoma Meyrick, 1914 is treated as a genus of the family Autostichidae based on the recent study. Fifty species are transferred from the genus Cryptolechia to Meleonoma, and eight Meleonoma species groups are proposed for the taxonomic convenience based on both molecular data and morphological study. Eight species groups include: the malacobyrsa group, the segregnatha group, the annulignatha group, the fasciptera group, the jigongshanica group, the dentivalvata group, the facialis group, and the acutiuscula group. Diagnostic characters and representative illustrations of each species group are provided. A discussion on the proposed species groups is given, and a checklist of all the 88 described Meleonoma species is provided. 

Towards a phylogeny of Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae). Is morphology alone sufficient to reconstruct the genealogical relationship?

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjørn Ekrem
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Chironomid Species ◽  
Genealogical Relationship ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Male Pupa

AbstractA phylogenetic analysis of species potentially belonging to the Tanytarsus eminulus, gregarius, mendax and lugens species groups is performed using morphological characters from the adult male, pupa and larva. The results show that morphological characters do not support the postulated monophyly of the eminulus, gregarius, lugens and mendax group combined in unweighted parsimony analyses, and that a constraint based on unique synapomorphies and evidence from molecular data have to be used in order to produce cladograms with reasonable topologies. Four reasons for this are discussed: Few taxa, few characters, choice of secondary outgroup taxa and a high amount of homoplasy in the data set. A hierarchial analysis procedure is used to avoid the numerous question marks in the complete data matrix. In the preferred tree, the traditional species groups within Tanytarsus are kept, and one new species group, the mcmillani group, comprising only old Gondwanan species is erected. The results are compared to other recent studies on chironomid species relationships, and comments are given to the zoogeographical patterns of the species in the eminulus, gregarius, lugens, mcmillani and mendax species groups.

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