Tumours of the Upper Urinary Tract Calyces, Renal Pelvis and Ureter

1976 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Mazeman
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract

scholarly journals Renal Pelviceal Keratinizing Squamous Metaplasia with Sparing of Pyramidal Zones

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Richard H. Siderits ◽  
Jared Fingerman ◽  
Anup Hazra ◽  
Cheryl Rimmer ◽  
Marc Colaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Muscularis Mucosa ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
History Of

Metaplastic changes in the urothelium of the upper urinary tract are relatively infrequent. Metaplasia may present as either squamous or less often glandular differentiation. The process may be associated with chronic inflammation or associated chronic infections. There may be malignant transformation to either squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. The demarcation of the metaplastic process in the minor calyces has not been well documented to date. We report the case of a 74-year-old female patient who presented with a history of chronic renal disease and acute pyohydronephrosis. The patient underwent a nephroureterectomy which revealed keratinizing desquamative squamous metaplasia throughout the renal pelvis and upper urinary tract with abrupt termination of metaplasia at the junction of the renal pelvis and the minor calyx (pyramidal zone). Immunohistochemical evaluation documents metaplastic urothelium stained positive for CK5, before converting sharply to simple cuboidal epithelium in the minor calyx (pyramidal zones) which stained positive CK7. At the junction of the metaplastic components and low cuboidal lined minor calyceal surfaces, the underlying stroma showed loss of ureteral muscularis mucosa with transition to renal parenchymal type stroma. We believe that this observation is unique and potentially relevant to the etiology and pathophysiology of pelviceal metaplasia.

scholarly journals A DNA adductome analysis revealed a reduction in the global level of C5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine in the non-tumoral upper urinary tract mucosa of urothelial carcinoma patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuto Matsushita ◽  
Yuji Iwashita ◽  
Shunsuke Ohtsuka ◽  
Ippei Ohnishi ◽  
Takashi Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Dna Adducts ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Abstract Background DNA adducts, covalent modifications to DNA due to exposure to specific carcinogens, cause the mispairing of DNA bases, which ultimately results in DNA mutations. DNA methylation in the promoter region, another type of DNA base modification, alters the DNA transcription process, and has been implicated in carcinogenesis in humans due to the down-regulation of tumor suppressor genes. Difficulties are associated with demonstrating the existence of DNA adducts or chemically modified bases in the human urological system. Apart from aristolochic acid-DNA adducts, which cause urothelial carcinoma and endemic nephropathy in a particular geographical area (Balkan), limited information is currently available on DNA adduct profiles in renal cell carcinoma and upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, including renal pelvic cancer and ureteral cancer. Method To elucidate the significance of DNA adducts in carcinogenesis in the urothelial system, we investigated 53 DNA adducts in the non-tumoral renal parenchyma and non-tumoral renal pelvis of patients with renal cell carcinoma, upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, and other diseases using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. A comparative analysis of tissue types, the status of malignancy, and clinical characteristics, including lifestyle factors, was performed. Results C5-Methyl-2′-deoxycytidine, C5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5hmdC), C5-formyl-2′-deoxycytidine, 2′-deoxyinosine, C8-oxo-2′-deoxyadenosine, and C8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were detected in the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis. 8-OHdG was more frequently detected in the renal pelvis than in the renal cortex and medulla (p = 0.048 and p = 0.038, respectively). 5hmdC levels were significantly lower in the renal pelvis of urothelial carcinoma patients (n = 10) than in the urothelium of patients without urothelial carcinoma (n = 15) (p = 0.010). Regarding 5hmdC levels in the renal cortex and medulla, Spearman’s rank correlation test revealed a negative correlation between age and 5hmdC levels (r = − 0.46, p = 0.018 and r = − 0.45, p = 0.042, respectively). Conclusions The present results revealed a reduction of 5hmdC levels in the non-tumoral urinary tract mucosa of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Therefore, the urothelial cell epithelia of patients with upper urinary tract cancer, even in non-cancerous areas, may be predisposed to urothelial cancer.

scholarly journals Transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: a puzzle

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1585
Author(s):  
Soumish Sengupta ◽  
Supriya Basu ◽  
Kadambari Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Transitional Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Expectant Management ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tuberculosis ◽  
Gross Haematuria

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the upper urinary tract has a puzzling presentation. This is a case report of a 44 year old male with history for smoking 20 pack years presenting with cough, haemoptysis and microscopic haematuria. His sputum was positive for acid fast bacilli. He was treated as pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) but had gross haematuria a month after initiation of anti-tubercular drugs (ATD). He was investigated with computed tomography (CT) imaging and was found to have thickened renal pelvis and ureter. It was initially thought as a case of genito-urinary tuberculosis (GUTB). Expectant management for gross haematuria failed. The patient was stabilised and taken up for open nephroureterectomy under general anaesthesia (GA). Histopathological report suggested it to be high grade TCC of the left renal pelvis extending to upper ureter. He did well with completion of ATD. He was not started on adjuvant chemotherapy for fear of exacerbation of PTB. He is under regular and uneventful follow up in the outpatient department (OPD).  

Multifocal Synchronous Upper Urinary Tract Carcinosarcoma (Sarcomatoid Carcinoma) With Rhabdomyoblastic Differentiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Takemura ◽  
Toru Motoi ◽  
Akiko Tonooka ◽  
Nobuaki Funata ◽  
Yasukazu Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Sarcomatoid Carcinoma ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Radical Nephroureterectomy ◽  
Visceral Metastases ◽  
Neoplastic Stem Cells

Carcinosarcoma of the upper urinary tract is very rare. In this article, we report a case of upper urinary tract carcinosarcoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation showing distinct transition between the epithelial and mesenchymal components confirmed by morphology and immunohistochemistry. An 81-year-old female underwent radical nephroureterectomy under the diagnosis of left ureteral urothelial carcinoma (UC). Multiple invasive tumors showed combined histology with UC and rhabdomyosarcomatous elements (pT2-ureter and pT3-renal pelvis, pN0, u-lt0, ly0, v0, RM0). Each element demonstrated typical epithelial or mesenchymal staining patterns (positive for AE1/AE3 in the former and positive for vimentin and myogenin in the latter). Notably, immunohistochemical transition patterns of GATA-3, p63, SOX2, and myogenin between UC and rhabdomyosarcomatous elements were observed, implying possible involvement of neoplastic stem cells in the process of carcinosarcoma formation. The patient did not receive any adjuvant therapy and eventually succumbed to multiple visceral metastases (lungs and liver) at 11 months postoperatively. No autopsy was performed.

scholarly journals Spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis caused by upper urinary tract obstruction

Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (50) ◽  
pp. e9190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaming Zhang ◽  
Guimin Zhuang ◽  
Dongchong Sun ◽  
Tianxing Deng ◽  
Jiawei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Spontaneous Rupture ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction

scholarly journals Quantitative evaluation of upper urinary tract pump function in pigs with acute unilateral lower ureteral obstruction by 640-slice dynamic volume CT

BMC Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongwen Mao ◽  
Cong Peng ◽  
Song Li ◽  
Liling Chen ◽  
Mengjing You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Ureteral Obstruction ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Acute Obstruction ◽  
Left Ureter ◽  
Pump Function ◽  
Continuous Dynamic ◽  
Volume Ct ◽  
Dynamic Volume Ct

Abstract Background It is a challenging problem to differentiate obstructive hydronephrosis from noninvasive evaluation of renal pelvis and ureteral motility in patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the value of 640-slice dynamic volume CT (DVCT) in the quantitative measurement of upper urinary tract (UUT) pump function after acute unilateral lower ureteral obstruction in pigs. Methods In this study, a perfusion pig model was constructed by constant pressure perfusion testing of the renal pelvis and left nephrostomy. The perfusion and pressure measuring devices were connected to create a state of no obstruction and acute obstruction of the lower part of the left ureter. After successful modelling, continuous dynamic volume scanning of the bilateral renal excretion phase was performed with 640-slice DVCT, and pump functions of the renal pelvis and part of the upper ureter were calculated and analysed. No obstruction or acute obstruction of the lower part of the left ureter was observed. Pump functions of the renal pelvis and part of the upper ureter were determined. Results The results showed that after LUUT fistulostomy, the time difference between the average UUT volume and positive volume value increased gradually, and the calculated flow velocity decreased, which was significantly different from that of the RUUT. The volume difference of the LUUT increased significantly in mild obstruction. In the bilateral control, the volume change rate of the LUUT increased with mild obstruction and decreased with severe obstruction, and there was a significant difference between the left and right sides. Conclusion The continuous dynamic volume scan and measurement of 640-slice DVCT can obtain five pump function datasets of UUT in pigs with acute lower ureteral obstruction.

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