scholarly journals The Versatile Role of microRNA-30a in Human Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1616-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changqian Wang ◽  
Xiang Yang ◽  
Yitian Chen ◽  
Longbang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Prognosis And Prediction

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of noncoding RNA molecules of 20-23 nucleotides length that negatively regulate gene expressions in numerous cellular processes. Through complementary paring with target mRNAs, miRNAs have frequently emerged as dual regulators of cancer development by acting on multiple signaling pathways, thereby act as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of response to treatment. As one of them, miR-30a has been found to act as an onco-suppressor of tumorigenesis pathways through inhibition of cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. Simultaneously, miR-30a plays a progressing role in several types of cancer, determined by relevant target genes as well. In the present review, we summarize recent research regarding miR-30a, including its biological function, expression and regulation, especially focusing on its role in cancer development and progression. Clinically, miR-30a may serve as a potential target in the diagnosis and therapy of human cancer.

scholarly journals lncRNA NORAD Contributes to Colorectal Cancer Progression by Inhibition of miR-202-5p

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1411-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Yan Li ◽  
Ping Hu ◽  
Yuan-Sheng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rna

Previous study indicates that long noncoding RNA NORAD could serve as a competing endogenous RNA to pancreatic cancer metastasis. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) needs to be investigated. In the present study, we found that the expression of NORAD was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues. Furthermore, the expression of NORAD was positively related with CRC metastasis and patients’ poor prognosis. Knockdown of NORAD markedly inhibited CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion but induced cell apoptosis in vitro. In vivo experiments also indicated an inhibitory effect of NORAD on tumor growth. Mechanistically, we found that NORAD served as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-202-5p. We found that there was an inverse relationship between the expression of NORAD and miR-202-5p in CRC tissues. Moreover, overexpression of miR-202-5p in SW480 and HCT116 cells significantly inhibited cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion. Taken together, our study demonstrated that the NORAD/miR-202-5p axis plays a pivotal function on CRC progression.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in endometriosis: biological function and emerging biomarker candidates†

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1167-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bjorkman ◽  
Hugh S Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women ◽  
Delayed Time

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNA molecules, have been recognized as key post-transcriptional regulators associated with a multitude of human diseases. Global expression profiling studies have uncovered hundreds of miRNAs that are dysregulated in several diseases, and yielded many candidate biomarkers. This review will focus on miRNAs in endometriosis, a common chronic disease affecting nearly 10% of reproductive-aged women, which can cause pelvic pain, infertility, and a myriad of other symptoms. Endometriosis has delayed time to diagnosis when compared to other chronic diseases, as there is no current accurate, easily accessible, and noninvasive tool for diagnosis. Specific miRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers for this disease in multiple studies. These and other miRNAs have been linked to target genes and functional pathways in disease-specific pathophysiology. Highlighting investigations into the roles of tissue and circulating miRNAs in endometriosis, published through June 2018, this review summarizes new connections between miRNA expression and the pathophysiology of endometriosis, including impacts on fertility. Future applications of miRNA biomarkers for precision medicine in diagnosing and managing endometriosis treatment are also discussed.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs as Regulator of Signaling Networks in Metastatic Colon Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Yong Du ◽  
Xiaoming Liu ◽  
William C. Cho ◽  
Yinxue Yang
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Signaling Networks ◽  
Metastatic Colon Cancer ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
P53 Signaling ◽  
Colon Cancer Metastasis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, noncoding RNA molecules capable of regulating gene expression translationally and/or transcriptionally. A large number of evidence have demonstrated that miRNAs have a functional role in both physiological and pathological processes by regulating the expression of their target genes. Recently, the functionalities of miRNAs in the initiation, progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance of tumors have gained increasing attentions. Particularly, the alteration of miRNA profiles has been correlated with the transformation and metastasis of various cancers, including colon cancer. This paper reports the latest findings on miRNAs involved in different signaling networks leading to colon cancer metastasis, mainly focusing on miRNA profiling and their roles in PTEN/PI3K, EGFR, TGFβ, and p53 signaling pathways of metastatic colon cancer. The potential of miRNAs used as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets in colon cancer is also discussed.

scholarly journals Investigation and Identification of let-7a Related Functional Proteins in Gastric Carcinoma by Proteomics

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimin Zhu ◽  
Xingyuan Xiao ◽  
Lairong Dong ◽  
Zhiming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gastric Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna

MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules that control expression of target genes. Our previous studies show that let-7a decreased in gastric carcinoma and that up-regulation of let-7a by gene augmentation inhibited gastric carcinoma cell growth bothin vitroandin vivo, whereas it remains largely unclear as to how let-7a affects tumor growth. In this study, proteins associated with the function of let-7a were detected by high throughout screening. The cell line of SGC-7901 stablely overexpressing let-7a was successfully established by gene cloning. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DEy was used to separate the total proteins of SGC-7901/let-7a, SGC-7901/EV and SGC-7901, and PDQuest software was applied to analyze 2-DE images. Ten different protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS, and they may be the proteins associated with let-7a function. The overexpressed proteins included Antioxidant protein 2, Insulin–like growth factor binding protein 2, Protein disulfide isomerase A2, C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor1 (CDKN1) and Rho–GTPase activating protein 4. The underexpressed proteins consisted of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Spk2), Platelet membrane glycoprotein, Fibronectin and Cks1 protein. Furthermore, the different expression levels of the partial proteins (CDKN1, Spk2 and Fibronectin) were confirmed by western blot analysis. The data suggest that these differential proteins are involved in a novel let-7a signal pathway and these findings provide the basis to investigate the functional mechanisms of let-7a in gastric carcinoma.

scholarly journals Applied bioinformatics tools for analysis of Microrna-214 expression and prediction of its potential targets genes in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hoang Danh ◽  
Thieu Hong Hue ◽  
Quang Trong Minh ◽  
K' Trong Nghia ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Tung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Bioinformatics Tools ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cellular Pathways

miRNA (microRNA) are short RNA molecules in length from 20 to 24 nucleotides that have been shown to play an important role in regulating gene expression in many different types of human cancer. Meanwhile, miRNA-214 is one of the known miRNAs involved in the formation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) through overexpression that promotes proliferation and development of cancer cells. However, in Vietnam, the study of miR-214 related to NPC has not been conducted yet. With the aims to develop the further studies of miR-214 on NPC in Vietnamese patients, in this initial study, we conducted the analysis of miR-214 expression in previous publications, as well as the prediction of miR-214 potential target genes, which involved in many cellular pathways. Here we applied bioinformatics tools to predict miRNAs and their targets, and discuss the role of miR-214 in the context of human cancers. As the results, miR-214 acted as the oncogenic roles in NPC, relevanted to many pathways, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and invasion through the its target genes LTF, Bim, Bax, LINC0086, etc. In conclusion, the use of computional approaches facilitate the further experimental validation of miRNAs in general, particularly miR-214, in Vietnamese NPC patients.

scholarly journals Reduction of total E2F/DP activity induces senescence-like cell cycle arrest in cancer cells lacking functional pRB and p53

2005 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayoko Maehara ◽  
Kimi Yamakoshi ◽  
Naoko Ohtani ◽  
Yoshiaki Kubo ◽  
Akiko Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

E2F/DP complexes were originally identified as potent transcriptional activators required for cell proliferation. However, recent studies revised this notion by showing that inactivation of total E2F/DP activity by dominant-negative forms of E2F or DP does not prevent cellular proliferation, but rather abolishes tumor suppression pathways, such as cellular senescence. These observations suggest that blockage of total E2F/DP activity may increase the risk of cancer. Here, we provide evidence that depletion of DP by RNA interference, but not overexpression of dominant-negative form of E2F, efficiently reduces endogenous E2F/DP activity in human primary cells. Reduction of total E2F/DP activity results in a dramatic decrease in expression of many E2F target genes and causes a senescence-like cell cycle arrest. Importantly, similar results were observed in human cancer cells lacking functional p53 and pRB family proteins. These findings reveal that E2F/DP activity is indeed essential for cell proliferation and its reduction immediately provokes a senescence-like cell cycle arrest.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine: Directing Tissue Repair and Cellular Differentiation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost P. G. Sluijter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Vascular Differentiation ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Direct Cell

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short noncoding RNA molecules, approximately 22 nucleotides in length, which regulate gene expression through inhibition of the translation of target genes. It is now generally accepted that miRNAs guide processes and cellular functions through precise titration of gene dosage, not only for a single gene but also controlling the levels of a large cohort of gene products. miRNA expression is altered in cardiovascular disease and may thereby limit and impair cardiovascular repair responses. Increasing evidence of the essential role of miRNAs in the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells suggests the opportunity of using the modulation of miRNA levels or their function in directing cell transplantation, cell behavior, and thereby organ healing. In this paper, an overview of miRNA biogenesis and their way of action and different roles that miRNAs play during the myocardial responses to injury and upon cell transplantation will be provided. We focused on cardiomyocyte survival, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix production, and how miRNAs can direct cell plasticity of injected cells and thus drive differentiation for cardiovascular phenotypes, including vascular differentiation and cardiomyocyte differentiation.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs as Important Players and Biomarkers in Oral Carcinogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjie Min ◽  
Chao Zhu ◽  
Shuping Peng ◽  
Saroj Rajthala ◽  
Daniela Elena Costea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Oral Carcinogenesis ◽  
Significant Attention

Oral cancer, represented mainly by oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is the eighth most common type of human cancer worldwide. The number of new OSCC cases is increasing worldwide, especially in the low-income countries, and the prognosis remains poor in spite of recent advances in the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), 18–25 nucleotides long noncoding RNA molecules, have recently gained significant attention as potential regulators and biomarkers for carcinogenesis. Recent data show that several miRNAs are deregulated in OSCC, and they have either a tumor suppressive or an oncogenic role in oral carcinogenesis. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of miRNAs as tumor promotors or tumor suppressors in OSCC development and discusses their potential value as diagnostic and prognostic markers in OSCC.

scholarly journals Role of MicroRNA-1 in Human Cancer and Its Therapeutic Potentials

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Han ◽  
Zujiang Yu ◽  
Zhenfeng Duan ◽  
Quancheng Kan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Oncogenic Pathways ◽  
Proliferation And Metastasis

While the mechanisms of human cancer development are not fully understood, evidence of microRNA (miRNA, miR) dysregulation has been reported in many human diseases, including cancer. miRs are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in the specific region of gene mRNAs, resulting in downregulation of gene expression. Not only are certain miRs consistently dysregulated across many cancers, but they also play critical roles in many aspects of cell growth, proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and drug resistance. Recent studies from our group and others revealed that miR-1 is frequently downregulated in various types of cancer. Through targeting multiple oncogenes and oncogenic pathways, miR-1 has been demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor gene that represses cancer cell proliferation and metastasis and promotes apoptosis by ectopic expression. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the aberrant expression and functional significance of miR-1 in human cancers and emphasize its significant values for therapeutic potentials.

scholarly journals MicroRNA: Not Far from Clinical Application in Ischemic Stroke

ISRN Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Li ◽  
Yahong Liu ◽  
Zhaojun Wang ◽  
Huajuan Hou ◽  
Ying Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Neuroprotective Agents ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Pathophysiological Process ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
The Brain

Ischemic stroke predominates in all types of stroke and none neuroprotective agents success in the clinical trial. MicroRNAs are small endogenous noncoding RNA molecules that act as negative or positive regulators of gene expressions by binding completely or partially to complementary target sequences in the mRNAs. The genes which could be modulated by microRNAs play a role in the etiology and pathophysiology ischemic stroke. Therefore, microRNAs may have function on ischemic stroke. A lot of previous studies have investigated the roles of microRNAs in the ischemic stroke. This mini review would highlight the recent progress of microRNAs on the ischemic stroke. Accumulating evidence demonstrated that microRNAs contributed to the etiology of ischemic stroke and modulated the pathophysiological process such as brain edema, local inflammation, and apoptosis in the brain tissues after stroke. And we also discussed the potential application of microRNAs in ischemic stroke such as a biomarker of stroke and drug target. In conclusion, microRNAs play an important role in stroke etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy for ischemic stroke. It needs further research to investigate the biological function in ischemic stroke before it enters the clinical practice.

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