scholarly journals Levocarnitine Injections Decrease the Need for Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents in Hemodialysis Patients with Renal Anemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Maruyama ◽  
Terumi Higuchi ◽  
Toshio Yamazaki ◽  
Erina Okawa ◽  
Hideyuki Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Renal Anemia ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Esa Therapy

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of levocarnitine injection for renal anemia in hemodialysis patients. Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, we randomly assigned patients on maintenance hemodialysis at our hospital to receive levocarnitine injections (n = 30) or no injection (n = 30) and monitored the patients during 12 months of treatment. In the treatment group, patients received an injection of levocarnitine 1,000 mg 3 times weekly after hemodialysis sessions. All patients received recombinant human erythropoietin as an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA). Response to ESA therapy was determined by calculating the erythropoietin responsiveness index (ERI; ESA dose·kg-1·g-1· dL-1·week-1). Results: (1) The target levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit were maintained during the study period in both the levocarnitine group and the control group. (2) The dose of ESAs required to maintain these levels decreased gradually in the levocarnitine group and was significantly lower at 6 and 12 months than at study initiation. Furthermore, the dose of ESAs was significantly lower than that in the control group at 12 months. (3) The ERI showed a significant decrease at 6 and 12 months in the levocarnitine group, with a significant difference between the 2 groups at 12 months. Conclusion: Our results suggest that levocarnitine administration can reduce the dose of ESAs required in patients with renal anemia on hemodialysis and improve the response to ESA therapy.

scholarly journals Lycopene supplementation decreases oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients receiving intravenous iron therapy: An open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 205873921882286
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Xu ◽  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Hanyang Ye ◽  
Lingwei Jin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Iron Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intravenous Iron Therapy

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of lycopene on the antioxidant status and the level of homocysteine (HCY) in dialysis patients receiving intravenous iron therapy. A total of 60 hemodialysis patients receiving intravenous iron therapy were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group. Patients in the treatment group (n = 30) received oral lycopene and intravenous iron, while patients in the control group (n = 30) only received intravenous iron therapy. At the initiation of the study, oxidant indexes and HCY concentration were tested. After 8 weeks, all of the laboratory variables were repeatedly evaluated. At the initiation of the study, no significant differences were found in the level of oxidant stress and the level of HCY between two groups. After 8 weeks, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) decreased, while the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and homocystinuria (HCY) increased in both the groups. Besides, the levels of SOD and GSH-px were higher and the level of MDA was lower in the treatment group than in the control group ( P < 0.05, respectively). The level of HCY in the treatment group was relatively low, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. In conclusion, we found that 8-week lycopene supplementation attenuated oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients receiving intravenous iron therapy.

scholarly journals Risk of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Among Whole Blood Transfused Chronic Hemodialysed Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Quader ◽  
Khan Anisul Islam ◽  
Tashmim Farhana Dipta ◽  
Md Ashadul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Transfusion Transmitted Infection ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) have high risks of viral infections and the prevalence of transfusion transmissible viral infection is common among them. The aim of our study was to detect hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis patients and healthy donors and to explore if there was a relationship between duration of hemodialysis and hepatitis B and hepatitis C in our patients. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in a private hemodialysis clinic in Dhaka city with end stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis and an age matched healthy donors as comparable group from July 2015 to June 2016. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), HBsAg and anti HCV were determined along with duration and units of blood transfusion needed by them. Results: Our study showed the mean age of 126 MHD patients were 42.2±11.7 years along with 132 healthy donors as control group had mean age 39.2±9.7 years. Among the hemodialysis patients 34 (26.98%) showed transfusion transmitted infection positivity and in control group 11 (8.33%) showed transfusion transmitted infection positivity with the difference between two study group showed statistical significance (p<o.oo1). History of blood transfusion showed the significant predictor of occurrence of TTV infection in hemodialysis patients (p<0.01). Duration of hemodialysis and seropositivity of TTI was not significant (p>0.05). The number of units of blood transfusion and the TTI positivity also showed no significant difference (p>0.05) with HBsAg (17.46%) and anti HCV (9.52%). Conclusions: The prevalence of TTI in hemodialysis patients is significantly higher than that in healthy individuals. So, the regular screening of HBV and HCV among patients and healthy donors are strictly provided to monitor the communicable disease. Bangladesh J Medicine July 2019; 30(2) : 78-82

scholarly journals Influence of hemoglobin level and dose of administered recombinant human beta erythropoietin on survival of hemodialysis patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 749-755
Author(s):  
Violeta Knezevic ◽  
Aleksandra Milosevic ◽  
Slavenka Vodopivec ◽  
Dusan Bozic ◽  
Ivana Budosan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Duration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

Background/Aim. In patients with end-stage renal disease, treatment with erythropoietin lowers cardiovascular morbidity, improves quality of life and patient survival. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in survival of hemodialysis patients treated with recombinant human beta erythropoietin and patients without this treatment, and to determine the influence of hemoglobin level and erythropoietin dose on the survival of these patients. Method. The study included 291 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, 122 were on erythropoietin therapy, 169 patients formed control group. The study was performed at the Clinic for Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, during a 69-month period. We analyzed basic demographic parameters, dialysis duration, underlying disease, comorbidities, death causes, bloodwork parameters and erythropoietin dosage. Descriptive statistics, Anova, Manova, discriminant function analysis, Cox regressional model and Kaplan Meier survival curves were used as statistical methods. Results. Average age and dialysis duration in the experimental group were 47.88 ? 13.32 years, and 45.76 ? 46.73 months, respectively and in the control group 58.73 ? 12.67 years and 62.80 ? 55.23 months, respectively. Average level of hemoglobin and hematocrit in the group in which erythropoietin had been administered was 11.40 ? 8.39 g/dL and 0.35 ? 0.04/L, while the control group these values were 8.52 ? 7.73 g/dL and 0.26 ? 0.04/L, respectively. Average monthly dosage of erythropoietin was 21 587 ? 10 183.36 IJ/month. Significant difference in survival was determined (p < 0,05) between the stated patient groups. A significant difference (p < 0,05) was found in survival of the patients in which erythropoietin was administered regarding hemoglobin level (< 100 g/L/100-110 g/L/110-120 g/L/ > 120 g/L), as well as in regard of erythropoietin dose applied (< 20 000 IJ/20 000-40 000 IJ/ > 40 000 IJ/month). Conclusion. Best survival was noted in patients with hemoglobin > 120 g/L and erythropoietin dose < 20 000 IJ/month.

Autonomic Neuropathy in Hemodialysis Patients Treated with Recombinant Human Erythropoietin

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 574-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.O. Stojcheva-Taneva ◽  
M.H. Polenakovic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) function was evaluated in hemodialysis patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) before and after therapy, in an effort to evaluate the role of anemia in the genesis of autonomic dysfunction in chronic renal failure (CRF). Studies were conducted using a battery of five cardiovascular reflex tests: Valsalva maneuver, handgrip exercise, heart rate response to standing (30:15 index), post-Valsalva rise in blood pressure and postural drop in blood pressure. The patients were divided into two groups: group I consisted of 14 patients on maintenance hemodialysis treated with rHu-EPO for one year, and group II - 13 hemodialysis patients treated with rHu-EPO for two years. The results of the tests were compared before and after the correction of anemia by rHu-EPO in each group, as well as with the control group of ten healthy subjects. Data show that renal anemia is not implicated in the genesis of ANS dysfunction in hemodialysis patients, since correction of same by rHu-EPO does not improve the autonomic dysfunction.

scholarly journals Slower Progression of Arteriosclerosis in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients with Menaquinone Supplementation: A Perspective Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
Jing Tan ◽  
Dan Xu ◽  
Anxiu Yang ◽  
Ruijun Ren
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Vitamin K2 ◽  
Matrix Gla Protein ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract Objectives To investigate the effects of menaquinone on the progression of arteriosclerosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients, and to provide evidence for the clinical prevention strategy of cardiovascular diseases in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods In this perspective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 107 MHD patients were randomized into Vitamin K2 group (VK2, n = 60) that received vitamin K2(menaquinone) at a dose of 270 μg/d and control group (n = 47). The following measurements were taken at baseline and after 9 months: carotid pulse wave velocity (cPWV) was measured with ultrasound, dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (dp-ucMGP) was tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results After 9 months follow-up, 40 patients from the VK2 group and 38 patients from the control group were included in the analysis. The cPWV values of MHD patients was positively correlated with age (r = 0.293, P = 0.01) and hypertension complication (r = 0.495, P = 0.00). The baseline cPWV values of VK2 group and the control group did not show a significant difference (7.53 ± 1.47 vs. 7.28 ± 1.18 m/s, P = 0.24). After 9 months of intervention, cPWV values in VK2 group were lower than baseline, but not significant (7.60 ± 1.50 vs. 7.53 ± 1.47 m/s, P = 0.90). The cPWV values of the control group at 6 months were increased when compared with the baseline (7.21 ± 1.18 vs. 7.86 ± 1.14 m/s, P = 0.04) . The increment rate of cPWV(△cPWV) from VK2 group was significantly lower than the control group (1.32 ± 12.53% vs 10.40 ± 16.85%, P = 0.00) 3. Baseline dp-ucMGP level of VK2 group and the control group showed no significant difference (1802.30 ± 552.88 vs. 1698.15 ± 488.06 nmol/L, P = 0.67) . After 9 months, the dp-ucMGP level in VK2 group was significantly decreased (1802.30 ± 552.88 vs 1448.42 ± 456.08 nmol/L, P = 0.01) , and significantly lower than control group (1448.42 ± 456.08 vs 1705.42 ± 424.48 nmol/L, P = 0.03). Conclusions Menaquinone supplementation induced a marked reduction of inactive MGP, and may retard the progression of arteriosclerosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients. This trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry as ChiCTR1900028459. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Erythropoietin in Acute Kidney Injury (EAKI): a Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel Aoun ◽  
Ghassan Sleilaty ◽  
Celine Boueri ◽  
Eliane Younes ◽  
Kim Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Renal Recovery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Erythropoietin Treatment

Abstract Background Treatment with erythropoietin is well established for anemia in chronic kidney disease patients but not well studied in acute kidney injury.MethodsThis is a multicenter, randomized, pragmatic controlled clinical trial. It included 134 hospitalized patients with anemia defined as hemoglobin <11 g/dL and acute kidney injury defined as an increase of serum creatinine of 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or 1.5 times baseline. One arm received recombinant human erythropoietin 4000 UI subcutaneously every other day (intervention; n=67) and the second received standard of care (control; n=67) during the hospitalization until discharge or death. The primary outcome was the need for transfusion; secondary outcomes were death, renal recovery, need for dialysis.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in transfusion need (RR=1.05, 95%CI 0.65,1.68; p=0.855), in renal recovery full or partial (RR=0.96, 95%CI 0.81,1.15; p=0.671), in need for dialysis (RR=11.00, 95%CI 0.62, 195.08; p=0.102) or in death (RR=1.43, 95%CI 0.58,3.53; p=0.440) between the erythropoietin and the control group. ConclusionsErythropoietin treatment had no impact on transfusions, renal recovery or mortality in acute kidney injury patients with anemia. The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03401710, 17/01/2018).

scholarly journals The effect of paricalcitol on Hepatitis B immunization in hemodialysis patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 549-553
Author(s):  
Mustafa Demir ◽  
Gamze İçaçan ◽  
Burkay Yakar ◽  
Ayhan Doğukan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Group 1

Objective: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has high morbidity and mortality. Therefore vaccination for HBV is crucial, especially for risk groups. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of paricalcitol on HBV immunization in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: Forty-two maintenance HD patients enrolled in the study. Group 1 was the control group who didn't receive paricalcitol treatment (n:28, control group). Group 2 was the paricalcitol treatment group for secondary hyperparathyroidism (n:14, paricalcitol group). Anti-HBs titers were measured with a three-month interval for two times. Results: The mean age of the patients in Group 1 was 58.50(18-80) years, while of the patients in Group 2 was 46.50 (23-81) years. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender (p = 0.200, p = 0.508, respectively). Baseline anti-HBs titer in the control group was 190.32 IU/L (20.18-1000), and 187.89 IU/L (38.77-1000) in the paricalcitol treated group. After 3 months of follow-up, anti-HBs titers decreased to 114.72 IU/L (13.68-1000) from 190.32 IU/L (20.18-1000) in the control group and to the 175.27 IU/L (14.25-1000) from 187.89 IU/L (38.77-1000) in the paricalcitol group. The decrease in anti-HBs titers was significant in the control group, whereas it was not significant in the paricalcitol group (P = 0.001, 0.209, respectively). Conclusion: The protective effect of paricalcitol on hepatitis B seroconversion in HD patients was observed. We think that paricalcitol may be used as an adjuvant for hepatitis B seroconversion.

P1463AMORTALITY AND HOSPITALIZATION PATTERNS IN ELDERLY HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS. A LARGE SAUDI STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Moussa ◽  
Ezzedine Abderrahim ◽  
Afef Dridi ◽  
Ibrahim Jubran ◽  
Saad Alobaili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Elderly Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Annual Mortality

Abstract Background and Aims The aim of the study was to analyze hospitalization and mortality parameters in Saudi elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis for end stage renal disease. Method The study population included all patients admitted at Davita-KSA clinics to continue renal replacement by hemodialysis during the period October 2014-December 2018. Two groups were identified according to age at admission to Davita clinics: Group 1 (age&gt;=65 years), Group 2 (age&lt;65 years). Zero time data, including demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded at admission. Also, all deaths and morbid events necessitating hospital admission were regularly recorded during the follow-up period. Annual mortality and hospitalization rates with the corresponding confident intervals were calculated as appropriate. Survival rates were calculated according to actuarial method logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing hospitalization and mortality. Results Elderly patients represented 23.84% of 3508 included patients (G1),). The sex ratio was of 1.07 Vs. 1.21 in control group (NS). ESRD was attributed to diabetes in 52.7% of elderly patients Vs. 36.3% in others (&lt;0.0001). The median duration of HD before joining Davita-clinics was of 6.5 months in G1 Vs. 11.5 months in G2 (p&lt;0.0001). There is no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding vascular access type, BMI and hemoglobin rate. The proportion of patients who were hospitalized was of 30.8% in G1 Vs. 24.6% in G2 (p&lt;0.0006) corresponding to an annual rate of 37.33% (CI, 95%: [33.93-40.73]) in G1 Vs. 25.64 (CI, 95%: [24.14-27.15]) in G2. The annual rate of hospital stay was of 4.38 days per patient in G1 (CI, 95%: [4.26-4.49]) Vs. 3.11 in G2 (CI, 95%: [3.06-3.16]). The annual mortality rate was 13.36% in G1 (CI, 95%: [11.32-15.38]) Vs. 5.33% in G2 (CI, 95%: [4.64-6.01]). Survival rates in Group 2 were of 98.6, 95.4, 90.5 and 78.6% at 3, 12, 24 and 48 months respectively Vs. 96.1, 89.3, 78.8 and 55.8% in G1 (p&lt;0.0001). Adjusted hospitalization and mortality risks were of 1.271 (CI, 95%: [1.065-1.516]; p&lt;0.008) and 2.257 (CI, 95%: [1.794-2.841]; p&lt;0.0001) in elderly patients compared to other patients. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that Saudi elderly hemodialysis patients remain a group at high risk for hospitalization and mortality.

Effect of Chewing Gum on Bowel Motility in Women Undergoing Post-Operative Cesarean Section

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Randa Mohammed AboBaker
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Bowel Motility ◽  
Gum Chewing ◽  
Significant Difference

Postoperative Ileus (POI) is one of the most common problems after obstetrics, gynecologic and abdominal surgeries. Sham feeding, such as gum chewing, accelerates the return of bowel function and the length of hospital stay. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of chewing gum on bowel motility in women undergoing post-operative cesarean section. Intervention study was used at the Postpartum Department of Maternity and Children Hospital, KSA. A randomized controlled clinical trial research design. Through a convenience technique, 80 post Caesarian Section (CS) women were included in the study. Data were collected through three tools: Tool (I): Socio-demographic data and reproductive history interview schedule. Tool (II): Postoperative Assessment Sheet. Tool (III): Outcomes of gum chewing and the length of hospital stay.  Method: subjects were assigned randomly into two groups of (40) the experimental and (40) the control. Subjects in the study group were asked to chew two pieces of sugarless gum for 30 min/three times daily in the morning, noon, and evening immediately after recovery from anesthesia and in Postpartum Department; while subjects in the control group followed the hospital routine care. Each woman in both groups was tested abdominally using a stethoscope to auscultate the bowel sounds and asked to report immediately the time of either passing flatus or stool. Results: illustrated that a highly statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups concerning their gum chewing outcomes. Where, P = 0.000. The study concluded that gum chewing is safe, well tolerated and appears to be effective in reducing the incidence and consequences of POI following CS.

Clinical-Reported Outcomes Of Deferoxamine Versus Deferasirox In The Treatment Of Homozygous BetaThalassemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeina A Munim Al-Thanoon ◽  
Zeina A Munim Al-Thanoon ◽  
Mustafa Basil ◽  
Nasih A Al-Kazzaz
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiple Blood ◽  
Group 2

Iron chelation therapy with deferoxamine (DFO),the current standard for the treatment of iron overload in patients with betathalassemia,requires regular subcutaneous or intravenous infusions. This can lead to reduced quality of life and poor adherence,resulting in increased morbidity and mortality in iron-overloaded patients with beta-thalassemia. Deferasirox (DFX) is an orally administered iron chelator that has been approved for use in many countries. The requirement of an effective,well tolerated iron chelator with a less demanding mode of administration has led to the development of deferasirox. The present study was aimed to compare the satisfaction and compliance with deferoxamine versus deferasirox (Exjade®),a novel oral iron chelator in patients with transfusion - dependent beta- thalassemia. A cross-sectional,single-center investigation study was carried out in the Thalassemia Center of Ibn-Atheer Teaching Hospital in Nineveh province,Iraq. One hundred and eight thalassemic patients aged between 2- 20 years old having received multiple blood transfusions and a serum ferritin greater than 1500 ng/ml. Patients were randomised into two groups. Group 1 received deferoxamine at a dose of 20-50mg/kg/day and group 2 received deferasirox at the dose of 10-30 mg/kg/day. Another 56 apparently healthy volunteers were used as a control group. The assessment of chelation was done during the period between November 2013 and February 2014 by measurement of serum ferritin. Satisfaction and compliance was assessed by using a special questionnaire prepared by the researcher. Out of the 108 thalassemic patients enrolled there was no discontinuation in treatment with the two drugs under study. The serum ferritin did not change significantly in any of the chelation groups. In comparison with the patients who were treated with DFO,those receiving DFX reported a significantly higher rate of compliance and satisfaction (P < 0.05). However,no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding their satisfaction (P > 0.05).Compliance with deferasirox (50 %) was more than that with deferoxamine (20 %). Satisfaction with deferoxamine was significantly lower than deferasirox (p= 0.00).

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