Malignant Nonhematological Effusion Characterization by Flow Cytometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Malignant Effusions ◽  
Monitoring Treatment

With the exception of hematological malignancies, flow cytometry (FC) is infrequently applied as an ancillary tool in the diagnosis of malignant effusions in most institutions. However, FC may be effectively used to differentiate between epithelial cells, mesothelial cells and leukocytes using antibodies against both cell surface and intracellular proteins, offering the advantage of quantitative analysis. Additionally, FC may be applied to the quantitative detection of cancer-associated molecules, including stem cell markers, as well as assessment of critical cellular processes, such as proliferation and apoptosis. Some of the latter tests may have relevance for monitoring treatment response in the presence of metastatic disease, although this does not constitute routine practice to date. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the application of FC to serous effusions in the diagnostic setting, as well as in research into cancer biology focusing on clinical specimens. The studies published to date suggest a role for this method in the clinical setting in the context of diagnosis, prediction and prognosis.

scholarly journals Lipid Mediators and Human Leukemic Blasts

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Fiancette ◽  
Christelle Vincent-Fabert ◽  
Estelle Guerin ◽  
Franck Trimoreau ◽  
Yves Denizot
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Specific Membrane

Some of the most potent inflammatory mediators share a lipid origin. They regulate a wide spectrum of cellular processes including cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, the precise roles and ways (if any) in which these compounds impact the growth and apoptosis of leukemic blasts remain incompletely resolved. In spite of this, significant advances have been recently made. Here we briefly review the current knowledge about the production of lipid mediators (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor) by leukemic blasts, the enzymatic activities (phospholipaseA2, cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases) involved in their productions and their effects (through specific membrane bound receptors) on the growth, and apoptosis of leukemic blasts.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs as Novel Regulators of Neuroinflammation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Justyna Ksiazek-Winiarek ◽  
Magdalena Justyna Kacperska ◽  
Andrzej Glabinski
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Ms Pathogenesis ◽  
Fine Tune

MicroRNAs are relatively recently discovered class of small noncoding RNAs, which function as important regulators of gene expression. They fine-tune protein expression either by translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. MicroRNAs act as regulators of diverse cellular processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Their defective biogenesis or function has been identified in various pathological conditions, like inflammation, neurodegeneration, or autoimmunity. Multiple sclerosis is one of the predominated debilitating neurological diseases affecting mainly young adults. It is a multifactorial disorder of as yet unknown aetiology. As far, it is suggested that interplay between genetic and environmental factors is responsible for MS pathogenesis. The role of microRNAs in this pathology is now extensively studied. Here, we want to review the current knowledge of microRNAs role in multiple sclerosis.

Exploiting S-nitrosylation for cancer therapy: facts and perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (19) ◽  
pp. 3649-3672
Author(s):  
Salvatore Rizza ◽  
Giuseppe Filomeni
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Synthetic Lethality ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Insight Into

S-nitrosylation, the post-translational modification of cysteines by nitric oxide, has been implicated in several cellular processes and tissue homeostasis. As a result, alterations in the mechanisms controlling the levels of S-nitrosylated proteins have been found in pathological states. In the last few years, a role in cancer has been proposed, supported by the evidence that various oncoproteins undergo gain- or loss-of-function modifications upon S-nitrosylation. Here, we aim at providing insight into the current knowledge about the role of S-nitrosylation in different aspects of cancer biology and report the main anticancer strategies based on: (i) reducing S-nitrosylation-mediated oncogenic effects, (ii) boosting S-nitrosylation to stimulate cell death, (iii) exploiting S-nitrosylation through synthetic lethality.

scholarly journals Proliferative and Apoptotic Responses in Cancers With Special Reference To Oral Cancers

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Kamer ◽  
L. Krebs ◽  
S.A. Hoghooghi ◽  
C. Liebow
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Made In

The study of signal transduction pathways for mechanisms of apoptosis and proliferation has significantly advanced our understanding of human cancer, subsequently leading to more effective treatments. Discoveries of growth factors and oncogenes, especially those that function through phosphorylation on tyrosine residues, have greatly benefited our appreciation of the biology of cancer. The regulation of proliferation and apoptosis through phosphorylation via tyrosine kinases and phosphatases is discussed, as well as the contributions of other systems, such as serine and threonine kinases and phosphatases. Receptors with seven-transmembrane domains, steroid hormones, genes, and "death domains" will also be discussed. This review attempts to compare the regulation of the growth of normal tissues and cancers with an effort to highlight the current knowledge of these factors in the growth regulation of oral/oropharyngeal cancers. Despite the strides made in our understanding of growth regulation in human cancers, the study of oral/oropharyngeal cancer specifically lags behind. More research must be done to further our understanding of oral cancer biology, if we are to develop better, more effective treatment protocols.

Long noncoding RNAs: lincs between human health and disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Hao Kwok ◽  
Yvonne Tay
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Sequencing Platforms

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent one of the largest classes of transcripts and are highly diverse in terms of characteristics and functions. Advances in high-throughput sequencing platforms have enabled the rapid discovery and identification of lncRNAs as key regulatory molecules involved in various cellular processes and their dysregulation in various human diseases. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the functions and underlying mechanisms of lncRNA activity with a particular focus on cancer biology. We also discuss the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for clinical applications.

Targeting Never-In-Mitosis-A Related Kinase 5 in Cancer: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarite D. Matossian ◽  
Carrow I. Wells ◽  
William J. Zuercher ◽  
Bridgette M. Collins-Burow ◽  
David H. Drewry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Mitotic Kinases ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Physiologic Function ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Pharmacologic Inhibition

: Mitotic kinases have integral roles in cell processes responsible for cancer development and progression in all tumor types and are common targets for therapeutics. However, a large subset of the human kinome remains unexplored with respect to functionality in cancer systems. Within the mitotic kinases, the never-in-mitosis kinase (NEK) family, are emerging as novel kinase targets in various cancer types. NEK5 is an understudied member of the NEK family. While there are more recent studies describing physiologic function of NEK5, its role in cancer biology remains widely understudied. However, emerging studies implicate NEK5 has potentially crucial functions in various solid tumors. In this review we discuss current knowledge regarding a role for NEK5 in cancer, and implications of NEK5 expression and activity in tumor development and metastasis. We summarize current studies that examine NEK5 activity in diverse cancer systems and cellular processes. As an understudied kinase, there are currently no selective NEK5-targeting agents to test effects of pharmacologic inhibition in cancer, although there exist recent advancements in this area. Here we also include an update on efforts to develop selective pharmacologic inhibition of NEK5 and we discuss the current direction of NEK5-targeting therapeutic development. Generation of selective NEK5 inhibitors are promising new targeted therapies for cancer growth and metastasis.

scholarly journals High-throughput multiparametric imaging flow cytometry: toward diffraction-limited sub-cellular detection and monitoring of sub-cellular processes

Cell Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 108824
Author(s):  
Gregor Holzner ◽  
Bogdan Mateescu ◽  
Daniel van Leeuwen ◽  
Gea Cereghetti ◽  
Reinhard Dechant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Multiparametric Imaging ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Imaging Flow Cytometry

scholarly journals The Chinese Medicinal Formulation Guzhi Zengsheng Zhitongwan Modulates Chondrocyte Structure, Dynamics, and Metabolism by Controlling Multiple Functional Proteins

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Baojin Yao ◽  
Bocheng Lu ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Gao ◽  
Xiangyang Leng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Structure Dynamics ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Medicinal Formulation

Traditional Chinese medicine is one of the oldest medical systems in the world and has its unique principles and theories in the prevention and treatment of human diseases, which are achieved through the interactions of different types of materia medica in the form of Chinese medicinal formulations. GZZSZTW, a classical and effective Chinese medicinal formulation, was designed and created by professor Bailing Liu who is the only national medical master professor in the clinical research field of traditional Chinese medicine and skeletal diseases. GZZSZTW has been widely used in clinical settings for several decades for the treatment of joint diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. In the present study, we performed quantitative proteomic analysis to investigate the effects of GZZSZTW on mouse primary chondrocytes using state-of-the-art iTRAQ technology. We demonstrated that the Chinese medicinal formulation GZZSZTW modulates chondrocyte structure, dynamics, and metabolism by controlling multiple functional proteins that are involved in the cellular processes of DNA replication and transcription, protein synthesis and degradation, cytoskeleton dynamics, and signal transduction. Thus, this study has expanded the current knowledge of the molecular mechanism of GZZSZTW treatment on chondrocytes. It has also shed new light on possible strategies to further prevent and treat cartilage-related diseases using traditional Chinese medicinal formulations.

Effect of ADM on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Gastric Cancer Cell SGC-7901

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 2434-2437
Author(s):  
Shu Li Shao ◽  
Wei Wei Chen ◽  
Wei Wei Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Feng Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Human Gastric Cancer ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Dna Ladder ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Cellular Apoptosis ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Morphologic Changes

To observe the effect of ADM on cells apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. The SGC-7901 cells were treated by ADM. And the inhibitory ratio of cells was measured by trypan blue stain assay, the IC50 value was calculated. Cells apoptosis were detected by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis.The cell cycles were analyzed by flow cytometry system after treatment with ADM. Morphologic changes were observed using phase-contrast microscopy . The SGC-7901 cells proliferation were remarkably inhibited by ADM. The IC50 values were 5.7 μg / mL. The typical DNA ladder on agarose gel electrophoresis for analysis of cellular apoptosis were significantly appeared. ADM could restrain the SGC-7901 cells proliferation, and to cause the morphologic changes of apoptosis. Apoptosis peaks appeared with flow cytometry analysis.

scholarly journals A New MAP Kinase Protein Involved in Estradiol-Stimulated Reproduction of the Helminth ParasiteTaenia crassiceps

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galileo Escobedo ◽  
Gloria Soldevila ◽  
Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres ◽  
Jesús Ramsés Chávez-Ríos ◽  
Karen Nava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Activation Motif

MAP kinases (MAPK) are involved in the regulation of cellular processes such as reproduction and growth. In parasites, the role of MAPK has been scarcely studied. Here, we describe the participation of an ERK-like protein in estrogen-dependent reproduction of the helminth parasiteTaenia crassiceps. Our results show that 17β-estradiol induces a concentration-dependent increase in the bud number of in vitro cultured cysticerci. If parasites are also incubated in presence of an ERK-inhibitor, the stimulatory effect of estrogen is blocked. The expression of ERK-like mRNA and its corresponding protein was detected in the parasite. The ERK-like protein was over-expressed by all treatments. Nevertheless, a strong induction of phosphorylation of this protein was observed only in response to 17β-estradiol. Cross-contamination by host cells was discarded by flow cytometry analysis. Parasite cells expressing the ERK-like protein were exclusively located at the subtegument tissue by confocal microscopy. Finally, the ERK-like protein was separated by bidimensional electrophoresis and then sequenced, showing the conserved TEY activation motif, typical of all known ERK 1/2 proteins. Our results show that an ERK-like protein is involved in the molecular signalling during the interaction between the host andT. crassiceps, and may be considered as target for anti-helminth drugs design.

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