Karyotype Evolution in Harvestmen of the Suborder Cyphophthalmi (Opiliones)

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Svojanovská ◽  
Petr Nguyen ◽  
Matyáš Hiřman ◽  
Ivan H. Tuf ◽  
Rodzay Abdul Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Rdna Locus ◽  
Ancestral Karyotype ◽  
Rdna Probe ◽  
Basal Group ◽  
Rna Genes

The morphologically uniform suborder Cyphophthalmi represents a basal group of harvestmen (Opiliones). As such, it plays an important role in the reconstruction of the karyotype evolution within this arachnid order. The cytogenetic analysis of 6 representatives of the suborder Cyphophthalmi, namely Miopsalis sp. (2n = 30; Stylocellidae), Austropurcellia arcticosa (Cantrell, 1980) (2n = 30; Pettalidae), Parapurcellia amatola de Bivort & Giribet, 2010 (2n = 32; Pettalidae), Paramiopsalis aff. ramulosus Juberthie, 1962 (2n = 28; Sironidae), Cyphophthalmus duricorius Joseph, 1868 (2n = 24; Sironidae), and Siro carpaticus Rafalski, 1956 (2n = 52; Sironidae) was performed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with 18S rDNA probe was used to analyze the distribution of major ribosomal RNA genes in harvestmen. We confront the obtained cytogenetic data with current hypotheses on cyphophthalmid phylogeny to reconstruct their karyotype evolution. We conclude that the ancestral karyotype of harvestmen consisted of 2n = 30 elements with 1 chromosome pair bearing terminal rDNA clusters. The rDNA locus was multiplicated in the evolution of Cyphophthalmi. However, decreases as well as increases in the number of chromosomes have been detected in the karyotype evolution of Cyphophthalmi. Our data thus reveal unexpected diversity in cyphophthalmid karyotypes.

Detection of rRNA and phaseolin genes on polytene chromosomes of Phaseolus coccineus by fluorescence in situ hybridization after pepsin pretreatment

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1018-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nenno ◽  
K. Schumann ◽  
W. Nagl
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Storage Protein ◽  
Seed Storage Protein ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Phaseolus Coccineus ◽  
Rna Genes

This is the first report of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on plant polytene chromosomes. Different protease pretreatments have been tested to improve fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH on polytene chromosomes of a plant, Phaseolus coccineus, with the aim to enable the detection of low-copy genes. The structural preservation of the chromosomes and the distinctness of the FISH signals were comparatively analysed with a probe for the ribosomal RNA genes after digestion with pepsin and trypsin. The pepsin pretreatment resulted in a general loosening of chromatin with good conservation of chromosome morphology and an increased number and density of signal points. The six nucleolus organizers exhibited significant differences in condensation. The pretreatment with pepsin enabled the detection of the low-copy genes encoding the seed storage protein phaseolin.Key words: plant, Leguminosae, ribosomal RNA genes, seed storage protein genes, protease.

Detection of ribosomal RNA genes in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., by in situ hybridization

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1091-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Skorupska ◽  
Marc C. Albertsen ◽  
Kim D. Langholz ◽  
Reid G. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Labeled Probe ◽  
Rna Genes

A biotinylated maize rRNA probe was hybridized to soybean nuclei. Hybridization was detected by using a streptavidin horseradish peroxidase biotin system. The procedure used enabled detection of heterologous complementary 18S and 25S rRNA coding genes in soybean. In diploid cultivars 'Hark' and 'Lincoln' a single pair of satellited chromosomes was present and two binding sites were detected at interphase. In plants trisomic for the satellited chromosome, three sites were observed, and in tetraploid nuclei, four sites were seen. The in situ hybridization results indicated that, for ribosomal RNA genes, Glycine max behaves as a diploid. We discuss the possibility of loss of a pair of satellited chromosomes in the evolution of soybean.Key words: biotin-labeled probe, rRNA genes, ploidy, Glycine max.

Localization of the 5S RNA genes to arm 2R in polytene chromosomes of Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Bedo ◽  
G. C. Webb
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
5S Rna ◽  
Rna In Situ Hybridization ◽  
5S Rna Genes ◽  
Rna Genes

The 5S RNA genes of Lucilia cuprina were mapped to section 15A in the short arm of chromosome 2 by in situ hybridization to pupal trichogen polytene cells. As in most eukaryotes the 5S genes are located separately from the remaining ribosomal RNA genes.Key words: Lucilia cuprina, 5S RNA, in situ hybridization.

Localization of 18S+28S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes in the dog by fluorescence in situ hybridization

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mäkinen ◽  
C. Zijlstra ◽  
N.A. de Haan ◽  
C.H.M. MellInk ◽  
A.A. Bosma
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Genes ◽  
5S Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Rna Genes

Ribosomal RNA genes and the substructure of nucleolar organizing regions in Lilium

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. von Kalm ◽  
D. R. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Gene Number ◽  
Nucleolar Organizing Regions ◽  
Band Size ◽  
Rna Genes

We have examined the location and organization of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) in the species Lilium henryi (with four NORs per diploid cell), L. longiflorum, and L. speciosum (each with six NORs), and the hybrids Lilium × 'Black Beauty' (five NORs) and Lilium × parkmannii (eight NORs). The relative number of genes in individual NORs was assayed by in situ hybridization using in vitro labelled ribosomal RNA (rRNA). An estimate of their relative transcriptional activity was obtained by scoring silver band size over the constriction. There was no clear correlation between gene number and activity at specific NORs. Rather, gene number correlated quite well with the relative size of heterochromatin usually found adjacent to NOR constrictions and stained by an acid-banding method. It is possible that many but a variable fraction of the rRNA genes in Lilium NORs are held inactive in nucleolar heterochromatin.Key words: ribosomal RNA genes, Lilium, nucleolus, in situ hybridization, heterochromatin, silver banding.

scholarly journals FISH-based karyotyping of Pelmatohydra oligactis (Pallas, 1766), Hydra oxycnida Schulze, 1914, and H. magnipapillata Itô, 1947 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris A. Anokhin ◽  
Valentina G. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Chromosomal Mapping ◽  
Multigene Families ◽  
Histone Genes ◽  
Rdna Probe ◽  
Dapi Banding

An account is given of the karyotypes of Hydramagnipapillata Itô, 1947, H.oxycnida Schulze, 1914, and Pelmatohydraoligactis (Pallas, 1766) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydridae). A number of different techniques were used: conventional karyotype characterization by standard staining, DAPI-banding and C-banding was complemented by the physical mapping of the ribosomal RNA (18S rDNA probe) and H3 histone genes, and the telomeric (TTAGGG)n sequence by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We found that the species studied had 2n = 30; constitutive heterochromatin was present in the centromeric regions of the chromosomes; the “vertebrate” telomeric (TTAGGG)n motif was located on both ends of each chromosome and no interstitial sites were detected; 18S rDNA was mapped on the largest chromosome pair in H.magnipapillata and on one of the largest chromosome pairs in H.oxycnida and P.oligactis; in H.magnipapillata, the major rRNA and H3 histone multigene families were located on the largest pair of chromosomes, on their long arms and in the centromeric areas respectively. This is the first chromosomal mapping of H3 in hydras.

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