Urine Ethyl Glucuronide Unraveling the Reality of Abstinence Monitoring in a Routine Outpatient Setting: A Cross-Sectional Comparison with Ethanol, Self Report and Clinical Judgment

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Barrio ◽  
Lidia Teixidor ◽  
Naira Rico ◽  
Pol Bruguera ◽  
Lluisa Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ethyl Glucuronide ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Clinician Judgment ◽  
Better Than

Aims: To test the screening performance of urinary ethyl glucuronide (EtG) under routine clinical conditions in a sample of alcohol-dependent outpatients, comparing it against urinary ethanol, self reports and clinical judgment. Methods: A cross-sectional study under routine conditions was conducted in February 2015, where 613 consecutive urinary samples, provided by 188 outpatients with alcohol use disorders, were analyzed for ethanol and EtG (cut-off level = 500 ng/ml). Clinical variables such as the presence of aversive medication, comorbidities and clinician judgment were also collected. The discrepancy between the number of alcohol and EtG positives was recorded. A logistic regression analysis including clinical variables was conducted to assess for predictors of EtG positivity. Results: Urinary alcohol yielded 9 positives (1.5% of all urine samples) belonging to 8 patients. EtG yielded 136 positives (22% of all urine samples) belonging to 74 patients. Of these, 93.4% (127 of 136) were negative for alcohol. All urinary alcohol positives resulted in EtG positives. The clinician judged 48 samples from 26 patients as belonging to not abstinent patients and 550 samples from 178 patients as belonging to abstinent patients. She was unsure in 15 samples from 15 patients. When comparing it against EtG as the gold standard, the area under the curve was 0.592. Self reports were extremely unreliable in this study, with only 5 patients reporting drinking in a total of 6 urine samples. In the logistic regression model, only aversive medications (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.3) and clinician judgment (OR 2, 95% CI 1.4-2.9) resulted in significant effects. Conclusions: EtG performed largely better than ethanol for urine screening in alcohol outpatients, detecting an extra 20.4% (125 out of 613) of positives. It means that for each alcohol-positive sample, there were 15 EtG-positive samples. Although better than ethanol, clinician judgment was also not performed efficiently. If routinely implemented in the screening of alcohol outpatients, EtG might bring relevant changes that merit further research.

scholarly journals Lying on the Dissection Table: Anatomizing Faked Responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Röhner ◽  
Philipp Thoss ◽  
Astrid Schütz
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Machine Learning Classifiers ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Better Than

Research has shown that even experts cannot detect faking above chance, but recent studies have suggested that machine learning may help in this endeavor. However, faking differs between faking conditions, previous efforts have not taken these differences into account, and faking indices have yet to be integrated into such approaches. We reanalyzed seven data sets (N = 1,039) with various faking conditions (high and low scores, different constructs, naïve and informed faking, faking with and without practice, different measures [self-reports vs. implicit association tests; IATs]). We investigated the extent to which and how machine learning classifiers could detect faking under these conditions and compared different input data (response patterns, scores, faking indices) and different classifiers (logistic regression, random forest, XGBoost). We also explored the features that classifiers used for detection. Our results show that machine learning has the potential to detect faking, but detection success varies between conditions from chance levels to 100%. There were differences in detection (e.g., detecting low-score faking was better than detecting high-score faking). For self-reports, response patterns and scores were comparable with regard to faking detection, whereas for IATs, faking indices and response patterns were superior to scores. Logistic regression and random forest worked about equally well and outperformed XGBoost. In most cases, classifiers used more than one feature (faking occurred over different pathways), and the features varied in their relevance. Our research supports the assumption of different faking processes and explains why detecting faking is a complex endeavor.

scholarly journals O5A.2 Musculoskeletal symptoms and work-related accidents: a hospital-based case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A41.1-A41
Author(s):  
Adriano Dias ◽  
João Marcos Bernardes ◽  
Juan Gomez-Salgado ◽  
Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire ◽  
Control Study

This hospital-based case-control study aimed to determine whether self-reports of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) were associated with the occurrence of work-related accidents. Study participants were recruited from the emergency department at Botucatu Medical School University Hospital. Cases were workers who suffered work-related accidents that required hospitalization, while controls were selected patients who suffered a non-work-related accident. Participants were interviewed using a standardized structured questionnaire with close-ended questions and a modified version of the Brazilian Portuguese Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Associations between self-reports of MSS and work-related accidents were analyzed with two logistic regression models (one for symptoms that occurred in the 12 months period and the other for those that occurred in the previous 7 days). These analyses were performed in two steps: univariate and multiple model. Variables with a P-value ≤0.25 in the univariate analysis were included in the multiple models, using the forward stepwise selection procedure. In the multiple models two-sided P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Altogether, 80 cases and 125 controls were included. The participants had a mean age of 36.9 years (SD = 11.4) and 72.2% were men. In the 12 months multiple logistic regression model, self-report of MSS in the upper limbs (OR 2.689 95% CI 1.357-5.326) was associated with increased odds of work-related accidents occurrence, while in the 7 days multiple logistic regression model, self-report of MSS in the upper limbs (OR 2.374 95% CI 1.083-5.201) and in the vertebral column (OR 2.154 95% CI 1.017-4.561) were associated. Thus, this case–control study suggests that MSS in the upper limbs and in the vertebral column are associated with increased odds of work-related accidents; and that the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire may be used as a complementary screening tool for identifying workers at risk for work-related accidents.

scholarly journals Clinical Oral Health Recommended Care and Oral Health Self-Report, NHANES, 2013-2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Constance Wiener ◽  
Nilanjana Dwibedi ◽  
Chan Shen ◽  
Patricia A. Findley ◽  
Usha Sambamoorthi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recommended Care ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Oral Pain ◽  
Self Reports

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the concordance of self-reported responses to oral health questions versus clinically evaluated recommended need for oral healthcare by calibrated dentists to determine usefulness of the questions for epidemiological studies. We additionally examined other factors associated with concordant self-reports versus clinical evaluations. Materials and Methods. We used a cross-sectional study design with 4,205 participants, ages 30 years and above, who had complete oral health self-perception data and dental referral data in the NHANES 2013-14. Calibrated dentists completed clinical oral healthcare assessments. The assessments were dichotomized to (1) recommendation for immediate care and (2) routine oral health care. Self-reported oral health needs were measured with 6 items (an overall oral health self-perception question, oral pain within the previous year, impact on job/school, suspected periodontal disease, tooth appearance, and tooth mobility). The key item of interest was the overall oral health self-perception question. Results. Concordance with clinically evaluated recommended need for oral healthcare varied from 52.0% (oral pain) to 65.4% (overall oral health self-perception). Many subgroup differences were observed. Conclusions. The overall self-perception of oral health and the clinical evaluation of oral healthcare need were substantially concordant; other self-reported measures were moderately concordant. This is useful information and points to the need for a minimum set of measures that can provide actionable information and capture the need for clinical dental care.

scholarly journals Associations between symptom severity and well-being among Thai patients with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional analytical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teerapat Teetharatkul ◽  
Arnont Vitayanont ◽  
Tippawan Liabsuetrakul ◽  
Warut Aunjitsakul
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income

Abstract Background Severity of symptoms in patients with schizophrenia is a determinant of patient’s well-being, but evidence in low- and middle-income countries is limited. We aimed to measure the symptom severity using objective measurements, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-S), and their associations with well-being in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Patients with schizophrenia aged ≥18 years, without active psychosis including no history of hospitalization within the last 6 months, were included. Symptom severity was measured by the clinicians using BPRS and CGI-S. The patients’ well-being was assessed by self-report using the Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic treatment scale (SWN) as continuous and binary outcomes (categorized into adequate or poor well-being). Correlations between symptom severity (BPRS and CGI-S scores) and well-being (SWN score) were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation. Association between well-being status and BPRS was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results Of 150 patients, BPRS and CGI-S were inversely correlated with SWN score (r = − 0.47; p < 0.001 and − 0.21; p < 0.01, respectively). BPRS Affect domain had the highest correlation with SWN (r = − 0.51, p < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression, BPRS score and being unemployed were associated with poor well-being status (adjusted OR 1.08; 95%CI 1.02–1.14; p = 0.006, and 4.01; 95%CI 1.38–11.7; p = 0.011, respectively). Conclusion Inverse relationships between symptom severity and well-being score were found. Higher BPRS Affect domain was significantly associated with lower patients’ well-being. The use of BPRS tool into routine clinical practice could serve as an adjunct to physician’s clinical evaluation of patients’ symptoms and may help improve patient’s well-being. Further research on negative symptoms associated with well-being is required.

scholarly journals Concordantie en meerwaarde van informant- versus zelfrapportage bij persoonlijkheidsdiagnostiek: een systematische review

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Systematische Review ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Introduction: Both in personality assessment and scientific research, self-report questionnaires are frequently used, yet the use of informant-report is increasing. The aim of this systematic review is to address the concordance and added value of informant- versus self-report in measuring personality pathology in (older) adults. Method: A systematic search has been carried out for relevant literature published between 2000 and 2018, via the databases Scopus, PsychINFO and PubMED. Also the reference lists of included articles have been checked, resulting in an inclusion of 46 studies. Results: The concordance between informant- and self-report appears to be only moderate, but highest when the relationship is characterized by interpersonal intimacy (such as between partners). The concordance between informants is somewhat better than between informant- and self -reports. Informants have an added value over self-report in the context of externalizing personality traits and interpersonal functioning. In addition, they appear to be a better predictor for health, adaptability and professional functioning. Self-report on the other hand captures intrapsychic characteristics more thoroughly. Conclusion: In personality assessment, informant- and self-reports could be complementary. However, empirical research among older adults is almost uncharted territory and deserves more attention.

scholarly journals How well do nursing staff assess the wellbeing of nursing home residents? An explorative study of using single-question scales

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Noortje Kloos ◽  
Constance H. C. Drossaert ◽  
Ernst T. Bohlmeijer ◽  
Gerben J. Westerhof
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Single Question

Abstract Person-centred care requires improved documentation of nursing home resident wellbeing, e.g. by nursing staff proxy assessments. Previous studies mainly focused on proxy self-report agreement of quality of life of people with dementia, using lengthy questionnaires. This is the first study to investigate how well nursing staff assess residents’ wellbeing after training, using a single-question assessment method of happiness and engagement. We conducted a cross-sectional mixed-method study, including proxy assessments from 49 nursing staff, and self-reports from 49 nursing home residents without dementia (mean age 85). We explored agreement between colleagues, and between proxy assessments and self-reports, and potential nursing staff characteristics associated to this (age, experience, hours worked per week). Brief written motivations were evaluated on nursing staffs’ understanding of the happiness and engagement concepts. The results showed low agreement between colleagues, and low agreement between proxy assessments and self-reports. Nursing staff assessed happiness and engagement substantially higher than residents’ self-reports. Hours worked per week was related to happiness proxy assessments, but none of the included nursing staff characteristics were related to proxy self-report agreement. Nursing staff interpreted the concepts in diverse ways. Overestimating resident wellbeing when using this single-assessment method may undermine subsequent efforts to improve wellbeing. We could not identify which nursing staff could best provide wellbeing assessments. For now, proxy wellbeing assessments should always be combined with regular self-reports whenever possible.

scholarly journals Evaluation of how well different pure-tone threshold and visual acuity measures reflect self-reported sensory ability and treatment uptake: An analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Mick ◽  
Anni Hämäläinen ◽  
M Kathleen Pichora-Fuller ◽  
Natalie Phillips ◽  
Walter Wittich
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Epidemiology Studies ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
Sectional Analysis

In epidemiology studies, researchers may choose to use summary scores of hearing or visionbased on self-report or clinical measures. Self-report and clinical measures may yield differentclassifications. Of the possible clinical measures, there is no consensus regarding which puretonethreshold average (PTA) or visual acuity (VA) measures are optimal. We aimed todetermine how well different PTAs and VA measures predicted self-reported measures ofsensory function. A cross-sectional analysis of 30,097 Canadians aged 45-85 years participatingin wave 1 of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging in 2012-2015 was performed. Wecalculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for 9 different PTAsand 6 different VA measures. In the analysis of the PTAs, the classifiers used as comparatorsincluded self-reports of hearing and hearing aid use. In the analysis of the VA measures,comparators were self-reports of vision, and corrective lens use. The top-ranked PTA was thebinaural mid-frequency PTA (i.e., the average of hearing thresholds at 1000, 2000, 3000 and4000 Hz in both ears). The top-ranked VA measure was the average pinhole-corrected VA inboth eyes. These measures are not commonly used, but should be considered for epidemiologicalresearch.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Attempt for Smoking Cessation among Hardcore Smokers in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Hui-Wen Huang ◽  
Ya-Hui Yang ◽  
Chih-Ling Huang
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Prevention Act ◽  
Hardcore Smokers

Background: Tobacco control activities have mostly influenced those smokers who found it easier to quit and, thus, remaining smokers are those who are less likely to stop smoking. This phenomenon is called “hardening hypothesis,” which individuals unwilling or unable to quit smoking and likely to remain so. The aim of this study was to identify the factors correlated with smoking cessation among hardcore smokers. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational research design was employed. Hardcore smokers from communities in Taiwan were recruited to participate in the study (N = 187). Self-report questionnaires were used to collect demographic data as well as data on nicotine dependence, quitting self-efficacy, social smoking motives, attitudes towards the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act (THPA), and smoking cessation. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors that were related to quit smoking. Results: About 30.3% (n = 54) reported having experienced quitting smoking over 7 days in the past year. Logistic regression analysis indicated that attitudes towards the THPA was identified as a particularly important factor contributing to the increase in smoking cessation among hardcore smokers. Conclusions: Nurses should cooperate with smoking cessation coaches to facilitate the improvement of attitudes towards the THPA as a key means through which to increase the smoking cessation rate among hardcore smokers.

scholarly journals Association between parenting and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents in Yunnan, China: a cross-sectional survey

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10493
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Yuanyuan Xiao ◽  
Hailiang Ran ◽  
Xingting He ◽  
Linling Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
High Level

Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents is prevalent and its rate has increased in recent years worldwide. Previous studies had investigated the association between parenting and childhood NSSI, but little is known about the relationship between parental rearing and repetition and severity of NSSI. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of parenting with NSSI and its repetition and severity in a representative adolescent sample from southwestern China. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 2,705 adolescents (F/M: 1,245/1,460; mean age: 13.4 ± 2.2 years) was recruited from 14 randomly selected schools in Lincang municipality, Yunnan province, China. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data. The Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Function Assessment Scale and the short Chinese Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (s-EMBU-C) were used to evaluate NSSI behaviors and parenting style, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were adopted to examine association between parenting and NSSI. Results Overall lifetime prevalence of NSSI was 47.1% (95% CI [36.2–58.0]), with self-cutting being the most common form (23.5% (95% CI [19.3–27.7])), followed by hitting hard objects (23.4% (95% CI [20.2–26.7])) and pulling hairs (20.9% (95% CI [18.8–22.6])). In multiple logistic regression analyses, NSSI was positively associated with high level of father’s rejection (OR: 1.32 (95% CI [1.01–1.72])), high level of mother’s rejection (OR: 1.76 (95% CI [1.46–2.13])), low level of mother’s emotional warmth (OR: 1.42 (95% CI [1.15–1.75])), and high level of mother’s overprotection (OR: 1.74 (95% CI [1.49–2.03])), repeated NSSI was positively associated with low level of father’s emotional warmth (OR: 1.39 (95% CI [1.10–1.75])) and high level of mother’s overprotection (OR: 1.79 (95% CI [1.33–2.41])), and severe NSSI was positively associated with low level of father’s emotional warmth (OR: 1.64 (95% CI [1.11–2.43])) and high level of mother’s rejection (OR: 2.16 (95% CI [1.71–2.71])). Conclusion NSSI is common among adolescents in southwestern China. Negative parenting styles are associated with NSSI, repeated NSSI, and severe NSSI. The development of intervention measures for preventing or reducing NSSI among Chinese adolescents in school settings should consider parenting styles.

Affective Differential: Comparison of Emotion Profiles Gained from Clinical Judgment and Patient Self-Report

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Sheppard ◽  
Diane Fiorentino ◽  
Sidney Merlis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Mmpi Profile

Narcotic addicts comprising 2 diagnostic groups as defined by MMPI profile types (49′ sociopathic and 468′ paranoid) were selected to test the validity of emotion profiles gleaned from affective differential ratings, the affective differential methodology and the assumption that patients with different character structures have measurable differences in emotion profiles. Comparisons were made between the patient groups and between profiles gleaned from clinicians' ratings and the patients' self-reports. Emotion profile differences were demonstrated between paranoid and sociopathic patient groups. The clinicians' ratings tended to exaggerate the intensity of the emotions, making differences between profile types greater than those differences observed from patient self-reports. The results supported the hypothesis that persons with different character structures have different emotion profiles but not to the degree first reported by clinicians.

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