A High Monounsaturated Fat-Low Carbohydrate Diet Reduces Insulin Resistance in NIDDM Patients

2015 ◽  
pp. 254-256
Author(s):  
A. V. Ciardullo ◽  
M. Parillo ◽  
B. Capaldo ◽  
A. Giacco ◽  
A. A. Rivellese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Niddm Patients

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of an 8-Week, Very Low Carbohydrate Diet Intervention on Obese Subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjuan Gu ◽  
Haoyong Yu ◽  
Yuehua Li ◽  
Xiaojing Ma ◽  
Junxi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Obese Subjects

Aim. To investigate the effects of weight loss during an 8-week very low carbohydrate diet (VLCD) on improvement of metabolic parameters, adipose distribution and body composition, and insulin resistance and sensitivity in Chinese obese subjects.Methods. Fifty-three healthy obese volunteers were given an 8-week VLCD. The outcomes were changes in anthropometry, body composition, metabolic profile, abdominal fat distribution, liver fat percent (LFP), and insulin resistance and sensitivity.Results. A total of 46 (86.8%) obese subjects completed the study. The VLCD caused a weight loss of−8.7±0.6 kg (mean ± standard error (SE),P<0.0001) combined with a significant improvement of metabolic profile. In both male and female, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) significantly decreased (−166.2±47.6 μmol/L,P=0.001) andβ-hydroxybutyric acid (BHA) increased (0.15±0.06 mmol/L,P=0.004) after eight weeks of VLCD intervention. The significant reductions in subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral fat area (VFA), and LFP were−66.5±7.9 cm2,−35.3±3.9 cm2, and−16.4±2.4%, respectively (allPvaluesP<0.0001). HOMA IR and HOMAβsignificantly decreased while whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) increased (allPvaluesP<0.001).Conclusion. Eight weeks of VLCD was an effective intervention in obese subjects. These beneficial effects may be associated with enhanced hepatic and whole-body lipolysis and oxidation.

Abstract P165: The Long-term Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Endothelial Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Hu ◽  
Kristi Reynolds ◽  
Lu Yao ◽  
Calynn Bunol ◽  
Yanxi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Study Participants

The long-term effects of low-carbohydrate diets versus low-fat diets on endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance are unclear. A total of 148 study participants with a body mass index of 30 - 45 kg/m2 (Mean: 35.4 kg/m2) who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and kidney disease were recruited. The participants were randomly assigned to either a low-carbohydrate diet (<40 g/day; N=75) or a low fat (<30% energy from fat, <10% from saturated fat; N=73) diet. Two 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted at each clinic visit (0, 3, 6 and 12 months of intervention). Participants met with a study dietitian weekly for the first month followed by group settings bi-weekly for 5 months and monthly for the last 6 months. Each group was provided the same behavioral curriculum related to diet emphasizing portion control and eating habits. Biomarkers for endothelial function and insulin resistance included E-selectin, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), Insulin-like growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), serum insulin, and glucose. Mixed-effect regression models including group, time and their interaction were used to analyze the data. Of the study participants, 60 in the low-fat group (81.1%) and 59 in the low-carbohydrate group (79.7%) completed the entire intervention. The mean age was 46.8 years, 88.5% were women and 55.1% were African-Americans. The low-carbohydrate group lost approximately 3.5 kg more body weight than did the low-fat group (P= 0.002) on average. Compared to the low-fat diet, the low-carbohydrate diet resulted in greater reductions in E-selectin (net change: -4.5, -4.3, and -3.8 ng/mL at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively; overall P= 0.002) and ICAM-1 (net change: -7.3, -10.4, and -16.8 ng/mL at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively; overall P= 0.06). There was no significant change in any other markers. Our findings suggest that the low-carbohydrate is at least as effective as the low-fat diet at improving endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Effects of Low-Carbohydrate versus Mediterranean Diets on Weight Loss, Glucose Metabolism, Insulin Kinetics and β-Cell Function in Morbidly Obese Individuals

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Domenico Tricò ◽  
Diego Moriconi ◽  
Rossana Berta ◽  
Simona Baldi ◽  
Alfredo Quinones-Galvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Β Cell Function

Low-calorie Mediterranean-style or low-carbohydrate dietary regimens are widely used nutritional strategies against obesity and associated metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a balanced Mediterranean diet with a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and glucose homeostasis in morbidly obese individuals at high risk to develop diabetes. Insulin secretion, insulin clearance, and different β-cell function components were estimated by modeling plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide profiles during 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) performed at baseline and after 4 weeks of each dietary intervention. The average weight loss was 5%, being 58% greater in the low-carbohydrate-group than Mediterranean-group. Fasting plasma glucose and glucose tolerance were not affected by the diets. The two dietary regimens proved similarly effective in improving insulin resistance and fasting hyperinsulinemia, while enhancing endogenous insulin clearance and β-cell glucose sensitivity. In summary, we demonstrated that a low-carbohydrate diet is a successful short-term approach for weight loss in morbidly obese patients and a feasible alternative to the Mediterranean diet for its glucometabolic benefits, including improvements in insulin resistance, insulin clearance and β-cell function. Further studies are needed to compare the long-term efficacy and safety of the two diets.

Low-carbohydrate diet disrupts the association between insulin resistance and weight gain

Metabolism ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose O. Leite ◽  
Ryan DeOgburn ◽  
Joseph C. Ratliff ◽  
Randy Su ◽  
Jeff S. Volek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

scholarly journals The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diet on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshuai Zhang ◽  
Yang Zheng ◽  
Yanan Guo ◽  
Zhiwen Lai
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Objective. To assess the effect of a low carbohydrate diet (LCD) on women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods. Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were obtained to perform a meta-analysis of the effects of LCD in PCOS patients. The primary outcomes included the changes in BMI, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and blood lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteotropic hormone (LH), total testosterone (T), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Results. Eight RCTs involving 327 patients were included. In comparison with the control group, the LCD decreased BMI (SMD = −1.04, 95% CI (−1.38, −0.70), P<0.00001), HOMA-IR (SMD = −0.66, 95% CI (−1.01, −0.30), P<0.05), TC (SMD = −0.68, 95% CI (−1.35, −0.02), P<0.05), and LDL-C (SMD = −0.66, 95% CI (−1.30, −0.02), P<0.05). Stratified analyses indicated that LCD lasting longer than 4 weeks had a stronger effect on increasing FSH levels (MD = 0.39, 95% CI (0.08, 0.71), P<0.05), increasing SHBG levels (MD = 5.98, 95% CI (3.51, 8.46), P<0.05), and decreasing T levels (SMD = −1.79, 95% CI (−3.22, −0.36), P<0.05), and the low-fat and low-CHO LCD (fat <35% and CHO <45%) had a more significant effect on the levels of FSH (MD = 0.40, 95% CI (0.09, 0.71), P<0.05) and SHBG (MD = 6.20, 95% CI (3.68, 8.72), P<0.05) than the high-fat and low-CHO LCD (fat >35% and CHO <45%). Conclusion. Based on the current evidence, LCD, particularly long-term LCD and low-fat/low-CHO LCD, may be recommended for the reduction of BMI, treatment of PCOS with insulin resistance, prevention of high LDL-C, increasing the levels of FSH and SHBG, and decreasing the level of T level. Together, the analyzed data indicate that proper control of carbohydrate intake provides beneficial effects on some aspects of PCOS and may represent one of the important interventions improving the clinical symptoms of affected patients.

scholarly journals Adherence to a low-fat vs. low-carbohydrate diet differs by insulin resistance status

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. McClain ◽  
J. J. Otten ◽  
E. B. Hekler ◽  
C. D. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate
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